Political Science Exam 3 - The Court System, Foreign Policy
This is for my 3 Political Science 101 exam. This covers the judiciary system and Foreign policy.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What is the term of a Federal Court judge?
- A.
4 years
- B.
8 years
- C.
12 years
- D.
Until he/she retires
Correct Answer
D. Until he/she retiresExplanation
As long as the judges don't engage in impeachable acts, they hold the office forever.Rate this question:
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- 2.
There was a judiciary system under the articles of confederation.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Under the Articles of Confederation, there was no separate judiciary system. The Articles of Confederation established a weak central government and did not provide for a national judiciary. Instead, disputes between states were resolved by committees or by the states themselves. The lack of a judiciary system was one of the major weaknesses of the Articles and was later addressed by the creation of a federal judiciary under the United States Constitution.Rate this question:
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- 3.
____________ judges are elected by the people and hold a term of office.
Correct Answer
state
StateExplanation
The correct answer is "state" and "State". The question mentions that judges are elected by the people and hold a term of office. This implies that the judges being referred to are those who serve in a state or a specific jurisdiction within a country. In many democratic systems, judges are elected by the people or appointed by elected officials to ensure their independence and accountability. They serve a fixed term of office to maintain stability and continuity in the judicial system. Therefore, "state" and "State" accurately describe the judges being discussed in the question.Rate this question:
- 4.
The federal court system is designed to be independent of congress, the president, and the people.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The federal court system is designed to be independent of congress, the president, and the people. This is true because the founding fathers of the United States wanted to ensure that the judiciary branch would be able to make impartial decisions without being influenced by political or popular pressures. This independence is crucial for upholding the principles of checks and balances and ensuring the fair administration of justice.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Who nominates a supreme court justice?
- A.
The people
- B.
The president
- C.
The house of reps.
- D.
The Senate
Correct Answer
B. The presidentExplanation
The president nominates a supreme court justice. The president has the authority to select and nominate individuals to serve as justices on the Supreme Court. This nomination is then subject to confirmation by the Senate. Once confirmed, the nominated individual becomes a justice on the Supreme Court, making the president responsible for the initial selection process.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Article ___________ is the dedicated article of the Judiciary system.
Correct Answer
3
III
threeExplanation
The answer is "3, III, three" because the question is asking for the correct article that is dedicated to the Judiciary system. The options provided are "3, III, three" which all represent the number three in different forms. Therefore, the correct answer is three.Rate this question:
- 7.
?Who approves the appointment of a supreme court justice
- A.
The people
- B.
The president
- C.
The house of reps.
- D.
The senate
Correct Answer
D. The senateExplanation
The appointment of a Supreme Court justice is approved by the Senate. This is because according to the United States Constitution, the president has the power to nominate a candidate for the Supreme Court, but the appointment must be confirmed by the Senate. The Senate conducts a confirmation hearing where they evaluate the qualifications and suitability of the nominee, and then they vote on whether to approve or reject the appointment. Therefore, the Senate plays a crucial role in the process of appointing a Supreme Court justice.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The supreme courts primary purpose is to interpret the constitution.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The supreme courts primary purpose is to hear cases.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which article references the appointment procedure for a supreme court justice?
- A.
Article I
- B.
Article II
- C.
Article III
- D.
Article IV
Correct Answer
B. Article IIExplanation
Article II section IIRate this question:
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- 10.
For a supreme court justice nominee to get approval from the senate, they need a _______ majority vote.
Correct Answer
mere
simpleExplanation
A supreme court justice nominee needs a mere or simple majority vote from the senate in order to get approval. This means that they only need more than half of the votes to be in favor of their nomination. There is no requirement for a supermajority or any other specific threshold, just a basic majority of votes.Rate this question:
- 11.
The lower court system is referred to as __________ court.
Correct Answer
inferiorExplanation
The lower court system is commonly referred to as the "inferior" court. This term is used to describe the lower level of the court hierarchy, which is subordinate to higher courts. The use of the word "inferior" implies a lower status or rank in comparison to other courts. It signifies that the decisions made in this court can be appealed or reviewed by higher courts, highlighting its position in the judicial system.Rate this question:
- 12.
