Pre-board Exam For June 2008 NLE (Exam Mode)

EO 51 refers to Executive Order 51, which is a policy implemented to promote and support breastfeeding in the Philippines. It provides guidelines and regulations for the promotion, protection, and support of breastfeeding in various settings such as hospitals, workplaces, and communities. This policy aims to ensure that mothers are given the necessary support and resources to initiate and sustain breastfeeding, as it has numerous health benefits for both the mother and the child. By enforcing EO 51, the government is taking steps to create a breastfeeding-friendly environment and encourage breastfeeding as the optimal feeding method for infants.

Motivation is the correct answer because it refers to the internal force that drives individuals to act in a certain way or achieve certain goals. It influences the strength of behavior by providing the energy and direction needed to pursue and accomplish tasks. Motivation can be intrinsic, coming from within oneself, or extrinsic, driven by external factors such as rewards or recognition. Envy, reward, and self-esteem may all play a role in influencing behavior, but they do not encompass the broad concept of motivation.

ECT, or electroconvulsive therapy, is a treatment option commonly used for severe depression that has not responded to other treatments. It involves passing electric currents through the brain to induce a controlled seizure, which can help alleviate symptoms of depression. While ECT may also be used for other mental health conditions, such as bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, depression is the most common indication for its use. Therefore, the correct answer is depression.

When examining a client with abdominal pain, Nurse Hazel should assess the symptomatic quadrant last. This is because assessing the other quadrants first allows the nurse to establish a baseline and gather information about any potential issues or abnormalities in those areas. By assessing the symptomatic quadrant last, Nurse Hazel can focus on the area that is causing the pain and gather more specific information about the symptoms, such as tenderness, inflammation, or abnormal sounds. This approach helps to prioritize the assessment and ensures that the nurse does not miss any important findings in the other quadrants.

Given the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, immediate surgery would be anticipated. Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube. This is a medical emergency as it can lead to life-threatening complications such as rupture and internal bleeding. Immediate surgery is necessary to remove the ectopic pregnancy and prevent further complications. NPO (nothing by mouth) may be required prior to surgery, but it is not the main anticipation. Bed rest may be recommended after surgery, but it is not the immediate action. Enema is not relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancy.

Tetanus toxoid is administered through intramuscular (IM) injection. This means that the vaccine is injected directly into the muscle tissue, usually in the upper arm or thigh. Intramuscular injections are commonly used for vaccines because they allow for the rapid absorption of the vaccine into the bloodstream, leading to a quicker immune response. The other vaccines listed, such as Measles, OPV, and BCG, are typically administered through different routes such as subcutaneous or oral administration.

Dialysis is a medical procedure used to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood in individuals with kidney failure. It is not designed to directly correct decreased hemoglobin levels. Decreased hemoglobin, also known as anemia, is typically caused by a deficiency in red blood cells or hemoglobin. Treatment for anemia may involve addressing the underlying cause, such as iron deficiency or certain chronic diseases, and may include medications, blood transfusions, or other interventions, but not dialysis.

Acetylcysteine is the primary antidote for Tylenol poisoning. Tylenol, also known as acetaminophen, can cause liver damage if taken in excessive amounts. Acetylcysteine helps to prevent or reduce liver damage by replenishing the body's stores of glutathione, a substance that helps to detoxify harmful substances in the liver. It is administered orally or intravenously and is most effective when given within 8-10 hours of Tylenol overdose. Narcan is used to reverse opioid overdose, Digoxin is used to treat heart conditions, and Flumazenil is used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepines.

The correct answer is the Department of Health. The disposal of medical records in government hospitals/institutions must be done in close coordination with the Department of Health because they are responsible for overseeing and regulating healthcare services in the country. As part of their role, they ensure that proper protocols are followed in managing and disposing of medical records to protect patient confidentiality and comply with legal requirements.

