1.
It is an intensive systematic intervention based on the assumption that serious problem behaviors are the result of past and present response-consequence contingencies.
Correct Answer
B. Applied Behavior Analysis
Explanation
Applied Behavior Analysis is a systematic intervention that is based on the assumption that serious problem behaviors are the result of past and present response-consequence contingencies. This means that behaviors are learned through the consequences that follow them, and by analyzing and modifying these contingencies, problem behaviors can be effectively addressed. Applied Behavior Analysis focuses on identifying the antecedents and consequences of behaviors, and using this information to develop strategies to increase desired behaviors and decrease problem behaviors. It is a widely used approach in various settings, including schools, clinics, and homes, to improve behavior and promote positive outcomes.
2.
Applied Behavior Analysis applies various behaviorist concepts, but is not really beneficial for learners who must continually be encouraged to engage in appropriate academic and social behaviors.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
it is beneficial for said learners
3.
Applied Behavior Analysis is usually tailored to individual circumstances.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a therapeutic approach that focuses on understanding and modifying behavior. It is highly individualized and customized to meet the specific needs and circumstances of each individual. ABA practitioners conduct thorough assessments and create personalized treatment plans to address specific behaviors and goals. This approach recognizes that every person is unique, and therefore requires a tailored intervention plan to achieve the best outcomes. Therefore, the statement that ABA is usually tailored to individual circumstances is true.
4.
Target behaviors are observed and recorded subjectively in order to obtain the perspective of the other person during an interaction with the person needing Applied Behavior Analysis.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
it is observed and recorded as objectively as possible
5.
These are the specific, concrete responses focused on by ABA therapists.
Correct Answer
A. Target behaviors
Explanation
ABA therapists focus on target behaviors, which are specific and concrete responses that they want to teach or modify in individuals. These behaviors are identified as goals and are the main focus of the therapy sessions. ABA therapists use various techniques and interventions to target these behaviors and help individuals acquire new skills or modify existing behaviors. Therefore, target behaviors are the specific responses that ABA therapists work on during therapy sessions.
6.
Target behaviors are also called terminal behaviors.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Target behaviors are indeed also called terminal behaviors. This term refers to the specific behaviors that an individual or a group is aiming to achieve or change through a behavioral intervention or program. These behaviors are considered the ultimate goals or outcomes of the intervention, and they are typically defined in observable and measurable terms. Therefore, it is accurate to say that target behaviors and terminal behaviors are synonymous.
7.
Target behaviors are measured before and after the intervention to determine whether the intervention effectively brought about a behavior change.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
before and during
8.
Environmental conditions that possibly encourage problem behaviors are identified through the ABC approach.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The ABC approach is a method used to analyze and understand problem behaviors. It stands for Antecedent, Behavior, and Consequence. By examining the environmental conditions (antecedents) that occur before the problem behavior, we can better understand the factors that may be influencing or encouraging those behaviors. Therefore, it is true that the ABC approach can help identify environmental conditions that possibly encourage problem behaviors.
9.
A behavior's frequency can be increased by:
Correct Answer
B. Reinforcing the behavior every time it occurs
Explanation
if the frequency of the desired response is very low, it has to be shaped through reinforcement at successively closer and closer approximations
10.
An undesirable behavior can be eliminated through (select three)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Reinforcement of incompatible behaviors
C. Punishment
D. Extinction
Explanation
Undesirable behavior can be eliminated through reinforcement of incompatible behaviors, punishment, and extinction. Reinforcement of incompatible behaviors involves reinforcing behaviors that are incompatible with the undesirable behavior, making it more difficult for the undesirable behavior to occur. Punishment involves applying negative consequences to the undesirable behavior, discouraging its occurrence. Extinction involves removing the reinforcement or reward that maintains the undesirable behavior, causing it to decrease or disappear over time. These three strategies can be effective in modifying behavior and promoting more desirable alternatives.
11.
Positive Behavior Support employs the following strategies:
Correct Answer(s)
A. Teaching behaviors that can serve the same purpose and replace inappropriate behaviors
B. Minimize conditions that might trigger inappropriate behaviors
C. Establish a predictable daily routine
D. Give the students opportunities to make choices
E. Make adaptations in the curriculum
Explanation
Positive Behavior Support employs a variety of strategies to promote appropriate behavior. One strategy is teaching behaviors that can serve the same purpose and replace inappropriate behaviors. By providing alternative behaviors, individuals can learn more appropriate ways to meet their needs. Another strategy is to minimize conditions that might trigger inappropriate behaviors. This involves identifying and modifying environmental factors that may contribute to problem behavior. Establishing a predictable daily routine is another strategy, as it helps individuals feel secure and understand what is expected of them. Giving students opportunities to make choices promotes independence and can reduce challenging behavior. Finally, making adaptations in the curriculum ensures that individuals can access and engage in learning activities effectively.
12.
Treatment is monitored for effectiveness as it progresses and is modified if necessary.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Increased frequency of desired behavior and decreased frequency of unwanted behavior = effective intervention Little change from baseline to treatment = modification is warranted.
13.
Measures are taken to promote generalization of newly acquired behaviors.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Teach target behavior in numerous realistic contexts, in different versions; teach the relationship of the desired behavior to reinforcers that occur naturally in the environment (better hygiene = better interaction with others); reinforce behavior when it spontaneously occurs in new situations to reinforce generalization
14.
