PTA Exam-1
Preparation for PTA licensing exam
- 1.
A 32-year-old male Portuguese descent is referred to physical therapy for instruction in a home exercise program. The physician referral indicates that the patient is approved for one visit. What is the likelihood the patient will comprehend the home exercise program in the allotted time?
- A.
The patient will require external assistance such as the use of an interpreter to comprehend the home exercise program.
- B.
The patient will comprehend the home exercise program
- C.
The patient will not be able to comprehend the home exercise program
- D.
The therapist cannot make a prediction based on the supplied information
Correct Answer
D. The therapist cannot make a prediction based on the supplied informationExplanation
The given information does not provide any details about the patient's language proficiency, education level, or cognitive abilities. Without this information, it is not possible to accurately predict whether the patient will comprehend the home exercise program in the allotted time. Therefore, the therapist cannot make a prediction based on the supplied information.Rate this question:
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- 2.
A patient diagnosed with C5 quadriplegia receives physical therapy services in a rehabilitation hospital. The patient has made good progress in therapy and is scheduled for discharge in one week. During a treatment session the patient informs the physical therapist assistant that one day in the future he will walk again. The most appropriate therapist response is:
- A.
Your level of injury makes walking unrealistic.
- B.
Future advances in spinal cord research may make your goal a reality.
- C.
You can have a rewarding life even if confined to a wheelchair.
- D.
Completing your exercises on a regular basis will help you to walk.
Correct Answer
B. Future advances in spinal cord research may make your goal a reality.Explanation
The correct answer suggests that future advances in spinal cord research may make the patient's goal of walking again a reality. This response acknowledges the patient's hope and optimism while also providing information about the potential for advancements in medical research that could potentially lead to improved treatments for spinal cord injuries.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A physical therapist assistant prepares a presentation on preseason conditioning for a group of high school athletes. To maximize the effectiveness of the presentation the therapist should:
- A.
Develop specific learning objectives
- B.
Utilize a variety of audiovisual equipment
- C.
Assess the needs of the target audience
- D.
Provide a typewritten outline
Correct Answer
C. Assess the needs of the target audienceExplanation
To maximize the effectiveness of the presentation, it is important for the physical therapist assistant to assess the needs of the target audience. By understanding the specific needs, interests, and knowledge level of the high school athletes, the therapist can tailor the presentation to effectively address their concerns and provide relevant information. This will ensure that the athletes are engaged and able to understand and apply the preseason conditioning concepts being presented. Developing specific learning objectives, utilizing audiovisual equipment, and providing a typewritten outline are all important elements of a successful presentation, but assessing the needs of the target audience is the most crucial step in ensuring its effectiveness.Rate this question:
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- 4.
A physical therapist assistant treats a patient referred to physical therapy diagnosed with a medial collateral ligament sprain. During the treatment session the patient appears to be relaxed and comfortable, however is extremely withdrawn. Which of the following questions would be the most appropriate to further engage the patient?
- A.
Is this the first time you have injured your knee?
- B.
Have you ever been to physical therapy before?
- C.
How long after your injury did you see a physician?
- D.
What do you hope to achieve in physical therapy?
Correct Answer
D. What do you hope to achieve in pHysical therapy?Explanation
The question "What do you hope to achieve in physical therapy?" would be the most appropriate to further engage the patient. This question allows the patient to express their goals and expectations for their physical therapy treatment, which can help the therapist understand their motivations and tailor the treatment plan accordingly. It also encourages the patient to open up and actively participate in their own care, promoting a sense of empowerment and collaboration between the therapist and the patient.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A physical therapist and a physical therapist assistant treat a patient one day status post posterior hip dislocation. The injury was treated using closed reduction. As part of the treatment session the therapists educate the patient on hip precautions to avoid the recurrence of dislocation and implement an exercise program including gluteal sets, quadriceps sets, hamstrings sets, ankle pumps, upper extremity exercises and bed mobility. Which activity would be the most essential for the physical therapy session the following day?
- A.
Review the exercise program
- B.
Initiate straight leg raises
- C.
Begin ambulation activities
- D.