The IV infusion set has a drop factor of 10 drops per minute. Mr. Gutierrez is receiving 1 liter of D5RL to run for 12 hours. To calculate the number of drops per minute, we need to convert the 12-hour time frame to minutes. There are 60 minutes in an hour, so 12 hours is equal to 12 * 60 = 720 minutes. Since Mr. Gutierrez is receiving 1 liter of fluid, and the drop factor is 10 drops per minute, the total drops for 720 minutes would be 1 * 10 * 720 = 7200 drops. To find the approximate drops per minute, we divide the total drops by the total minutes: 7200 / 720 = 10 drops per minute. Therefore, the IV should be regulated at approximately 10-12 drops per minute.

After a caesarian birth, the fundus (top of the uterus) typically descends at a rate of about one finger's breadth per day. Therefore, on the 2nd postpartum day, it would be expected to be about 2 fingers below the umbilicus. This is because the uterus is contracting and returning to its pre-pregnancy size and position.

The nurse knows that Myla's second stage of labor is beginning when the cervix is completely dilated. This is because the second stage of labor is the pushing stage, where the baby moves through the birth canal and is born. A completely dilated cervix indicates that the baby can now descend further and be delivered. The other assessments mentioned, such as the breaking of the water, regular contractions, and presence of bloody show, are also important indicators of labor progress but do not specifically signify the beginning of the second stage.

Poverty is the most important risk factor in the development of mental illness in community health nursing. This is because individuals living in poverty often face various challenges such as limited access to healthcare, education, and employment opportunities, which can negatively impact their mental well-being. Additionally, poverty can lead to increased stress, social isolation, and lack of social support, all of which contribute to the development of mental health issues. Therefore, addressing poverty is crucial in promoting mental health and well-being in the community.

The priority of care for a client with Alzheimer's disease is to simplify the environment to eliminate the need to make chores. This is important because individuals with Alzheimer's often struggle with cognitive impairments and may have difficulty completing tasks or remembering instructions. By simplifying the environment and reducing the number of chores or tasks that need to be done, it helps to minimize confusion and frustration for the client. This approach promotes a sense of calm and reduces the risk of agitation or disorientation. Additionally, it can also help to maintain a safe and organized living space for the client.

Autism is typically diagnosed around the age of 3 years old. This is because certain developmental milestones and behaviors associated with autism become more noticeable during this time. By the age of 3, children are expected to have reached certain social, communication, and cognitive milestones, and if they are significantly delayed or show signs of autism, they can be diagnosed at this age. Early diagnosis is crucial for early intervention and support, which can greatly improve the long-term outcomes for individuals with autism.

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The termination phase of the NPR involves reviewing the progress of therapy and assessing whether the goals set at the beginning of the therapy have been achieved. This phase allows the therapist and client to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy and determine if any further sessions or interventions are necessary. It provides an opportunity to reflect on the client's progress and celebrate their achievements while also addressing any remaining concerns or issues.

Ototoxicity refers to damage to the auditory system caused by certain medications, including antibiotics. In this case, the client is receiving antibiotic therapy for an infection and later complains of ringing in the ears. The 8th cranial nerve, also known as the vestibulocochlear nerve, is responsible for transmitting auditory information from the inner ear to the brain. Damage to this nerve can result in symptoms such as tinnitus, which is the perception of ringing in the ears. Therefore, the correct answer is the 8th CN.

The Rumpel-leede test is used as a screening test for dengue hemorrhagic fever. This test involves inflating a blood pressure cuff on the patient's arm and then releasing it. If small red spots called petechiae appear at the site where the cuff was placed, it indicates a positive result for dengue hemorrhagic fever. This test helps to identify the presence of capillary fragility, which is a characteristic symptom of the disease. Complete blood count, ELISA, and sedimentation rate are not specific screening tests for dengue hemorrhagic fever.

BCG vaccination is the primary prevention for leprosy. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis (TB), but it has also shown effectiveness in preventing leprosy. BCG vaccination stimulates the immune system, providing protection against Mycobacterium leprae, the bacterium that causes leprosy. This vaccine is commonly given to infants in countries with a high prevalence of leprosy, as it helps to reduce the risk of developing the disease later in life.

BCG is a live attenuated bacterial vaccine. BCG stands for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, which is a vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis. It is made from a weakened form of the bacteria Mycobacterium bovis. When BCG is administered, it stimulates the immune system to recognize and fight against tuberculosis. This vaccine is commonly given to infants in countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis. OPV (oral polio vaccine) and measles are not bacterial vaccines, and therefore, the correct answer is BCG.