All of the lower courts that we have in this country are the ones that congress made.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The given statement is true because all of the lower courts in the country are indeed created by Congress. The United States Constitution grants Congress the power to establish and organize the federal judiciary, including the lower courts. These lower courts, such as district courts and circuit courts, play a crucial role in the judicial system by handling a wide range of cases and ensuring access to justice at the local level. Therefore, it is accurate to say that all of the lower courts in the country are created by Congress.Rate this question:
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- 13.
When the preamble of the constitution talks about establishing justice for all, it is referring to the _______ _________.
Correct Answer
court systemExplanation
The preamble of the constitution mentions "establishing justice for all," which implies the need for a fair and impartial legal system. The court system plays a crucial role in ensuring justice by interpreting and applying the law, resolving disputes, and upholding the rights of individuals. It provides a platform for individuals to seek justice, receive a fair trial, and have their grievances addressed. Therefore, when the preamble talks about establishing justice for all, it is referring to the court system as a fundamental component of achieving this goal.Rate this question:
- 14.
________ court is the first court you go to with a federal case.
Correct Answer
district
DistrictExplanation
The correct answer is "district" or "District." In the federal court system, the district court is the first level of court where federal cases are heard. This court has original jurisdiction over most federal cases, including both civil and criminal matters. It is the trial court where evidence is presented, witnesses testify, and decisions are made by a judge or jury. The district court plays a crucial role in the federal judicial system, serving as the starting point for federal cases before they can be appealed to higher courts.Rate this question:
- 15.
There are __________ district courts, at least one in each state.
- A.
65
- B.
87
- C.
94
- D.
99
Correct Answer
C. 94Explanation
The statement mentions that there is at least one district court in each state. Therefore, the number of district courts must be equal to or greater than the number of states. Among the given options, 94 is the only number that is equal to or greater than the number of states, making it the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The official title for those who preside over an appeals court is ________.
Correct Answer
Judge
judgeExplanation
Only the supreme court judges are called justices.Rate this question:
- 17.
Along with the supreme court, congress can also try cases under certain political circumstances.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Not having the authority to try cases is one of the only limitations put on congress.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Congress has power over the supreme court
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Congress has extreme power over the supreme court. According to the constitution, congress set up the court, therefore establishes the rules and regulations regarding the court.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Can congress diminish/cut the salary of judges?
Correct Answer
no
No
NOExplanation
The answer is "no" because according to the separation of powers principle in the US Constitution, Congress does not have the authority to diminish or cut the salary of judges. This is to ensure the independence of the judiciary branch from political influence and to maintain the integrity of the judicial system.Rate this question:
- 20.
How many circuit courts are there in the US?
Correct Answer
11
elevenExplanation
There are 11 circuit courts in the US.Rate this question:
- 21.
Congress can eliminate a lower court at will.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Congress has the power to establish and organize the federal court system, including the creation or elimination of lower courts. This power is derived from Article III of the U.S. Constitution, which grants Congress the authority to make laws and regulate the judiciary. Therefore, Congress can indeed eliminate a lower court if it deems it necessary or appropriate.Rate this question:
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- 22.
State cases may be brought before the Federal Supreme Court.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
In the case of Miranda where his constitutional rights were in question.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The organization of the federal court system is entirely the work of congress.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The explanation for the answer "True" is that the organization of the federal court system is indeed the responsibility of Congress. According to the United States Constitution, Congress has the power to establish and organize the federal courts. This includes creating lower federal courts, determining their jurisdiction, and even deciding the number of judges that serve on the Supreme Court. Therefore, the statement is correct in stating that the organization of the federal court system is entirely the work of Congress.Rate this question:
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- 24.
You get a ________ __ ___________ if the supreme court decides to hear your case.
Correct Answer
Writ of Certiorairi
writ of certiorairiExplanation
The correct answer is "Writ of Certiorairi, writ of certiorairi." A writ of certiorari is a legal document issued by a higher court, such as the Supreme Court, to review a lower court's decision. It grants the Supreme Court the discretion to hear a case and is typically issued when there are significant legal issues at stake or when there is a conflict between lower court decisions. The repetition of the answer in both capitalized and lowercase forms may indicate a typographical error or lack of consistency in the question.Rate this question:
- 25.