Start active-assisted range of motion
Correct Answer
A. Review the exercise programExplanation
The most essential activity for the physical therapy session the following day would be to review the exercise program. This is important because it allows the therapist to assess the patient's understanding of the exercises and ensure they are performing them correctly. It also provides an opportunity to make any necessary adjustments or modifications to the program based on the patient's progress or any new developments in their condition.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A physical therapist assistant prepares to instruct a patient in a three-point gait pattern using axillary crutches. The most appropriate initial step to facilitate patient learning is to:
- A.
Distinguish a three-point gait pattern from other gait patterns
- B.
Demonstrate a three-point gait pattern
- C.
Provide the patient with direct feedback on his/her performance
- D.
Provide a written handout which illustrates the use of a three-point gait pattern
Correct Answer
B. Demonstrate a three-point gait patternExplanation
The most appropriate initial step to facilitate patient learning is to demonstrate a three-point gait pattern. This allows the patient to visually see the correct technique and understand how it should be performed. By demonstrating the gait pattern, the physical therapist assistant can also address any questions or concerns the patient may have, ensuring that they have a clear understanding before attempting the technique themselves. This hands-on approach is an effective way to engage the patient and promote learning.Rate this question:
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- 7.
A physical therapist assistant treats a 26-year-old male with complete C6 tetraplegia. During treatment the patient makes a culturally insensitive remark that the therapist feels is offensive. The most appropriate therapist action is to:
- A.
Document the incident in the medical record
- B.
Transfer the patient to another therapists schedule
- C.
Discharge the patient from physical therapy
- D.
Inform the patient that the remark was offensive and continue with treatment
Correct Answer
D. Inform the patient that the remark was offensive and continue with treatmentExplanation
The most appropriate action for the therapist is to inform the patient that the remark was offensive and continue with treatment. This allows the therapist to address the issue directly and educate the patient about the impact of their remarks. It also provides an opportunity for the therapist to establish boundaries and promote a respectful therapeutic relationship. Documenting the incident in the medical record may be necessary for documentation purposes, but it should not be the only action taken. Transferring or discharging the patient may not be necessary if the issue can be addressed through communication and education.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A physical therapist assistant explains to a patient the benefits of using electrical stimulation for muscle reeducation. The patient appears to understand the therapists explanation, however seems extremely frightened and asks the therapist not to use the electrical device. The most appropriate therapist action is to:
- A.
Reassure the patient that the electrical stimulation will not be harmful
- B.
Use only small amounts of current
- C.
Select another appropriate treatment technique
- D.
Discharge the patient from physical therapy
Correct Answer
C. Select another appropriate treatment techniqueExplanation
The most appropriate therapist action is to select another appropriate treatment technique. Since the patient is extremely frightened and asks the therapist not to use the electrical device, it is important for the therapist to respect the patient's feelings and find an alternative treatment technique that the patient is comfortable with. This ensures that the patient's fears and concerns are addressed while still providing effective treatment.Rate this question:
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- 9.
A physical therapist assistant instructs a patient diagnosed with rotator cuff tendonitis in a home exercise program. The most important consideration when designing a home exercise program is to:
- A.
Focus the program on the individual needs of the patient
- B.
Limit the length of the program to ten minutes
- C.
Provide written instructions that detail the frequency and duration of each exercise
- D.
Limit the amount of equipment required to complete the program
Correct Answer
A. Focus the program on the individual needs of the patientExplanation
The most important consideration when designing a home exercise program is to focus the program on the individual needs of the patient. This is because every patient is unique and may have different abilities, limitations, and goals. By tailoring the program to the specific needs of the patient, the physical therapist assistant can ensure that the exercises are appropriate and effective for their condition. This personalized approach can help optimize the patient's progress and prevent further injury.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A physical therapist assistant is growing more and more disenchanted with her current job because she is responsible for an unfair proportion of the current patient load. An appropriate response to this situation would be:
- A.
Explain your present situation to the board of directors
- B.
Confront other staff members and inform them that you are being treated unfairly
- C.
Communicate directly with the supervising physical therapist and relay your concerns
- D.
Refrain from addressing the topic since you will be labeled a troublemaker
Correct Answer
C. Communicate directly with the supervising pHysical therapist and relay your concernsExplanation
The appropriate response in this situation is to communicate directly with the supervising physical therapist and relay your concerns. By doing so, the physical therapist assistant can express their dissatisfaction with the unfair proportion of the patient load and discuss possible solutions or adjustments. This approach allows for open and direct communication with the person who has the authority to address the issue and potentially resolve it.Rate this question:
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- 11.