Standards refer to the professionally desired norms against which a staff performance will be compared. These norms provide a benchmark for evaluating the performance of employees and ensure that they meet the expected level of quality and competence in their work. By setting standards, organizations can establish clear expectations for their staff and measure their performance against these predetermined criteria. This helps in identifying areas of improvement and ensuring that employees are meeting the required standards of performance.

Negative reinforcement is the correct answer because reprimanding a staff nurse for work that is done incorrectly is a form of punishment or aversive stimulus. By reprimanding the nurse, the negative consequence of the reprimand is intended to decrease the likelihood of the nurse repeating the incorrect work in the future. This is an example of using negative reinforcement to shape behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus (the reprimand) after an undesired behavior (incorrect work) occurs.

The nurse should expect the physiologic effect of dilated pupils in a male client addicted to hallucinogens. Hallucinogens, such as LSD or magic mushrooms, can cause dilation of the pupils as one of their effects. This is due to the impact of hallucinogens on the sympathetic nervous system, which leads to increased release of norepinephrine, causing pupil dilation.

At 12 months old, most babies have around 6 teeth. This is because the first teeth, usually the lower central incisors, start to come in around 6-10 months of age. By the age of 12 months, it is common for babies to have 6 teeth, although the exact number may vary from child to child. Therefore, Nurse Oliver would anticipate Baby Reese to have 6 teeth at this age.

Fidelity refers to being loyal, faithful, and committed to fulfilling one's responsibilities and obligations. Being on time, meeting deadlines, and completing all scheduled duties demonstrate fidelity as it shows a person's dedication and reliability in honoring their commitments. Autonomy refers to independence and self-governance, which is not directly related to meeting deadlines. Veracity refers to truthfulness and honesty, while confidentiality refers to keeping information private and secure. Therefore, fidelity is the most appropriate virtue in this context.

Anti-depressants are medications that are specifically designed to elevate or improve a person's mood. They work by balancing certain chemicals in the brain that are responsible for regulating mood. Unlike antipsychotics, anti-manic, and anti-anxiety medications, anti-depressants are primarily used to treat depression and related mood disorders. While the other options may also have an impact on mood, anti-depressants are specifically known for their mood-elevating effects.

During an acute gout attack, the nurse administers colchicine. Colchicine is an anti-inflammatory medication that helps to reduce the inflammation and pain associated with gout. It works by inhibiting the movement of white blood cells to the affected area, which in turn reduces the inflammatory response. Prednisone, aspirin, and allopurinol are not typically used during an acute gout attack. Prednisone is a corticosteroid that may be used for long-term management of gout, while aspirin and allopurinol are not effective in treating the acute symptoms of gout.

During the evaluation step of the nursing process, Nurse Karen revises a client's plan of care. This step involves assessing the client's progress towards achieving their goals, identifying any changes in their condition or needs, and making necessary adjustments to the plan of care. By evaluating the effectiveness of the current plan and making revisions as needed, Nurse Karen ensures that the client receives the most appropriate and individualized care.

Cotrimoxazole is the first-line treatment for dysentery. It is a combination of two antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, which work together to inhibit the growth of bacteria causing the infection. Cotrimoxazole is effective against a wide range of bacteria, including those that commonly cause dysentery, such as Shigella and Salmonella. It is often preferred as a first-line treatment due to its effectiveness, safety profile, and low cost. Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, and Cefalexin are not typically used as first-line treatments for dysentery.

Budgeting is a crucial part of the planning process in management. It involves setting financial goals, estimating income and expenses, and allocating resources accordingly. By creating a budget, managers can determine how to best utilize available resources to achieve organizational objectives. Budgeting helps in forecasting future financial needs, identifying potential risks, and making informed decisions. Therefore, the correct answer is Planning.

