1.
____________ is writing step-by-step instructions telling the computer exactly what you want it to do.
Correct Answer
B. Programming
Explanation
Programming is the correct answer because it involves writing step-by-step instructions to communicate with the computer and tell it what tasks to perform. This process allows the programmer to create a set of instructions, known as a program, that the computer can follow to execute specific tasks or solve problems. Programming involves using programming languages, such as C++, Java, or Python, to write these instructions and create software applications or systems.
2.
A collection of instructions that tell the computer what to do is known as a program. The instructions, written in a specific programming language, is known as the ____________.
Correct Answer
C. Source code
Explanation
The collection of instructions that tell the computer what to do is known as a program. These instructions are written in a specific programming language and are referred to as source code. Source code is the human-readable form of the program that is then translated into machine code for the computer to execute.
3.
Essentially, computers really understand only one language, which consists of zeroes and ones, also known as
____________
.
Correct Answer
A. Machine language
Explanation
Computers understand machine language, which consists of zeroes and ones. Machine language is the lowest level of programming language and is directly executed by the computer's hardware. It is the language in which computer instructions and data are represented and processed. Other programming languages, such as COBOL and FORTRAN, are higher-level languages that are translated into machine language before being executed by the computer. Therefore, the correct answer is machine language.
4.
What are the three crucial ingredients that every programmer needs?
Correct Answer
B. Desire, Curiosity and Imagination
Explanation
Every programmer needs a strong desire to learn and solve problems, as this will drive their motivation and determination. Curiosity is also important, as it encourages programmers to explore new ideas and seek innovative solutions. Lastly, imagination is crucial for programmers to think creatively and come up with unique approaches to coding challenges.
5.
Assembly language offers the following two distinct advantages over machine language:
Correct Answer
A. Assembly language is easier to read, and write than machine language.
Explanation
Assembly language is easier to read and write than machine language because it uses mnemonic codes and symbols that are easier for humans to understand and remember. Machine language, on the other hand, uses binary code that consists of 0s and 1s, which is difficult for humans to interpret and work with directly. Assembly language provides a more user-friendly and intuitive way to program and communicate with the computer's hardware. It allows programmers to write instructions using English-like commands and symbols, making it more accessible and efficient for development and debugging processes.
6.
____________ are programming languages that look more like ordinary human languages.
Correct Answer
C. High-level programming languages
Explanation
High-level programming languages are programming languages that are designed to be easily readable and understandable by humans. They use natural language elements and syntax that resemble everyday human language, making it easier for programmers to write and understand code. Examples of high-level programming languages include Python, Java, and C++. These languages abstract away the complexities of low-level machine code, allowing programmers to focus on problem-solving rather than the intricacies of the computer's hardware.
7.
____________ enable programmers to design the way that they want their program to look (the user interface) and then write source code to make that user interface actually do something useful, such as display information in a window.
Correct Answer
B. RAD programming languages
Explanation
RAD (Rapid Application Development) programming languages enable programmers to design the user interface of their program and then write source code to make that user interface functional. This means that programmers can visually create the desired look and feel of their program, such as displaying information in a window, and then use the RAD programming language to implement the necessary functionality. This approach allows for faster development and prototyping compared to traditional programming languages.
8.
Some programmers felt that they needed a language that offers the power to access hardware (as does assembly language) but is easier to read, write, and modify. So they invented ____________.
Correct Answer
B. C
Explanation
Programmers felt the need for a language that combines the power of accessing hardware like assembly language with the ease of readability, writing, and modification. They invented the C programming language to fulfill this requirement. C is a high-level programming language that allows low-level access to memory and hardware, making it suitable for system programming and embedded systems development. It is known for its simplicity, efficiency, and portability, making it widely used in various domains.
9.
The main advantage of ____________ is its simplicity. To print the words “Take a nap!” on-screen, you need only the one following command: PRINT "Take a nap!"
Correct Answer
B. BASIC
Explanation
BASIC is the correct answer because it is a programming language known for its simplicity. In BASIC, to print the words "Take a nap!" on-screen, you only need the command PRINT "Take a nap!". This language is often used for beginners and for quick prototyping due to its easy-to-understand syntax and straightforward commands.
10.
Programming languages such as C++, BASIC, and Pascal were designed as ____________ languages, which means that you can use them to write a flight simulator, an accounting program, a voice-recognition program, or a word processor.
Correct Answer
A. General-purpose
Explanation
Programming languages such as C++, BASIC, and Pascal are considered general-purpose languages because they are designed to be versatile and can be used to develop a wide range of applications. This means that they can be used to create various types of software, such as flight simulators, accounting programs, voice-recognition programs, or word processors. General-purpose languages provide developers with the flexibility to write code for different purposes, making them suitable for a variety of applications.