A physical therapist assistant performs a number of manual muscle tests on a patient diagnosed with an incomplete spinal cord injury. The results of the testing should be recorded in the _____ section of the S.O.A.P. note?
- A.
Subjective
- B.
Objective
- C.
Assessment
- D.
Plan
Correct Answer
B. ObjectiveExplanation
In the context of a S.O.A.P. note, the results of manual muscle tests performed by a physical therapist assistant on a patient with an incomplete spinal cord injury should be recorded in the Objective section. The Objective section of a S.O.A.P. note is where objective and measurable information, such as physical examination findings and test results, are documented. This section focuses on the facts and observations made during the assessment, without any subjective interpretation or opinions. Therefore, recording the results of the muscle tests in the Objective section is the most appropriate choice.Rate this question:
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- 12.
In what section of a S.O.A.P. note would the following entry belong? Patient is not functional in activities of daily living due to lower extremity muscle weakness. Wife is unable to care for spouse at present level of functioning.
- A.
Subjective
- B.
Objective
- C.
Assessment
- D.
Plan
Correct Answer
C. AssessmentExplanation
The given entry belongs in the Assessment section of a S.O.A.P. note because it provides an evaluation and analysis of the patient's condition. The entry states that the patient is not functional in activities of daily living due to lower extremity muscle weakness and that the wife is unable to care for the spouse at the present level of functioning. This information helps to assess the patient's overall condition and determine the appropriate course of action or treatment plan.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Physical therapist assistants often ask questions of patients during exercise activities. Questions asked should not lead the patient.
- A.
Does this increase your pain?
- B.
Does this alter your pain in any way?
- C.
Does your pain increase at night?
- D.
Does your pain decrease with activity?
Correct Answer
B. Does this alter your pain in any way?Explanation
Physical therapist assistants often ask questions of patients during exercise activities to gather information about the patient's pain and how it is affected by the activity. However, it is important that the questions asked do not lead the patient or suggest a specific answer. By asking "Does this alter your pain in any way?", the physical therapist assistant is allowing the patient to provide an open and unbiased response about how the exercise is affecting their pain. This question does not imply any specific outcome and allows the patient to express their own experience.Rate this question:
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- 14.
S.O.A.P. notes are a common form of documentation in a variety of health care settings. Which of the following would not be found in the objective section of a S.O.A.P. note?
- A.
Measurement of pertinent changes in mental status
- B.
Description of present treatment
- C.
Vital sign measurements
- D.
Short and long-term goals
Correct Answer
D. Short and long-term goalsExplanation
In a S.O.A.P. note, the objective section typically includes measurable and observable information about the patient's condition. This may include vital sign measurements, such as blood pressure and heart rate, as well as any pertinent changes in mental status. The description of present treatment would also be included in this section, providing details about the current interventions being used for the patient. However, short and long-term goals are typically part of the assessment or plan sections of the note, where the healthcare provider outlines the goals and objectives for the patient's care.Rate this question:
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- 15.
A male physical therapist assistant prepares to treat a female patient using a soft tissue massage technique. The therapist would like to ensure that the patient does not misinterpret the purpose of the treatment technique. The most appropriate action is to:
- A.
Transfer the patient to another therapists schedule
- B.
Request a female staff member to be present during treatment
- C.
Select another less invasive technique
- D.
Discharge the patient from physical therapy
Correct Answer
B. Request a female staff member to be present during treatmentExplanation
The most appropriate action in this situation is to request a female staff member to be present during treatment. This is important to ensure the comfort and safety of the patient, as well as to prevent any potential misinterpretation of the therapist's intentions. Having a female staff member present can help create a more comfortable and professional environment for the patient, and provide reassurance that the treatment is being conducted appropriately.Rate this question:
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- 16.
A physical therapist assistant provides an in-service to the rehabilitation department on the Americans with Disabilities Act. Which of the following individuals would not be covered under the act?
- A.
A 28-year-old with a documented learning disability
- B.
A 46-year-old with severe mental retardation
- C.
A 14-year-old that is blind
- D.