Nurse Bea anticipates that the client may have a problem with the inner ear because vertigo is commonly associated with inner ear disorders. The inner ear contains the vestibular system, which is responsible for balance and spatial orientation. Any disruption or damage to the inner ear can lead to vertigo, a sensation of dizziness and spinning. Therefore, it is logical for Nurse Bea to suspect that the client's vertigo may be related to an issue in the inner ear.

The most significant assessment finding in a male client hospitalized with Guillain-Barre Syndrome is even, unlabored respirations. This is because Guillain-Barre Syndrome can affect the muscles responsible for breathing, leading to respiratory distress or failure. Therefore, observing even, unlabored respirations indicates that the client's respiratory function is stable and not compromised.

EPI, or Expanded Program on Immunization, is based on the epidemiological situation. This means that the program is designed and implemented based on the current disease burden, prevalence, and patterns of diseases in a given population. By understanding the epidemiological situation, health authorities can prioritize and target specific diseases for immunization, ensuring that the program is effective in preventing and controlling the spread of infectious diseases.

Freud's psychosexual development theory suggests that temper tantrums are observed during the anal stage. This stage occurs between the ages of 1 to 3 years old, when children are learning to control their bowel movements. According to Freud, if parents are too strict or demanding during toilet training, it can lead to conflicts and frustration for the child, resulting in temper tantrums as a way to express their anger and resistance. Therefore, the correct answer is "Anal".

The incubation period of rabies can vary depending on the site of the bite. This means that the time it takes for symptoms to appear can be different for each individual, depending on where they were bitten by an infected animal. It is not a fixed period of time like 6 months, 1 week, or 1 month. The variation in the incubation period is due to factors such as the severity of the bite, the amount of virus transmitted, and the individual's immune response.

The correct answer is "Risk-benefit ratio". The risk-benefit ratio refers to the comparison between the potential benefits and the potential risks of a research study for the subjects involved. It is essential to assess this ratio to ensure that the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks and that the study is ethically justified. This analysis helps researchers and ethics committees make informed decisions about whether to proceed with a study and how to minimize any potential harm to the subjects.

After 2 days is the correct answer because it is important to closely monitor a young child with pneumonia to ensure that their condition is improving. Waiting for a longer period of time, such as 4 or 5 days, may delay necessary medical intervention if the child's symptoms worsen. Bringing the child back for follow-up after 2 days allows the healthcare provider to assess the child's progress, adjust treatment if needed, and provide any necessary further instructions to the mother.

The correct answer is BON, which stands for Board of Nursing. The Board of Nursing is responsible for ensuring that nurses adhere to ethical standards and maintain a high level of professionalism in their practice. They establish and enforce regulations, issue licenses, and handle disciplinary actions when necessary. The BON plays a crucial role in upholding the integrity and quality of nursing care provided to the public.

The nurse determined that the primary nursing diagnosis for the client is "Altered nutrition : less than body requirement" because the client is not getting enough nutrients to meet their body's needs. This may be due to factors such as poor appetite, difficulty swallowing, or inadequate intake of food. The nurse will focus on interventions to improve the client's nutritional status, such as providing a balanced diet, monitoring weight and intake, and collaborating with a dietitian to develop a nutrition plan.

The BSN curriculum prepares graduates to become primary health nurses. This means that they are equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to provide comprehensive and holistic care to patients in a variety of settings, including primary care clinics, community health centers, and home health agencies. They are trained to assess, diagnose, and treat common health conditions, promote health and wellness, and educate patients and their families on preventive measures. Primary health nurses play a vital role in promoting and maintaining the overall health and well-being of individuals and communities.

In this scenario, the correct answer is to stay with the client and do nothing. The client has a standing DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) order, which means that they have made the decision to not receive any life-saving interventions in the event of a cardiac or respiratory arrest. As a healthcare professional, it is important to respect the client's wishes and honor their DNR order. Therefore, staying with the client and providing comfort and emotional support is the appropriate action in this situation.

The presence of an 8mm area of induration at the site of the Mantoux skin test indicates a positive result. This suggests that the client has been exposed to the bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB) and has developed an immune response to it. Further diagnostic tests and evaluations will be needed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate treatment plan for the client.