11.
Most popular ____________, such as FileMaker and Microsoft Access, offer their own special programming language. For manipulating large amounts of data such as on big mainframe computers, database programs tend to use a language known as SQL (which stands for Structured Query Language).
Correct Answer
C. Database programs
Explanation
Database programs, such as FileMaker and Microsoft Access, are the most popular in this context because they offer their own special programming language. These programs are specifically designed for manipulating large amounts of data, making them ideal for use on big mainframe computers. SQL, which stands for Structured Query Language, is commonly used in database programs to interact with and retrieve data from databases.
12.
-
A ____________ language enables you to modify an existing program, such as a word processor or spreadsheet. That way, you can create sophisticated programs quickly with very little programming.
Correct Answer
D. Scripting
Explanation
A scripting language is a type of programming language that allows you to modify existing programs, like a word processor or spreadsheet, without having to write complex code from scratch. It is a high-level language that provides a simplified syntax and built-in functions, making it easier and faster to create sophisticated programs with minimal programming knowledge. Scripting languages are often used for automating tasks, creating macros, and adding functionality to existing software.
13.
____________ programming languages enable you to create Web sites that more closely resemble video games than scanned images of paper on a computer screen.
Correct Answer
A. Web-page
Explanation
Web-page programming languages enable you to create Web sites that more closely resemble video games than scanned images of paper on a computer screen. This means that these programming languages have features and capabilities that allow developers to create interactive and dynamic websites, similar to the experience of playing a video game. These languages likely have advanced graphics and animation capabilities, as well as interactive elements and user input functionality.
14.
A ____________ usually shows the user interface of the program, such as windows, pull-down menus, and dialog boxes. This may look like an actual program, but clicking menus doesn’t do anything. The whole idea is to show what the program looks like and how it acts, without taking the time to write commands to make the program actually work.
Correct Answer
A. Prototype
Explanation
A prototype usually shows the user interface of the program, such as windows, pull-down menus, and dialog boxes. This may look like an actual program, but clicking menus doesn't do anything. The whole idea is to show what the program looks like and how it acts, without taking the time to write commands to make the program actually work. A prototype is a visual representation or mock-up of the program's interface, allowing users to get a sense of its design and functionality before the actual development process begins.
15.
A ____________ takes your source code, converts the entire thing into machine language, and then stores these equivalent machine language instructions in a separate file, often known as an executable file.
A
Correct Answer
A. Compiler
Explanation
A compiler is a software tool that takes your source code and converts it into machine language instructions. These instructions are then stored in a separate file, commonly known as an executable file. The compiler essentially translates the high-level programming language into a language that the computer can understand and execute.
16.
An ____________ converts each line of your source code into machine language, one line at a time.
Correct Answer
B. Interpreter
Explanation
An interpreter is a software program that processes and executes source code line by line, converting it into machine language as it goes. Unlike a compiler, which translates the entire source code into machine language before execution, an interpreter does this on the fly, allowing for immediate execution and easier debugging.
17.
Because one program almost never runs on multiple computers without extensive modification, programmers combined the features of a compiler with an interpreter to create something called____________.
Correct Answer
D. P-code
Explanation
Programmers combined the features of a compiler with an interpreter to create something called p-code. P-code stands for "portable code" and is a representation of instructions that can be executed by a virtual machine. It allows programs to be written in a high-level language and then be translated into p-code, which can be executed on different computer architectures without the need for extensive modification. This approach increases the portability and efficiency of the program.
18.
____________ is the most popular programming language that uses p-code.
Correct Answer
B. Java
Explanation
Java is the correct answer because it is the most popular programming language that uses p-code. P-code, or portable code, is a form of intermediate code that is executed by a virtual machine. Java uses the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) to execute p-code, making it a popular choice for cross-platform development.
19.
Programs that you compile into ____________ can run without the original source code, which means that you can protect your source code and still give your program away to others.
Correct Answer
B. P-code
Explanation
P-code, or portable code, is a type of intermediate code that is generated by a compiler. It is a low-level representation of the original source code that can be executed by an interpreter or a virtual machine. P-code allows the program to run without the original source code, providing a level of protection for the source code while still allowing others to use the program.
20.
A ____________ is a special program (which may also contain bugs) that can help you track down and wipe out bugs in programs that you write.
Correct Answer
A. Debugger
Explanation
A debugger is a special program that helps track down and eliminate bugs in programs. It allows developers to step through their code, pause execution at specific points, and inspect variables and memory to identify and fix issues. Debuggers are an essential tool for software development as they assist in finding and resolving errors in the code.