_____________ court is where appeals happen.
Correct Answer
circuit
CircuitExplanation
The correct answer is "circuit" or "Circuit." In the legal system, the term "circuit court" refers to a court that hears appeals from lower courts. It is a higher-level court where cases are reviewed and decided upon after they have been heard in a lower court. The term "circuit" is often used to describe the geographical area or region that a particular circuit court covers, as there are multiple circuit courts in different jurisdictions. Therefore, the statement implies that appeals take place in a circuit court.Rate this question:
- 26.
The function of the court of appeals is to
- A.
Conduct trials
- B.
Hear witnesses
- C.
Review trial transcripts
- D.
Review case precedent
Correct Answer
C. Review trial transcriptsExplanation
The court of appeals is responsible for reviewing trial transcripts. This means that they examine the written record of the proceedings from the lower court to determine if any errors were made during the trial. By reviewing the trial transcripts, the court of appeals can assess whether there were any legal mistakes or procedural errors that may have affected the outcome of the case. This allows the court of appeals to make a fair and informed decision on whether to uphold or overturn the lower court's decision.Rate this question:
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- 27.
All federal defendants are entitled to an appeal, but it usually gets denied.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
While everyone is entitled to an appeal, it rarely gets denied.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The jurisdiction for federal courts is defined
- A.
By congress when setting up the courts.
- B.
By the supreme justices once in place.
- C.
By the constitution.
- D.
By the zoning of the states.
Correct Answer
C. By the constitution.Explanation
The correct answer is "by the constitution." The jurisdiction for federal courts is determined by the constitution itself. The constitution outlines the powers and limitations of the federal government, including the establishment and jurisdiction of federal courts. This ensures that the federal courts have authority over specific types of cases and matters that fall within the scope of federal law. The constitution serves as the primary source of authority for the jurisdiction of federal courts, providing a clear framework for their functioning and decision-making.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Federal courts only hear cases that pertain to federal and __________ ___________ issues.
Correct Answer
inter state
interstate
inter-stateExplanation
Federal courts only hear cases that pertain to federal and interstate issues. The term "interstate" refers to activities or matters that involve multiple states. Since federal courts have jurisdiction over cases that involve federal laws and regulations, as well as cases that involve disputes between individuals or entities from different states, the term "interstate" accurately describes the type of issues that federal courts handle. The variations "inter state" and "inter-state" are incorrect and do not accurately represent the term "interstate."Rate this question:
- 30.
One of the purposes of the supreme court is to render decisions and explain their ruling.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The explanation for the correct answer is that one of the main purposes of the Supreme Court is indeed to render decisions and provide explanations for their rulings. As the highest court in the land, the Supreme Court has the power to interpret the Constitution and make final judgments on legal disputes. By explaining their rulings, the Court ensures transparency and accountability in the legal system, allowing the public to understand the reasoning behind their decisions. This helps to maintain the rule of law and uphold the principles of justice.Rate this question:
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- 31.
One Supreme Court Justice writes the majority opinion, and another justice can write a __________ _____________.
Correct Answer
concurring opinionExplanation
A concurring opinion is a written opinion by a Supreme Court Justice that agrees with the majority decision but for different reasons or with additional arguments. It allows the Justice to express their support for the outcome of the case while providing their own legal analysis or perspective. This helps to clarify or expand on certain aspects of the majority opinion and can influence future interpretations of the law.Rate this question:
- 32.
The losing justices can write a _________ _____________.
Correct Answer
dissenting opinionExplanation
When the justices in a court case do not agree with the majority decision, they have the option to write a dissenting opinion. This allows them to express their disagreement with the reasoning or outcome of the case. It serves as a way for the losing justices to explain their position and provide an alternative viewpoint. The dissenting opinion is an important part of the judicial process as it allows for a diversity of perspectives to be heard and considered.Rate this question:
- 33.
Federal Court, including the supreme court, only have jurisdiction over what is in _______ _ ________ ________ of the constitution.