The given correct answer is "Vision" because a vision statement outlines the long-term goals and aspirations of an organization. It describes what the organization aims to achieve in the future and sets a direction for the organization to follow. In this case, the vision statement "To be the leading hospital in the Philippines" clearly expresses the desired position and reputation that the hospital aims to achieve in the healthcare industry.

Nurse Christine teaches the parents to include rice in the child's diet because rice is a gluten-free grain that is safe for individuals with celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where consuming gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, causes damage to the small intestine. Therefore, it is important for individuals with celiac disease to avoid foods that contain gluten, such as rye toast, oatmeal, and white bread, and instead include gluten-free alternatives like rice in their diet.

Enrollment in graduate school is considered formal continuing education because it involves pursuing a higher level of education in a specific field of study. Graduate school programs typically require students to complete a structured curriculum, including coursework, research, and sometimes internships or practical experiences. This type of education is formal in nature as it is usually provided by accredited institutions and leads to the attainment of advanced degrees such as master's or doctoral degrees.

The finding that she gained 4 lbs in two weeks indicates that her condition is improving. This suggests that she is able to eat enough to gain weight, which may indicate an improvement in her appetite and overall health. Weight gain is often seen as a positive sign of progress in patients who have been ill or hospitalized.

TT4 provides 99% protection against tetanus. This means that individuals who receive the TT4 vaccine have a very high level of immunity against tetanus, reducing their risk of contracting the disease by 99%. This high level of protection is crucial as tetanus is a potentially life-threatening infection caused by bacteria commonly found in soil, dust, and manure. By receiving the TT4 vaccine, individuals can significantly lower their chances of developing tetanus and its severe complications.

Rubella is a highly contagious viral infection that can cause serious complications if contracted during pregnancy. It is important to isolate a female child with rubella from individuals who are at risk of contracting the virus, particularly pregnant women. The 18-year-old sister who recently got married is at risk of becoming pregnant and should be isolated from the child with rubella to prevent any potential harm to her and her unborn baby.

The nurse is aware that the following tasks can be safely delegated to a non-nurse health worker except for changing IV infusions. This is because changing IV infusions requires specialized knowledge and skills to ensure proper administration and prevent complications. Only licensed healthcare professionals, such as nurses or doctors, should perform this task to ensure patient safety.

Sambong is the appropriate herbal medicine for urolithiasis. Urolithiasis refers to the formation of stones in the urinary system, such as the kidneys or bladder. Sambong, also known as Blumea balsamifera, is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine for its diuretic properties. It helps increase urine production and promotes the elimination of urinary stones. Therefore, Sambong is the correct choice for treating urolithiasis.

Crisis is characterized by a temporary state of emotional upheaval or distress that may affect an individual and their family. It is unique to each person, meaning that the way they experience and respond to a crisis may differ from others. The crisis is not self-limiting for 4-6 weeks, as it can vary in duration. However, the statement "The client may become resistive and active in stopping the crisis" is not a characteristic of crisis. In fact, during a crisis, individuals may feel overwhelmed and struggle to cope, making it unlikely for them to actively stop the crisis.

Blanching or cyanosis of the legs indicates circulatory constriction in a male client with a newly applied long leg cast. Blanching refers to the loss of color in the skin, indicating poor blood flow, while cyanosis refers to a bluish discoloration, indicating a lack of oxygen in the blood. Both of these findings suggest that the blood flow to the legs is being restricted, possibly due to pressure from the cast. This can lead to complications such as deep vein thrombosis or compartment syndrome, and should be addressed promptly.

The re-issuance of revoked certificates for a male nurse found guilty of negligence is after 4 years.

The priority nursing action after amniotomy is to listen to the fetal heart tone. This is because amniotomy, which is the artificial rupture of the amniotic sac, can potentially cause distress to the fetus. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to assess the fetal heart rate immediately after the procedure to ensure the well-being of the baby.

Polyhydramnios is the excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid in the uterus during pregnancy. This condition can be indicative of a congenital gastrointestinal (GI) anomaly because it can be caused by abnormalities in the fetus's ability to swallow or absorb amniotic fluid. These abnormalities can be associated with GI anomalies such as esophageal atresia, duodenal atresia, or intestinal obstruction. Therefore, Nurse Judy recognizes that polyhydramnios can be a sign of a congenital GI anomaly.

