Principles Of Antimicrobial Therapy
The term “antimicrobial” defines an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth. Antimicrobial therapy then refers to the treatment of infectious diseases using therapy that kills these harmful microorganisms, such as antibiotics. What do you know about the practice?
- 1.
The Gram Stain is a huge help in the hospital/clinical setting?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The Gram Stain is a huge help in the hospital/clinical setting because it is a simple and quick test that helps in the identification of bacteria. It allows healthcare professionals to determine whether the bacteria present are Gram-positive or Gram-negative, which helps in selecting the appropriate treatment and antibiotics. This staining technique is widely used in microbiology laboratories and is an essential tool for diagnosing infections and guiding patient care.Rate this question:
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- 2.
SPACE Bugs that possibly need to be double covered (Check all that apply)
- A.
Enterobacter
- B.
Pseudomonas
- C.
Citrobacter
- D.
Serratia
- E.
Acinetobacter
Correct Answer(s)
A. Enterobacter
B. Pseudomonas
C. Citrobacter
D. Serratia
E. AcinetobacterExplanation
The correct answer includes all of the options listed: Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Serratia, and Acinetobacter. These are all types of bacteria that are commonly found in the environment and can cause infections in humans. Double covering refers to the practice of using two different antibiotics to treat an infection, in order to increase the chances of killing the bacteria and preventing the development of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, all of these bugs need to be double covered to effectively treat and prevent infections.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Prophylactic therapy prevents the most likely pathogen of a potential infection. (ie. malaria pills before going to Africa, abx before surgery)
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Prophylactic therapy refers to the administration of medication or treatment to prevent the occurrence of a potential infection. In this case, it is stated that prophylactic therapy prevents the most likely pathogen of a potential infection. This means that by taking the necessary precautions, such as malaria pills before traveling to Africa or antibiotics before surgery, the individual can reduce the risk of getting infected with the most common pathogen associated with that particular situation. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Empirical therapy defined
- A.
Prevention of the most likely pathogen of a potential infection
- B.
Technique used to differentiate between bacterial species based upon certain characteristics
- C.
The initiation of antimicrobials sometimes prior to documentation of the presence of infection and before the offending organism is identified
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
C. The initiation of antimicrobials sometimes prior to documentation of the presence of infection and before the offending organism is identifiedExplanation
Empirical therapy refers to the initiation of antimicrobial treatment before the presence of infection is confirmed and the specific pathogen is identified. This approach is based on the assumption that the most likely pathogen causing the infection will respond to the chosen antimicrobial agent. It is a preventive measure taken to combat potential infections and is commonly practiced when there is a high risk of infection or when the specific pathogen cannot be identified immediately.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The selection that is made in empirical therapy is based on the information gathered from the pts hx and PE and results of gram stains or of rapidly performed tests on specimens. (ie. you are treating the bacteria right away without C&S)
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Empirical therapy refers to the administration of antibiotics based on clinical judgment and available information without waiting for culture and sensitivity results. The statement suggests that the selection of empirical therapy is indeed based on information gathered from the patient's history, physical examination, and the results of rapid tests or gram stains. Therefore, the correct answer is true.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Predisposing factors include (check all that apply)
- A.
Recent hospitalizations
- B.
Work-related exposure
- C.
Economic status
- D.
Exposure of infected host
- E.
Travel
Correct Answer(s)
A. Recent hospitalizations
B. Work-related exposure
D. Exposure of infected host
E. TravelExplanation
The correct answer includes recent hospitalizations, work-related exposure, exposure of infected host, and travel as predisposing factors. These factors can increase the likelihood of being infected with a disease. Recent hospitalizations can expose individuals to various pathogens present in healthcare settings. Work-related exposure may involve contact with infectious materials or working in environments with a high risk of infection. Exposure of infected hosts refers to being in close proximity to individuals who are already infected. Traveling increases the chances of coming into contact with new pathogens or being exposed to diseases prevalent in different regions.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Cell Wall /Membrane Agents
- A.
Natural Penicillins (PCNs)
- B.
Antistaphylococcaln PCNs
- C.
Amino PCNs
- D.
Anti-pseudomonal PCNs
- E.
1st -5th Gen Cephalosporins
- F.
Carbapenems
- G.
Monobactam
- H.
Glycopeptides
- I.
Lipopeptides
- J.
Clindaymycin
- K.
