Psych 135 UCLA Social Psych Shapiro Ch. 1/2
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Social psychology midterm!
- 1.
What is the observational method of psychology?
- A.
One in which every person in the population being studied has an equal chance of inclusion
- B.
Simply documents that rate or level of behavior
- C.
A study in which we observe two behaviors simultaneously to see if they correlate
Correct Answer
B. Simply documents that rate or level of behaviorExplanation
A - random sample
C - Correlational studyRate this question:
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- 2.
The correlational method has two advantages: BLANK variables and BLANK BLANK and suffers from two disadvantages: the BLANK problem and the third variable problem
Correct Answer
important natural settings directionalityExplanation
directionality problem : hard to tell which variable causes which IE Martial dissatisfaction and depression positively related
Third Variable Problem: maybe NO relation, due to third variableRate this question:
- 3.
Describe the self serving bias
- A.
Tendency to see ourselves as more favorable then we might actually be (IE biased to see ourselves as above average)
- B.
Tendency to believe you "knew it all along"
- C.
Tendency to believe we should be different every time, repeating doesn't seem random
- D.
Tendency to believe we are in control when we are not (IE heads and tails flipping
Correct Answer
A. Tendency to see ourselves as more favorable then we might actually be (IE biased to see ourselves as above average)Explanation
B - hindsight bias
C - Randomness Bias
D - Illusion of Control BiasRate this question:
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- 4.
The experimental method
- A.
The experimental factor that a researcher manipulated
- B.
The variable being measures
- C.
The only way to determine causality, the only way to rule out the directionality problem and the third variable problem
- D.
We manipulate one or two independent variables while trying to hold everything else constant
- E.
The process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment such that all persons have the same chance of being in a given conditions
Correct Answer
C. The only way to determine causality, the only way to rule out the directionality problem and the third variable problemExplanation
A - independent variable
B - dependent variable
D - control (needed in an experiment)
E - Random assignmentRate this question:
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- 5.
What is a confounding variable?
- A.
One that systematically changes along with the independent variable, potentially leading to a mistake conclusion about the effect of an independent variable
- B.
When subjects drop out of a multi-session study over time
- C.
One that depends on self-selection: who chooses to participate in your study
Correct Answer
A. One that systematically changes along with the independent variable, potentially leading to a mistake conclusion about the effect of an independent variableExplanation
B - attritionRate this question:
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- 6.
Self report doesn't always work because
- A.
They are indirect and less involving, scientists aren't interested in what you say you will do... they're interested in what you actually do!
- B.
Social desirability - you have an idea of what you are supposed to say
- C.
Sometimes we are simply wrong - we don't know of have insight into our own behaviors
- D.
All the above
Correct Answer
D. All the aboveExplanation
IE: pantyhose experimentRate this question:
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- 7.
What is the sociocultural perspective?
- A.
A rule or expectation for appropriate social behavior
- B.
The beliefs, customs, habits, and language shared by the people living in a particular time and place
- C.
Theoretical viewpoint that searches for the causes of social behavior in influences from larger social groups
Correct Answer
C. Theoretical viewpoint that searches for the causes of social behavior in influences from larger social groupsExplanation
A - social norms
B - cultureRate this question:
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- 8.
Natural selection?
- A.
A theoretical viewpoint that searches for the causes of social behavior in the physical and psychological predispositions that helped our ancestors survive and reproduce
- B.
The process by which characteristics that help animals survive and reproduce are passed on to their offspring
- C.
A characteristic that is well designed for survival and reproduction in a particular environment
Correct Answer
B. The process by which characteristics that help animals survive and reproduce are passed on to their offspringExplanation
A - evolutionary perspective
C - adaptationRate this question:
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- 9.
Social learning perspective
- A.
A theoretical viewpoint that focuses on past learning experiences as determinants of a person's social behaviors
- B.
A theoretical viewpoint that focuses on the mental processes involved in paying attention to, interpreting, and remembering social experiences
- C.
Procedure for measuring or recording behaviors, thoughts, and feelings in their natural state (including naturalistic observations, case studies, archival studies, surveys, and psych tests)
- D.