Rubella immunization is contraindicated during pregnancy due to the potential risk of causing harm to the developing fetus. It is recommended to administer the vaccine after the delivery of the baby to ensure the safety of both the mother and the child.

The best position for Jose after undergoing thoracentesis is side lying on the unaffected side. This position helps to promote drainage of fluid or air from the affected side and prevents any further complications. It allows for better lung expansion and improves breathing. Additionally, side lying on the unaffected side also helps to relieve any discomfort or pain that Jose may be experiencing.

The correct answer is -15c to -25c. This temperature range is necessary to maintain the potency of the measles and OPV vaccines. Vaccines are sensitive to temperature, and if they are not stored within the recommended range, their effectiveness can be compromised. The low temperature range helps to prevent the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms that can spoil the vaccines. It also helps to maintain the stability of the vaccine components, ensuring that they remain effective when administered to individuals.

The given answer correctly explains that a community/public health bag is an essential and indispensable equipment for a community health nurse during home visits. It emphasizes that the bag contains drugs and equipment necessary for the nurse to perform their duties effectively. The answer also highlights that the bag is a requirement both in the health center and for home visits, indicating its importance in providing healthcare services. Overall, the answer provides a clear and concise explanation of the definition and significance of a community/public health bag.

Diazepam (Valium) is commonly used during cocaine withdrawal to help manage the symptoms of anxiety, agitation, and insomnia. It belongs to a class of medications called benzodiazepines, which work by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. This helps to calm the individual and reduce the intensity of withdrawal symptoms. Haloperidol (Haldol) is an antipsychotic medication used to treat conditions like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but it is not typically used during cocaine withdrawal. Imipramine (Tofranil) is an antidepressant and Benztropine (Cogentin) is primarily used to treat the side effects of antipsychotic medications.

Antipsychotics are a class of medications that are commonly used to treat psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. They work by blocking certain neurotransmitters in the brain, which helps to reduce symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. Ataractics or psychic energizers are alternative names for antipsychotics, highlighting their ability to calm and stabilize individuals with psychotic symptoms. While antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications also have a role in treating mental health conditions, they are not specifically referred to as ataractics or psychic energizers.

Diphtheria is caused by a bacterial infection from Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The bacteria produce a toxin that affects the respiratory system and can lead to severe complications. Therefore, the correct answer is "Bacterial toxin" as it accurately describes the cause of the disease.

Inductive reasoning involves making generalizations based on specific observations or patterns. In this case, the researcher is making a generalization about an individual's behavior based on their observations. This aligns with the concept of inductive reasoning, where specific instances are used to draw broader conclusions. Logical and deductive reasoning involve using established principles or rules to arrive at conclusions, while illogical reasoning refers to reasoning that is not rational or logical. Therefore, the correct answer is inductive.

The correct answer is "After 2-4 weeks." This is because the third postpartum visit is typically scheduled for 2-4 weeks after delivery. During this visit, the public health nurse can assess the mother's physical and emotional well-being, check on the baby's growth and development, provide guidance on breastfeeding and postpartum care, and address any concerns or questions the mother may have. This visit allows for monitoring and support during the early postpartum period, helping to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and baby.

Gestalt therapy is a type of therapy that focuses on the present moment and encourages individuals to fully experience and accept their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. It emphasizes self-awareness and personal responsibility, aiming to help individuals gain insight into their patterns of behavior and develop self-acceptance. By focusing on the here and now principle, Gestalt therapy helps individuals become more aware of their immediate experiences, leading to personal growth and emotional healing.

The client's objection to the use of information in their chart as evidence in court renders it inadmissible. This is because the client has the right to privacy and control over their own medical information. If they do not consent to the use of their chart, it cannot be used as evidence.

Gentian Violet is used for umbilical infections because it has antifungal and antiseptic properties. It can help to prevent and treat infections in the umbilical cord stump of newborn babies. The application of Gentian Violet helps to kill bacteria and fungi that may cause infections in the umbilical area, promoting healing and preventing further complications.