Macrolides
Correct Answer(s)
A. Natural Penicillins (PCNs)
B. AntistapHylococcaln PCNs
C. Amino PCNs
D. Anti-pseudomonal PCNs
E. 1st -5th Gen CepHalosporins
F. Carbapenems
G. Monobactam
H. Glycopeptides
I. LipopeptidesExplanation
The correct answer includes a list of various types of antibiotics that target cell wall or membrane agents. These antibiotics include Natural Penicillins (PCNs), Antistaphylococcal PCNs, Amino PCNs, Anti-pseudomonal PCNs, 1st-5th Gen Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Monobactam, Glycopeptides, Lipopeptides, Clindamycin, and Macrolides. These antibiotics work by interfering with the synthesis or function of the cell wall or membrane of bacteria, leading to their destruction.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Ribosomal Agents
- A.
Clindaymycin
- B.
Macrolides
- C.
Ketolide
- D.
Oxazolidinones
- E.
Lipopeptide
- F.
Metronidazole
- G.
Aminoglycosides
- H.
Streptogramins
- I.
Tetracyclines
- J.
Tigecycline
Correct Answer(s)
A. Clindaymycin
B. Macrolides
C. Ketolide
D. Oxazolidinones
G. Aminoglycosides
H. Streptogramins
I. Tetracyclines
J. TigecyclineExplanation
The given answer consists of a list of different classes of ribosomal agents, including Clindaymycin, Macrolides, Ketolide, Oxazolidinones, Aminoglycosides, Streptogramins, Tetracyclines, and Tigecycline. These are all types of antibiotics that work by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria by targeting the ribosomes. Each class of ribosomal agent has a unique mechanism of action and spectrum of activity against different types of bacteria. Therefore, the given answer is a comprehensive list of various ribosomal agents used in the treatment of bacterial infections.Rate this question:
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- 9.
RNA/DNA Action Agents
- A.
Ketolide
- B.
Tigecycline
- C.
Metronidazole
- D.
2nd-4th Gen Fluoroquinolones
- E.
Rifampin
- F.
Sulfmethoxazole-Trimethoprim
Correct Answer(s)
C. Metronidazole
D. 2nd-4th Gen Fluoroquinolones
E. Rifampin
F. Sulfmethoxazole-TrimethoprimExplanation
Metronidazole, 2nd-4th Gen Fluoroquinolones, Rifampin, and Sulfmethoxazole-Trimethoprim are all examples of RNA/DNA action agents. These agents work by interfering with the replication and transcription processes of DNA and RNA, ultimately inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria. Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic that disrupts the DNA structure, leading to DNA strand breakage and cell death. 2nd-4th Gen Fluoroquinolones inhibit the activity of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for DNA replication and repair. Rifampin acts by inhibiting bacterial RNA polymerase, preventing the synthesis of RNA. Sulfmethoxazole-Trimethoprim inhibits the synthesis of bacterial DNA by blocking the enzymes involved in folic acid metabolism.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Antibiotics that are NOT for pediatric use or pregnancy
- A.
Quinolones
- B.
Tetracyclines
- C.
Only A
- D.
Only B
- E.
A & B
Correct Answer
E. A & BExplanation
The correct answer is A & B. Quinolones and Tetracyclines are both antibiotics that are not recommended for pediatric use or during pregnancy. Quinolones can cause damage to developing bones and cartilage in children, while tetracyclines can affect tooth development and can cross the placenta, potentially harming the developing fetus. Therefore, it is important to avoid these antibiotics in these populations to prevent potential harm.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Check all that apply to the IV ---> PO switch
- A.
Hemodynamically stable
- B.
Improving clinically
- C.
Able to ingest medications
- D.
Can walk on their own
- E.
Exhibit a normal functioning GI tract
Correct Answer(s)
A. Hemodynamically stable
B. Improving clinically
C. Able to ingest medications
E. Exhibit a normal functioning GI tractExplanation
The IV to PO switch refers to transitioning a patient from receiving medication intravenously to taking it orally. In order for this switch to be appropriate, the patient should be hemodynamically stable, meaning their blood circulation and vital signs are within normal limits. Additionally, the patient should be improving clinically, indicating that their condition is getting better. They should also be able to ingest medications orally, suggesting that they can swallow pills or liquid medications. Lastly, the patient should exhibit a normal functioning GI tract, meaning they do not have any gastrointestinal issues that would prevent proper absorption of oral medications.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Antimicrobial Stewardship involves selecting an appropriate drug and optimizes its dose and duration to cure an infection while minimizing toxicity and conditions for selection of resistant bacterial strains.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Antimicrobial Stewardship is a practice that focuses on the appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs. It involves selecting the right drug for a specific infection and ensuring that it is given at the correct dose and for the appropriate duration. This approach aims to effectively treat the infection while minimizing the risk of toxicity and the development of drug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, the statement that Antimicrobial Stewardship involves selecting an appropriate drug and optimizing its dose and duration to cure an infection while minimizing toxicity and conditions for selection of resistant bacterial strains is true.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Sep 18, 2012Quiz Created by
Jces06
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