A 36-year-old homosexual
Correct Answer
D. A 36-year-old homosexualExplanation
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in various areas of public life. However, the act does not specifically cover sexual orientation as a protected category. While the act protects individuals with documented learning disabilities, severe mental retardation, and blindness, it does not provide the same protections for individuals based on their sexual orientation. Therefore, a 36-year-old homosexual would not be covered under the Americans with Disabilities Act.Rate this question:
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- 17.
A risk management committee identifies several examples of physical therapy malpractice. Which of the following would not be considered a potentially negligent act?
- A.
Failure to follow a physicians order
- B.
Application of faculty equipment
- C.
Sexual misconduct
- D.
Failure to achieve an established long-term goal
Correct Answer
D. Failure to achieve an established long-term goalExplanation
Failure to achieve an established long-term goal would not be considered a potentially negligent act because it does not involve any direct harm or misconduct towards a patient. It may be a sign of incompetence or poor performance, but it does not fall under the category of physical therapy malpractice or negligence.Rate this question:
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- 18.
An attorney contacts you by phone and requests specific information on a patient he claims to represent. Questions asked include the extent of the patients disability and her willingness to return to work. The most appropriate response would be to:
- A.
Answer the questions asked by the attorney
- B.
Refer the attorney to the supervising physical therapist
- C.
Tell the attorney not to bother you at work
- D.
Instruct the attorney to complete the necessary paperwork and a copy of the patients physical therapy records will be sent
Correct Answer
B. Refer the attorney to the supervising pHysical therapistExplanation
The most appropriate response would be to refer the attorney to the supervising physical therapist. As a non-medical professional, it is not within your scope of practice to provide specific information about a patient's disability or willingness to return to work. The supervising physical therapist is better equipped to handle such inquiries and can provide the necessary information while ensuring patient privacy and confidentiality.Rate this question:
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- 19.
An employee with a disclosed disability informs her employer that she is unable to perform an essential function of her job unless her workstation is modified. Which of the following would provide the employer with a legitimate reason for not granting the employees request?
- A.
The accommodation would cost hundreds of dollars
- B.
The accommodation would require an expansion of the employees present workstation.
- C.
The accommodation would fundamentally alter the operation of the business
- D.
The accommodation would not address the needs of other employees
Correct Answer
C. The accommodation would fundamentally alter the operation of the businessExplanation
The employer would have a legitimate reason for not granting the employee's request if the accommodation would fundamentally alter the operation of the business. This means that the modification requested by the employee would significantly change the way the business operates, potentially causing disruption or hindering its ability to function effectively.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Physical therapist assistants often encounter ethical issues in their daily clinical practice. Which of the following would be the most appropriate initial step when faced with an ethical dilemma?
- A.
Determine an action plan
- B.
Seek external support
- C.
Gather relevant information
- D.
Complete the action plan
Correct Answer
C. Gather relevant informationExplanation
When faced with an ethical dilemma, the most appropriate initial step for a physical therapist assistant would be to gather relevant information. This is important because it allows the assistant to fully understand the situation and the factors involved before making any decisions or taking any actions. By gathering relevant information, the assistant can gather all the necessary facts, consider different perspectives, and make an informed and ethical decision. This step helps ensure that the assistant has a comprehensive understanding of the situation and can make the best possible decision.Rate this question:
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- 21.
A 12-year-old female that became anoxic in a near drowning performs dynamic activities in quadruped. The next posture to attain in the developmental sequence is:
- A.
Half kneeling
- B.
Tall kneeling
- C.
Plantigrade
- D.
Standing
Correct Answer
B. Tall kneelingExplanation
Based on the given information, the 12-year-old female experienced anoxia in a near drowning incident. Anoxia refers to a lack of oxygen supply to the body's tissues. As a result, the individual may have experienced neurological damage, which can impact their motor skills and developmental sequence. In the developmental sequence, the next posture to attain after performing dynamic activities in quadruped is tall kneeling. This suggests that the individual is progressing in their motor development, gradually moving towards more complex postures and movements.Rate this question:
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- 22.
A 55-year-old female diagnosed with a right hip intertrochanteric fracture is eight weeks status post open reduction and internal fixation with a plate and pinning. The patient has pain with active hip flexion and abduction. Acceptable modalities for this patient would include all of the following except:
- A.
Hot packs
- B.
Whirlpool
- C.
Short wave diathermy
- D.