Habit training would be the most beneficial environment and interdisciplinary program for a male child with an intelligence quotient of approximately 40. Habit training focuses on developing good habits, such as self-discipline, organization, and time management, which can greatly improve the child's functioning and independence. This program would provide structured routines and consistent reinforcement to help the child learn and practice these habits in a supportive and nurturing environment. It would aim to enhance the child's overall development and enable them to become more self-sufficient in their daily life activities.

By the age of 6 years, a child is typically able to brush their teeth without assistance. At this age, they have developed the necessary motor skills and coordination to effectively brush their teeth on their own. It is important for parents to still supervise and guide their child's brushing routine to ensure proper technique and thorough cleaning.

The common characteristic of autism child is withdrawal. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects social interaction, communication, and behavior. Children with autism often exhibit difficulties in social interactions and may prefer to be alone. They may have difficulty understanding and responding to social cues, leading to withdrawal from social situations. This withdrawal can manifest as a lack of interest in interacting with others, a preference for solitary activities, and a tendency to avoid eye contact or physical touch.

The term "schedule" refers to a time table that shows the planned work days and shifts of nursing personnel. It is a systematic arrangement of tasks or events, indicating when they are supposed to occur. In the context of nursing personnel, a schedule helps in organizing and managing their work hours, ensuring proper coverage and allocation of staff. It allows for efficient planning and coordination of tasks, ensuring that the necessary staff is available at the right time to provide patient care.

Thumb opposition refers to the ability to touch the thumb to the tips of the other fingers. This is a milestone in fine motor development that typically occurs between 8-12 months of age. Since Baby Marie was born in May 1984, she would be around 9 months old in February 1985. Therefore, Nurse John can expect finger thumb opposition to be present in February 1985.

When performing Weber's test, Nurse Rosean expects that this client will hear on the affected side by bone conduction. Weber's test is used to assess for conductive hearing loss, and a positive result indicates that sound is heard more loudly in the affected ear due to the bone conduction being greater than air conduction. This suggests that there may be a blockage or issue in the affected ear that is preventing sound from being conducted properly through the air.

Based on the diagnosis of endometritis, placing the client in the semi-fowlers position would be expected. This position involves elevating the head of the bed to a 30-45 degree angle, which helps to promote drainage and reduce pressure on the pelvic area. This position can also aid in improving respiratory function and comfort for the client.

Cocaine is classified as a psycho stimulant because it acts on the central nervous system, increasing levels of dopamine in the brain. This leads to feelings of euphoria, increased energy, and heightened alertness. Cocaine also has stimulant effects on the cardiovascular system, increasing heart rate and blood pressure. Therefore, it is categorized as a psycho stimulant rather than a hallucinogen, anxiolytic, or narcotic.

During infancy, which typically refers to the first year of life, ego development begins. This is the stage where infants start to develop a sense of self and their own individuality. They begin to differentiate themselves from their caregivers and become more aware of their own needs and desires. This is a crucial period in the development of the ego, as it sets the foundation for future psychological growth and the ability to navigate the world as a separate individual.

The correct answer is 1 tsp. salt and 8 tsp. sugar. This is because the ratio of salt to sugar in homemade oresol is 1:8.

Close ended questions are questions that provide a limited set of response options for the respondent to choose from. These questions do not allow for open-ended or subjective answers, and are typically used in surveys or questionnaires to gather specific and quantifiable data. They are designed to elicit precise and measurable responses, making it easier to analyze and interpret the data collected.

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The correct answer is Lactational Amenorrhea method (LAM). This method refers to the natural infertility that occurs when a woman is breastfeeding exclusively and her menstrual cycle has not yet returned. It can provide up to 98% protection against another pregnancy if certain conditions are met, such as breastfeeding frequently and avoiding the use of pacifiers or bottles. LAM is a temporary method and its effectiveness decreases as breastfeeding frequency decreases or when the menstrual cycle returns.

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The correct answer is 2001-2002. This suggests that the first certification of nursing informatics was given during this time period.