Recording everyday behaviors as they unfold in their natural settings
Correct Answer
A. A theoretical viewpoint that focuses on past learning experiences as determinants of a person's social behaviorsExplanation
B - social cognitive perspective
C - descriptive method
D - naturalistic observationRate this question:
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- 10.
Observer bias
- A.
The extent to which the findings of a particular research study extend to other similar circumstances or cases
- B.
Error introduced into measurement when an observer overemphasizes behaviors he or she expects to find and fails to notice behaviors he or she does not expect
- C.
A group of respondents having characteristics that match those of the larger population the researcher wants to describe
Correct Answer
B. Error introduced into measurement when an observer overempHasizes behaviors he or she expects to find and fails to notice behaviors he or she does not expectExplanation
A - generalizability
C - representative sampleRate this question:
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- 11.
Demand characteristic
- A.
The extent to which an experiment allows confident statements about cause and effect
- B.
The extent to which the results of an experiment can be generalized to other circumstances
- C.
Cue that makes participants aware of how the experimenter expects them to behave
- D.
The manipulation of independent variables using unknowing variables using unknowing participants in natural settings
Correct Answer
C. Cue that makes participants aware of how the experimenter expects them to behaveExplanation
The correct answer is "cue that makes participants aware of how the experimenter expects them to behave". This refers to demand characteristic, which is a cue or clue that participants pick up on during an experiment, leading them to behave in a way that they believe is expected of them. This can occur consciously or unconsciously and can influence the results of the experiment, as participants may alter their behavior to match their perception of the experimenter's expectations.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What is the "interactionist perspective"?
- A.
Features or characteristics that individuals carry into social situations
- B.
Behavior plus person
- C.
Environmental events or circumstances outside the person
- D.
Drives us toward desires outcomes
- E.
A desired outcome
Correct Answer
B. Behavior plus personExplanation
A - person
C- situation
D - motivation
E - goalRate this question:
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- 13.
The ability of a behavior or cognitive process to operate without conscious guidance once it's put into motion, a type of processing- well practices- limited attention
Correct Answer
automaticityExplanation
Automaticity refers to the ability of a behavior or cognitive process to operate without conscious guidance once it has been learned and put into motion. This means that the behavior or cognitive process becomes automatic and does not require conscious effort or attention to perform. It is a type of processing that is well-practiced and does not require significant attention.Rate this question:
- 14.
"explicit" thinking that is deliberate, reflective, and conscious; ironic effects of thought suppression --> "rebound effect" IE don't think about white bears
Correct Answer
controlled processingExplanation
The concept of "explicit" thinking refers to deliberate, reflective, and conscious thought processes. When someone tries to suppress certain thoughts, it often leads to ironic effects known as the "rebound effect," where the suppressed thoughts come back even stronger. This phenomenon can be explained by the concept of "controlled processing," which refers to the intentional and effortful mental processes involved in thought suppression. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is "controlled processing."Rate this question:
- 15.
Will power
- A.
The self-control strength used to overcome counterproductive impulses to achieve difficult goals
- B.
A mental representation capturing our views and beliefs about ourselves. The answers to the question "who am ?"
- C.
A mental representation of a specific episode, event, or individual
- D.
A mental representation capturing the general characteristics of a particular class of episodes, events or individuals
Correct Answer
A. The self-control strength used to overcome counterproductive impulses to achieve difficult goalsExplanation
B - self concept
C - exemplar
D - schemaRate this question:
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- 16.
How do we acquire info about ourselves?
- A.
Reflected appraisal process
- B.
Looking in the mirror
- C.
Social comparison
- D.
Loving ourselves
Correct Answer(s)
A. Reflected appraisal process
C. Social comparisonExplanation
The correct answer is reflected appraisal process and social comparison. These two processes help us acquire information about ourselves. Reflected appraisal process refers to how we develop our self-concept based on the feedback and evaluations we receive from others. Social comparison involves comparing ourselves to others in order to evaluate our own abilities, traits, and attitudes. Both processes play a significant role in shaping our self-perception and understanding of ourselves.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The process through people come to know themselves by observing or imagining how others view them:
Correct Answer(s)
looking glass selfExplanation
The looking glass self refers to the concept in sociology where individuals develop their sense of self by imagining how others perceive them. This process involves observing the reactions and feedback from others and using that information to form an understanding of one's own identity. It suggests that our self-image is shaped by the social interactions and judgments of others, and that we often see ourselves through the eyes of others. This concept highlights the importance of social interaction in the formation of self-identity.Rate this question:
- 18.