Pulsed US
Correct Answer
C. Short wave diathermyExplanation
Short wave diathermy is not an acceptable modality for a patient with a right hip intertrochanteric fracture who is eight weeks post-surgery. Short wave diathermy uses high-frequency electromagnetic waves to generate heat deep within tissues, which can increase blood flow and promote tissue healing. However, in this case, the patient is experiencing pain with active hip flexion and abduction, indicating that there may still be inflammation and tissue damage present. Applying heat through short wave diathermy could exacerbate the inflammation and potentially delay the healing process. Therefore, short wave diathermy should be avoided in this situation.Rate this question:
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- 23.
A 72-year-old female involved in a motor vehicle accident fractures the middle third of her femoral shaft. The patients physician is concerned about the effects of prolonged bedrest and would like the patient to begin walking as soon as possible. Which form of treatment would facilitate early weight bearing through the involved extremity?
- A.
Immobilization in a hip spica cast
- B.
Internal fixation with an intramedullary nail
- C.
External mobilization
- D.
Skeletal traction
Correct Answer
B. Internal fixation with an intramedullary nailExplanation
Internal fixation with an intramedullary nail is the most appropriate treatment option to facilitate early weight bearing through the involved extremity. This surgical procedure involves inserting a metal rod into the medullary canal of the femur to stabilize the fracture. It allows for early mobilization and weight bearing, which helps prevent the negative effects of prolonged bedrest such as muscle wasting, joint stiffness, and decreased bone density. Immobilization in a hip spica cast, external mobilization, and skeletal traction would not provide the same level of stability and early weight bearing as internal fixation with an intramedullary nail.Rate this question:
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- 24.
A patient is limited to 55 degrees in an active straight leg raise. A physical therapist assistant should apply the contract-relax technique to the _____ to improve the patients active range of motion?
- A.
Abductors and hip flexors
- B.
Hamstrings and hip extensors
- C.
Quadriceps and hip flexors
- D.
Adductors and hip extensors
Correct Answer
B. Hamstrings and hip extensorsExplanation
The contract-relax technique is a stretching technique that involves contracting the target muscle group for a few seconds and then relaxing it, which can help improve the range of motion. In this case, the patient is limited in an active straight leg raise, which involves hip flexion. The hamstrings and hip extensors are the muscles responsible for hip extension, so by applying the contract-relax technique to these muscles, the physical therapist assistant can help improve the patient's active range of motion in hip flexion.Rate this question:
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- 25.
A patient positioned in kneeling works on weight shifting activities. Which stage of control is demonstrated with this activity?
- A.
Mobility
- B.
Stability
- C.
Controlled mobility
- D.
Skill
Correct Answer
C. Controlled mobilityExplanation
The patient positioned in kneeling is demonstrating controlled mobility. Controlled mobility is the ability to move within a stable base of support while maintaining postural control. In this activity, the patient is working on weight shifting, which requires the ability to shift their weight while maintaining stability in the kneeling position. This demonstrates controlled mobility as they are able to move their body while maintaining control and stability.Rate this question:
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- 26.
A patient rehabilitating from a lower extremity injury is referred to physical therapy for hydrotherapy treatments. The physical therapist assistant would like the patient to fully extend the involved lower extremity while in the hydrotherapy tank. Which type of whirlpool would not allow the patient to extend the involved lower extremity?
- A.
Hubbard tank
- B.
Lowboy tank
- C.
Highboy tank
- D.
Walk tank
Correct Answer
C. Highboy tankExplanation
A highboy tank would not allow the patient to fully extend the involved lower extremity. A highboy tank is a type of whirlpool that is designed to be filled with water up to the patient's waist level, limiting the range of motion and making it difficult for the patient to fully extend their lower extremity. In contrast, a Hubbard tank, lowboy tank, and walk tank are all types of whirlpools that allow the patient to fully extend their involved lower extremity as they are designed to provide a larger range of motion and flexibility during hydrotherapy treatments.Rate this question:
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- 27.
A patient that sustained a lower extremity burn three months ago is treated in an outpatient physical therapy clinic. The patients burns appear to be fully healed, however the patient exhibits decreased knee flexion due to scar tissue. As part of the treatment program the physical therapist assistant performs passive stretching activities in an attempt to promote collagen extensibility. Which thermal agent would be the most beneficial to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment session?