The signs and symptoms of drinking eagerly, restlessness, and irritability indicate some dehydration. When a person is dehydrated, their body craves fluids, causing them to drink eagerly. Restlessness and irritability can also occur as a result of dehydration, as the body becomes stressed and unable to function properly without adequate hydration. While unconsciousness can be a severe symptom of dehydration, it is not specifically mentioned in the question as indicating some dehydration.

Identifying the illness is an essential part of the IMCI case management process as it helps healthcare providers determine the appropriate treatment for the child. The other options, counseling the mother, assessing the child, and treating the child, are all necessary steps in providing comprehensive care.

Ribivarin (Virazole) is not administered through an oxygen tent. It is an antiviral medication that is typically administered via inhalation as a mist or aerosol. The medication is delivered directly to the respiratory system to treat respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Therefore, the correct route of administration for Ribivarin in this case would be inhalation.

An individual/object that belongs to a general population is referred to as an element. In this context, an element represents a member or a part of a larger group or population. It could be an individual person or an object that is being studied or analyzed within the broader population. The term "element" is commonly used in statistical or research contexts to describe a specific unit within a population that is being observed or studied.

Prudence is the correct answer because raising the side rails of a confused and disoriented patient demonstrates careful and cautious decision-making. It shows that Nurse Ron is taking necessary precautions to ensure the safety and well-being of the patient. By exercising prudence, Nurse Ron is acting responsibly and responsibly handling the situation at hand.

When Nurse Clarence respects the client's self-disclosure, it demonstrates the nurse's trustworthiness. Trustworthiness refers to the ability to be relied upon and to maintain confidentiality. By respecting the client's self-disclosure, Nurse Clarence shows that they can be trusted to keep the client's information private and confidential. This behavior builds trust between the nurse and the client, creating a safe and supportive environment for the client to share their thoughts and feelings.

The primary gain of a client with anorexia nervosa is reducing anxiety. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image. Individuals with anorexia often restrict their food intake and engage in excessive exercise in order to maintain a low body weight. This behavior is driven by a desire to feel in control and alleviate anxiety. By losing weight, individuals with anorexia believe they are achieving a sense of control and reducing their anxiety levels.

Performing breast self-examination (BSE) at the same day each month is the best approach. This is because hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle can cause breast tissue to become more tender or lumpy, which may lead to false alarms or unnecessary anxiety. By performing BSE on the same day each month, Linda can establish a consistent baseline and easily detect any changes or abnormalities in her breasts. It also helps in tracking any changes over time and enables early detection of any potential issues.

Introjection is a defense mechanism where individuals internalize the beliefs, values, and attitudes of others as their own, without critically evaluating them. In the context of severe depression, clients may adopt the negative thoughts and feelings of others, such as family members or society, and incorporate them into their own self-perception. This can contribute to a sense of worthlessness and hopelessness, which are common symptoms of depression. Therefore, the nurse recognizes that clients with severe depression often utilize introjection as a defense mechanism to cope with their condition.

Promoting the elimination of carbon dioxide is the most appropriate respiratory goal for a female client with suspected intracranial pressure (ICP). Increased ICP can lead to decreased cerebral blood flow and oxygenation, which can be worsened by high levels of carbon dioxide. By promoting the elimination of carbon dioxide, the respiratory system can help maintain adequate cerebral perfusion and decrease the risk of further complications.

TT (Tetanus Toxoid) provides 90% protection against tetanus. Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection that affects the nervous system, causing muscle stiffness and spasms. The TT vaccine stimulates the body's immune system to produce antibodies against the tetanus toxin, providing immunity and reducing the risk of developing tetanus. While the vaccine is highly effective, it does not offer 100% protection, hence the correct answer is 90%.

Self-mutilation among Bipolar disorder patients is a means of overcoming feelings of insecurity. Bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme mood swings, including periods of mania and depression. During depressive episodes, individuals with Bipolar disorder often experience intense feelings of insecurity, low self-esteem, and self-doubt. By engaging in self-mutilation, they may temporarily alleviate these feelings of insecurity and gain a sense of control over their emotions. This harmful behavior provides a temporary relief from the underlying emotional pain and serves as a maladaptive coping mechanism for managing feelings of insecurity.