Correct Answer
section 2 article III
section 2 Article III
section 2 Article 3
section 2 article 3Explanation
The correct answer is "section 2 article III". This is because the question is asking about the specific section and article of the constitution that grants jurisdiction to the Federal Court, including the supreme court. The correct answer refers to section 2 of article III, which outlines the jurisdiction of the Federal Court.Rate this question:
- 34.
State courts hear cases relating to state laws or constitution only.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
State courts are judicial bodies that have jurisdiction over cases that involve state laws or the state constitution. These courts handle a wide range of legal matters that fall within the purview of state legislation, such as criminal offenses, civil disputes, family law, and probate cases. Unlike federal courts, which deal with cases involving federal laws or constitutional issues, state courts primarily focus on matters that pertain to the specific state in which they are located. Therefore, it is accurate to say that state courts hear cases relating to state laws or constitution only.Rate this question:
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- 35.
You get one final appeal once the supreme court gives its verdict.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Supreme court ruling is finalRate this question:
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- 36.
Every time you are granted another appeal, the trial process starts all over again at that level.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
You only have one trial, the appellant courts review the transcripts and briefs of the trial only.Rate this question:
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- 37.
__________ courts are the first level of appeals court.
Correct Answer
Circuit
circuitExplanation
The correct answer is "Circuit" or "circuit." Circuit courts are the first level of appeals court. They are responsible for hearing appeals from lower courts and reviewing decisions made by trial courts. These courts are typically divided into geographical regions or circuits, hence the name "circuit" courts.Rate this question:
- 38.
What case established judicial review?
Correct Answer
Marbury v. MadisonExplanation
Marbury v. Madison is the correct answer because this landmark case, decided by the Supreme Court in 1803, established the principle of judicial review in the United States. In this case, Chief Justice John Marshall declared that the Supreme Court has the power to interpret the Constitution and declare laws unconstitutional. This decision solidified the Court's authority and its role as the final arbiter of the Constitution, shaping the balance of power between the branches of government.Rate this question:
- 39.
Who was the first president to challenge the supreme court?
- A.
Lincoln
- B.
Jackson
- C.
Roosevelt
- D.
Wilson
Correct Answer
B. JacksonExplanation
Andrew Jackson was the first president to challenge the Supreme Court. In the case of Worcester v. Georgia in 1832, the Supreme Court ruled that the state of Georgia did not have the authority to regulate the Cherokee Nation. However, Jackson famously disagreed with this decision and reportedly said, "John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it." Jackson's defiance of the Supreme Court's ruling demonstrated his belief in the power of the executive branch and his willingness to challenge the authority of the judiciary.Rate this question:
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- 40.
President Lincoln __________ the supreme courts decision in the Dread Scott case.
- A.
Acknowledged
- B.
Endorsed
- C.
Ignored
- D.
Over-turned
Correct Answer
A. AcknowledgedExplanation
President Lincoln acknowledged the supreme court's decision in the Dread Scott case. This means that he accepted or recognized the decision, even if he may not have agreed with it. He did not endorse or support the decision, nor did he ignore or disregard it. He also did not overturn the decision, as that would imply reversing or nullifying it, which was not within his power as the president.Rate this question:
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- 41.
According to the preamble to the constitution, one of the goals of the courts is to ________ ___________.
Correct Answer
establish justiceExplanation
The correct answer is "establish justice." According to the preamble to the constitution, one of the goals of the courts is to ensure fairness and equality in the legal system. This means that the courts have a responsibility to uphold the principles of justice and ensure that all individuals are treated fairly under the law. By establishing justice, the courts play a crucial role in maintaining the rule of law and protecting the rights of individuals.Rate this question:
- 42.
The bill of rights consists of the amendments ________.
- A.
1-4
- B.
1-6
- C.
1-10
- D.
1-12
Correct Answer
C. 1-10Explanation
The correct answer is 1-10 because the Bill of Rights refers to the first ten amendments of the United States Constitution. These amendments were added to protect individual rights and limit the power of the federal government. They include important rights such as freedom of speech, religion, and the right to a fair trial.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Which amendments are also called the "right's of the accused?"