Treatment is immediately phased out after the desired behavior is acquired
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
gradually
15.
AKA Functional Behavior Assessment; an approach where the therapist collects information to look for patterns in the data and identify specific events that may be triggering or reinforcing a target behavior:
Correct Answer
B. Functional Assessment
Explanation
A Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) is an approach used by therapists and behavior analysts to collect information about a target behavior. The goal is to identify patterns in the data and specific events that may be triggering or reinforcing the behavior. The process typically involves observing the individual, interviewing relevant people, and reviewing records to understand the context and function of the behavior. This information is then used to develop effective intervention strategies.
16.
An ABA Group strategy where the entire group must perform a desired behavior for a reinforcement to occur:
Correct Answer
C. Group Contingency
Explanation
Group contingency is a strategy in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) where a reinforcement is contingent upon the behavior of an entire group. This means that the entire group must perform a desired behavior for the reinforcement to occur. This strategy is often used in educational settings to promote positive behavior and cooperation among students. It encourages collaboration and accountability within the group, as individuals are motivated to engage in the desired behavior in order to receive the reinforcement.
17.
Group Contingency improves academic achievement, classroom behavior, playground behaviors in college students, and energy-saving behaviors young elementary students
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
playground behaviors in young elementary students and energy-saving behaviors in college dormitory residents
18.
Group Contingency is effective only if everyone in the group can make the desired response.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Group Contingency can be effective even if not everyone in the group can make the desired response. The key aspect of Group Contingency is that the entire group is rewarded based on the performance of one or more members, or the group as a whole. This can motivate individuals to encourage and support each other in meeting the target behavior. It leverages social influence and peer pressure to promote positive behavior change.
19.
Peer pressure and social reinforcement partly account for Group Contingency's effectiveness.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Peer pressure and social reinforcement play a significant role in the effectiveness of Group Contingency. When individuals are part of a group, they are more likely to conform to the group's norms and expectations. This can create a sense of accountability and motivation to perform well in order to gain approval and acceptance from their peers. Additionally, social reinforcement, such as praise and recognition from others in the group, can further reinforce desired behaviors and increase the effectiveness of Group Contingency.
20.
A challenge in using group contingencies is to identify a consequence that all students find reinforcing. One strategy is to use a __________ that varies from day to day.
Correct Answer
A. Mystery reinforcer
Explanation
Using a mystery reinforcer as a consequence in group contingencies can help overcome the challenge of finding a consequence that all students find reinforcing. By varying the reinforcer from day to day, it adds an element of surprise and excitement, making it more likely to be reinforcing for a wider range of students. This can increase motivation and engagement within the group, making the group contingency more effective in promoting desired behaviors.
21.
ABA Group strategy where individuals who behave appropriately are reinforced with token reinforcers that can later be traded for backup reinforcers:
Correct Answer
A. Token Economy
Explanation
A token economy is a strategy used in ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis) where individuals who exhibit appropriate behavior are rewarded with tokens. These tokens can later be exchanged for desired backup reinforcers or rewards. This system helps to encourage and reinforce positive behavior by providing individuals with a clear incentive and motivation to behave appropriately. It is commonly used in various settings, such as schools and therapy programs, to promote positive behavior and improve overall functioning.
22.
Token Economy includes the following elements:
Correct Answer(s)
C. Set of rules describing the responses that will be reinforced
D. Variety of backup reinforcers for which tokens can be exchanged
E. A store at which the backup reinforcers can be purchased
Explanation
Token Economy is a behavior management system that involves the use of tokens as rewards for desired behaviors. The set of rules describing the responses that will be reinforced is an essential element of a Token Economy. These rules outline the specific behaviors that will be rewarded with tokens. Additionally, a variety of backup reinforcers are provided, which are items or privileges that can be obtained by exchanging tokens. These backup reinforcers serve as incentives for individuals to engage in the desired behaviors. Finally, a store is established where individuals can use their tokens to purchase the backup reinforcers, further reinforcing the effectiveness of the Token Economy system.
23.
Young children should be allowed at least one purchase opportunity a day for Token Economy.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Young children should be allowed at least one purchase opportunity a day for Token Economy because it promotes the development of essential life skills such as decision-making, financial literacy, and responsibility. By giving children the chance to make choices and spend tokens on desired items, they learn the value of money and the consequences of their decisions. This helps them understand the concept of saving, budgeting, and prioritizing their wants and needs. Moreover, it encourages independence and autonomy as they learn to manage their own resources. Providing regular purchase opportunities also reinforces positive behavior and motivates children to earn tokens through good conduct and achievements.
24.
Older children should be allowed one or two opportunities a day for Token Economy.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
a week
25.
Advantages of Token Economy: tokens provide immediate reinforcement & availability of various backup reinforcers increases the odds that everyone can work for a desired consequence.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The advantages of a token economy include the provision of immediate reinforcement and the availability of various backup reinforcers, which increases the likelihood that individuals will work towards achieving a desired consequence. This means that tokens can be used as a form of reward or incentive, providing immediate feedback and motivation for desired behaviors. Additionally, the availability of different backup reinforcers ensures that there is a range of options to suit the preferences and needs of different individuals, increasing the effectiveness of the token economy system.