Practice A & P Quiz

1.

A legend or prescription drug is a medication that can be

A.

Unsafe
B.

Addictive
C.

Easily abused
D.

All of the above

Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
A legend or prescription drug refers to a medication that is regulated and can only be obtained with a prescription from a licensed healthcare professional. These drugs can be unsafe because they may have potential side effects or risks associated with their use. They can also be addictive, meaning that individuals may develop a dependence on them with prolonged use. Additionally, prescription drugs can be easily abused, as they may have psychoactive effects or can be used in ways other than prescribed, leading to misuse or addiction. Therefore, the answer "all of the above" is correct as it encompasses the unsafe nature, addictive potential, and ease of abuse associated with legend or prescription drugs.

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2.

The process of how a drug begins to work through its entry into the bloodstream is referred to as

A.

Elimination
B.

Absorption
C.

Distribution
D.

Metabolism

Correct Answer
B. Absorption

Explanation
Absorption refers to the process by which a drug enters the bloodstream and begins to work. It involves the drug being absorbed into the body through various routes such as oral ingestion, inhalation, or injection. Once absorbed, the drug can then be distributed throughout the body to its target site of action. Elimination, on the other hand, refers to the process by which the drug is removed from the body. Metabolism involves the chemical transformation of the drug in the body. Distribution refers to the movement of the drug within the body after it has been absorbed.

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3.

By the _______ stage, the drug is in its molecular form and can cross cell membranes.

A.

Distribution
B.

Elimination
C.

Absorption
D.

Metabolism

Correct Answer
A. Distribution

Explanation
In the distribution stage, the drug has already been absorbed into the bloodstream and is now in its molecular form. This means that it has been broken down into its smallest units and can easily cross cell membranes to reach its target tissues or organs. Distribution is an important step in the pharmacokinetic process as it allows the drug to reach its intended site of action and exert its therapeutic effects.

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4.

Without elimination, the primary risk of medication in regards to the human body is that ______.

A.

Body temperature may increase to intolerable levels
B.

Medications can build to toxic levels
C.

Dosages will need to be adjusted
D.

Medications will break down and become less effective

Correct Answer
B. Medications can build to toxic levels

Explanation
The primary risk of medication in regards to the human body is that medications can build to toxic levels. This means that if the dosage of medication is not properly regulated or if the body is unable to metabolize and eliminate the medication efficiently, it can accumulate in the body and reach levels that are harmful or toxic. This can lead to adverse effects and potential damage to organs and bodily systems. It is important to monitor medication levels and adjust dosages as necessary to prevent this risk.

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5.

Homeostasis is regulated by a sensing mechanism that is able to identify a change outside particular limits known as ________.

A.

Metabolism
B.

Agranulocytosis
C.

Negative feedback systems
D.

Cell transport

Correct Answer
C. Negative feedback systems

Explanation
Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes. It is regulated by negative feedback systems, which work to counteract any deviations from the set point. These systems detect changes in the body and activate mechanisms to bring the body back to its normal state. Therefore, negative feedback systems play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis.

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6.

Proteins are large molecules that are composed of one or more __________ that are joined by peptide bonds.

A.

Monosaccarides
B.

Amino acids
C.

Lipids
D.

Hormones

Correct Answer
B. Amino acids

Explanation
Proteins are composed of one or more amino acids that are joined together by peptide bonds. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and they are linked together in a specific sequence to form a protein molecule. This sequence determines the structure and function of the protein. Monosaccharides are simple sugars, lipids are fats, and hormones are chemical messengers in the body. None of these molecules are directly involved in the formation of proteins.

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7.

Carbohydrates are _________.

A.

Fats
B.

Meats
C.

Salts
D.

Sugars

Correct Answer
D. Sugars

Explanation
Carbohydrates are compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They are a major source of energy for the body and are commonly found in foods such as grains, fruits, and vegetables. Sugars, including glucose, fructose, and sucrose, are a type of carbohydrate. They provide quick energy for the body and are often used as a fuel source during physical activity.

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8.

The most important component of the human cell is the:

A.

Plasma membrane
B.

Golgi aparatus
C.

Nucleus
D.

Mitochondria

Correct Answer
C. Nucleus

Explanation
The nucleus is the most important component of the human cell because it contains the cell's genetic material, DNA. DNA carries the instructions for the cell's functions and characteristics, making it essential for cell division, growth, and regulation. The nucleus also houses the nucleolus, which is responsible for producing ribosomes, the cellular structures involved in protein synthesis. Without the nucleus, the cell would not be able to carry out its vital functions and would not be able to replicate or function properly.

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9.

The skin that covers the body is considered both a body system and:

A.

An organ
B.

A sponge
C.

A shield
D.

None of the above

Correct Answer
A. An organ

Explanation
The skin is considered both a body system and an organ because it is a complex structure made up of multiple tissues and organs that work together to perform specific functions. It serves as a protective barrier, regulates body temperature, and helps in the excretion of waste products. Additionally, the skin contains various sensory receptors that enable us to feel touch, pressure, and pain. Therefore, it meets the criteria to be classified as an organ.

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10.

Pharmacokinetics is:

A.

How the body affects the drug
B.

How the drug affects the body
C.

Study of drugs and their affect on the human body
D.

None of the above

Correct Answer
A. How the body affects the drug

Explanation
Pharmacokinetics refers to the study of how the body affects the drug. It involves understanding the processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination in the body. This knowledge helps in determining the drug's concentration and duration of action, as well as its potential interactions with other substances in the body. By studying pharmacokinetics, healthcare professionals can optimize drug dosages and administration schedules to ensure safe and effective treatment for patients.

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