Social comparison
- A.
The process of comparing ourselves with those who are less well of
- B.
The process of comparing ourselves with those who are better off than ourselves
- C.
Come to know ourselves by comparing abilities, attitudes, and beliefs with those of others
Correct Answer
C. Come to know ourselves by comparing abilities, attitudes, and beliefs with those of othersExplanation
A - downward social comparison
B - upward social comparisonRate this question:
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- 19.
Effects of social comparison: assimilation and
Correct Answer
contrastExplanation
Social comparison refers to the process of evaluating oneself by comparing one's abilities, opinions, and attributes to others. The effects of social comparison can be categorized into assimilation and contrast. Assimilation occurs when individuals perceive themselves as similar to others, leading to a convergence of opinions and behaviors. On the other hand, contrast occurs when individuals perceive themselves as different from others, resulting in a divergence of opinions and behaviors. Therefore, the correct answer, "contrast," refers to one of the effects of social comparison where individuals perceive themselves as different from others.Rate this question:
- 20.
Judgement of self changes to become more similar to the target (IE thinking about an extremely smart peer makes you feel smarter than you did before)
Correct Answer
assimilationExplanation
Assimilation refers to the process in which an individual's judgment of themselves changes to become more similar to a specific target. This means that when someone thinks about a highly intelligent peer, they may start to perceive themselves as smarter than they did before. Assimilation involves incorporating the qualities or attributes of the target into one's self-concept, leading to a shift in self-perception.Rate this question:
- 21.
Judgment of self changes to become more different from the target (IE thinking about an extremely smart peer makes you feel dumber than you did before)
Correct Answer
contrastExplanation
When we compare ourselves to someone who is extremely smart, it often leads to a contrast effect. This means that our judgment of ourselves changes and we perceive ourselves as being less intelligent or capable in comparison to the target person. The contrast effect occurs because the difference between our own abilities and those of the target person becomes more apparent, causing us to feel dumber than we did before. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is "contrast".Rate this question:
- 22.
Self perception
- A.
The tendency for intrinsic motivation to diminish for activities that have become associated with reward or other extrinsic factors
- B.
Stepping outside or ourselves, or the process through which people observe their own behavior to infer their own internal characteristics such as traits, abilities and attitudes
- C.
Current psychological state and thoughts
- D.
A set of norms that defines how people in a given social position out to behave
Correct Answer
B. Stepping outside or ourselves, or the process through which people observe their own behavior to infer their own internal characteristics such as traits, abilities and attitudesExplanation
A - over justification effect
C - feelings
D - social rolesRate this question:
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- 23.
Priming
- A.
The process of activating knowledge or goals, of making them ready for use
- B.
Favorable or unfavorable evaluations of a particular person, object, event or idea
- C.
Relatively intense feelings characterized by physiological arousal and complex cognitions
- D.
Relatively long-lasting feelings that are diffuse and not directed toward particular targets
Correct Answer
A. The process of activating knowledge or goals, of making them ready for useExplanation
B - attitudes
C - emotions
D - moodsRate this question:
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- 24.
The process of imagining alternative "might have been" versions of actual events
Correct Answer
counterfactual thinkingExplanation
Counterfactual thinking refers to the mental process of imagining alternative scenarios or "might have been" versions of actual events. It involves considering what could have happened if different choices or actions were made. This type of thinking helps individuals reflect on past experiences, evaluate their decisions, and explore different outcomes. It can also influence emotions and behavior by highlighting regrets, feelings of relief, or lessons learned from the imagined alternatives.Rate this question:
- 25.
Self-regulation
- A.
An opportunity or threat provided by a situation
- B.
The process though which we try to control the impressions people for of us
- C.
The process through which people select, monitor and adjust their strategies in an attempt to reach their goals
Correct Answer
C. The process through which people select, monitor and adjust their strategies in an attempt to reach their goalsExplanation
A - affordances
B - self presentationRate this question:
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Jul 27, 2023Quiz Edited by
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May 02, 2010Quiz Created by
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