- A.
3-6
- B.
5-6
- C.
4-7
- D.
6-7
Correct Answer
B. 5-6Explanation
Amendments 5 and 6 are also called the "rights of the accused." The Fifth Amendment guarantees several rights, including the right to a grand jury, protection against double jeopardy, and the right to due process of law. The Sixth Amendment guarantees the right to a fair and speedy trial, the right to a public trial, the right to an impartial jury, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to legal representation. These amendments specifically focus on protecting the rights of individuals who have been accused of a crime, ensuring that they receive fair treatment and a fair trial.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Which amendments deal with voters rights?
- A.
13,14,19,25
- B.
9, 14 19,22
- C.
10,17,19,27
- D.
15,19,24,26
Correct Answer
D. 15,19,24,26Explanation
The amendments that deal with voters' rights are the 15th, 19th, 24th, and 26th amendments. The 15th amendment prohibits the denial of voting rights based on race or color, the 19th amendment grants women the right to vote, the 24th amendment prohibits poll taxes, and the 26th amendment lowers the voting age to 18.Rate this question:
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- 45.
To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. This is referred to as the __________ clause.
Correct Answer
elasticExplanation
The given passage is referring to the clause in the Constitution that grants the government the power to make laws that are necessary and proper for carrying out the powers given to them. This clause is commonly known as the "elastic" clause because it allows for flexibility and interpretation in the laws that can be created to fulfill the government's responsibilities.Rate this question:
- 46.
When the supreme court evaluates a law, act by the president or conviction of someone in state court and compares it to the constitution and finds it inconsistent, it over-turns the law, act, or verdict. This process is called_________ _______________.
Correct Answer
judicial reviewExplanation
The process described in the question, where the Supreme Court evaluates a law, act, or conviction and determines its inconsistency with the constitution, is known as judicial review. Judicial review is an essential power of the Supreme Court that allows it to overturn laws or actions that are deemed unconstitutional. This process ensures that the government's actions align with the principles and provisions set forth in the constitution, maintaining the balance of power and protecting individual rights.Rate this question:
- 47.
The supreme court justice that wrote the majority opinion in Marbury V, Madison was chief justice _________ ______________.
Correct Answer
John Marshall
john marshallExplanation
John Marshall was the chief justice who wrote the majority opinion in Marbury v. Madison. This landmark case established the principle of judicial review, giving the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional. John Marshall's decision in this case solidified the Court's authority and set an important precedent for the balance of power between the branches of government.Rate this question:
- 48.
What are the presidents powers over treaties?
Correct Answer
receive heads of state, nominate ambassadors, commander in chief power, propose treatiesExplanation
The president has the power to receive heads of state, which means they have the authority to meet and interact with leaders from other countries. They also have the power to nominate ambassadors, who are representatives of the United States in foreign countries. As commander in chief, the president has control over the military and can make important decisions regarding national defense. Additionally, the president has the power to propose treaties, which are agreements between the United States and other countries that require approval from the Senate.Rate this question:
- 49.
Foreign policy for the US changed
- A.
After WWI.
- B.
After WWII.
- C.
150 years ago
- D.
After the Korean War.
Correct Answer
B. After WWII.Explanation
After World War II, the United States experienced a significant shift in its foreign policy. The war had a profound impact on the country, leading to the emergence of the United States as a superpower and the beginning of the Cold War with the Soviet Union. The US adopted a policy of containment, aiming to prevent the spread of communism. It also became heavily involved in international affairs, establishing organizations like the United Nations and NATO. This marked a departure from its previous policy of isolationism and set the stage for the US to become a global leader in the post-war era.Rate this question:
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- 50.
One of the way that congress does foreign policy is through borrowing money on behalf of the nation.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Congress has the authority to borrow money on behalf of the nation, which is one of the ways it can influence foreign policy. By borrowing money, Congress can fund various initiatives and projects that have implications for foreign relations, such as providing aid to other countries or financing military operations abroad. This allows Congress to play a role in shaping the nation's foreign policy agenda and priorities.Rate this question:
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