- A.
Pulsed ultrasound
- B.
Continuous ultrasound
- C.
Hydrotherapy
- D.
Fluidotherapy
Correct Answer
B. Continuous ultrasoundExplanation
Continuous ultrasound would be the most beneficial thermal agent to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment session. Ultrasound therapy uses high-frequency sound waves to promote tissue healing and improve flexibility. Continuous ultrasound delivers a continuous stream of sound waves, which can penetrate deeper into the tissues and promote collagen extensibility. This can help break down scar tissue and improve knee flexion in the patient with lower extremity burns. Pulsed ultrasound, on the other hand, delivers sound waves in intervals and may not provide the same level of deep tissue penetration and therapeutic effect. Hydrotherapy and fluidotherapy are not thermal agents and would not directly promote collagen extensibility in this case.Rate this question:
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- 28.
A patient with cerebellar dysfunction exhibits signs of dysmetria. Which of the following activities would be the most difficult for the patient?
- A.
Alternate finger to nose
- B.
Placing feet on floor markers while walking
- C.
Walking at varying speeds
- D.
Marching in place
Correct Answer
B. Placing feet on floor markers while walkingExplanation
A patient with cerebellar dysfunction exhibits signs of dysmetria, which is the inability to control the range and force of movements. Placing feet on floor markers while walking requires precise control over the movements of the legs and feet, as well as accurate coordination and balance. This activity would be the most difficult for a patient with cerebellar dysfunction, as they would struggle with the fine motor control necessary to accurately place their feet on the markers while walking.Rate this question:
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- 29.
A patient with complete C5 tetraplegia works on a forward raise for pressure relief with a physical therapist assistant. The patient utilizes loops that are attached to the back of the wheelchair to assist with the forward raise. Which muscles need to be particularly strong in order for the patient to be successful with the forward raise?
- A.
Brachioradialis, brachialis
- B.
Rhomboids, levator scapulae
- C.
Biceps, deltoids
- D.
Triceps, flexor digitorum
Correct Answer
C. Biceps, deltoidsExplanation
The forward raise movement requires the patient to lift their arms forward and upward. The biceps and deltoids are the primary muscles responsible for this movement. The biceps, located in the upper arm, flex the elbow joint and help lift the arm. The deltoids, located in the shoulder, are responsible for lifting the arm away from the body. Therefore, having strong biceps and deltoids is crucial for the patient to successfully perform the forward raise movement.Rate this question:
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- 30.
A physical therapist assistant works with a patient status post spinal cord injury. Which goal would be the most realistic for a patient with T10 paraplegia?
- A.
The patient is able to ambulate with bilateral knee-ankle-foot orthoses using forearm crutches and a four-point gait pattern.
- B.
The patient is able to ambulate with bilateral ankle-foot orthoses using forearm crutches and a three-point gait pattern.
- C.
The patient is able to ambulate with bilateral knee-ankle-foot orthoses using forearm crutches and a swing-to gait pattern.
- D.
The patient is able to ambulate independently in the parallel bars with bilateral ankle-foot orthoses and a swing-to gait pattern.
Correct Answer
C. The patient is able to ambulate with bilateral knee-ankle-foot orthoses using forearm crutches and a swing-to gait pattern.Explanation
The most realistic goal for a patient with T10 paraplegia would be to ambulate with bilateral knee-ankle-foot orthoses using forearm crutches and a swing-to gait pattern. This is because T10 paraplegia indicates paralysis or weakness in the lower extremities, specifically below the level of the 10th thoracic vertebra. With the use of knee-ankle-foot orthoses, the patient can have stability and support for ambulation. The swing-to gait pattern involves the patient using their upper body strength to swing their legs forward, compensating for the lack of lower extremity function. This goal is achievable and realistic for a patient with T10 paraplegia.Rate this question:
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- 31.
A physical therapist assistant treats a patient with superficial partial-thickness burns to the anterior surface of his lower legs. In an attempt to assist the patient to control the pain associated with the burns, the therapist rewards the patient with a lengthy rest period after successfully completing an exercise sequence. This type of psychological approach is most representative of:
- A.
Distraction
- B.
Extinction
- C.
Classic conditioning
- D.
Operant conditioning
Correct Answer
D. Operant conditioningExplanation
Operant conditioning is a type of psychological approach that involves using rewards or punishments to reinforce or discourage certain behaviors. In this scenario, the physical therapist assistant is using a reward (a lengthy rest period) to reinforce the patient's successful completion of an exercise sequence. By doing this, the therapist is attempting to increase the likelihood that the patient will continue to complete the exercises in the future. This approach focuses on the consequences of the patient's behavior and aims to shape their behavior through positive reinforcement.Rate this question:
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- 32.
A physical therapist assistant orders a wheelchair for a patient with C4 tetraplegia. Which power wheelchair option would be inappropriate for the patient?
- A.
Full length are supports
- B.
Reclining frame
- C.
Hand controls
- D.
Elevating leg rests
Correct Answer
C. Hand controlsExplanation
Hand controls would be inappropriate for a patient with C4 tetraplegia because this level of injury typically results in limited or no hand function. Therefore, the patient would not be able to operate hand controls effectively. The other options, such as full-length arm supports, a reclining frame, and elevating leg rests, would be more appropriate and beneficial for the patient's needs and mobility.Rate this question:
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- 33.
A physical therapist assistant instructs a female athlete to complete ten minutes of stretching before beginning her treadmill program. While observing the athlete stretching her hamstrings, the therapist notices repetitive bouncing and a failure to maintain the stretch for more than five seconds. Why is this type of stretching considered to be inadequate?
- A.
The athlete should maintain each stretch for at least 30 seconds.
- B.
The athlete should stretch only after running on the treadmill.
- C.
The athlete is activating the stretch reflex.
- D.
The athlete should remain activity specific and does not need to stretch the hamstrings if she running on the treadmill.
Correct Answer
C. The athlete is activating the stretch reflex.Explanation
The athlete is activating the stretch reflex. The stretch reflex is a protective mechanism of the body that causes the muscles to contract when they are stretched too quickly or too forcefully. This bouncing movement and failure to maintain the stretch for more than five seconds indicates that the athlete is not allowing the muscles to fully relax and stretch. This type of stretching does not provide enough time for the muscles to elongate and can potentially lead to injury. It is important for the athlete to maintain each stretch for at least 30 seconds to effectively stretch the muscles without activating the stretch reflex.Rate this question:
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- 34.
A physical therapist assistant provides preoperative training for a patient scheduled for thoracic surgery. Which activity would be most appropriate to prevent a deep vein thrombosis post surgery?
- A.
Deep breathing
- B.
Incentive spirometry
- C.
Coughing
- D.
Ankle pumps
Correct Answer
D. Ankle pumpsExplanation
Ankle pumps would be the most appropriate activity to prevent a deep vein thrombosis post-surgery. Ankle pumps involve flexing and extending the ankles, which helps to promote blood flow and prevent blood clots from forming in the deep veins of the legs. Deep breathing, incentive spirometry, and coughing are important activities for respiratory health post-surgery, but they do not specifically target the prevention of deep vein thrombosis.Rate this question:
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- 35.
A physical therapist assistant develops a chart detailing expected functional outcomes for a variety of spinal cord injuries. Which is the highest spinal level at which independent transfers with a sliding board would be feasible?
- A.
C4
- B.
C6
- C.
T1
- D.
T3
Correct Answer
B. C6Explanation
The highest spinal level at which independent transfers with a sliding board would be feasible is C6. This is because the higher the spinal level, the more limited the individual's mobility and strength. At the C6 level, individuals have limited shoulder and elbow movement, but they still have enough upper body strength and control to perform transfers with the assistance of a sliding board.Rate this question:
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- 36.
A physical therapist assistant uses rhythmic initiation to assist a patient in learning to roll from supine to prone. The therapists initial command should be:
- A.
Slowly roll over by yourself
- B.
Help me roll you over
- C.
Stop me from rolling you over
- D.
Relax and let me move you
Correct Answer
D. Relax and let me move youExplanation
The correct answer is "Relax and let me move you" because rhythmic initiation is a technique used to help patients learn movement patterns by initially providing assistance and gradually reducing the amount of assistance over time. In this case, the physical therapist assistant wants the patient to relax and allow them to initiate the rolling movement, providing the necessary assistance. The other options involve the patient actively participating in the movement or stopping the therapist from moving them, which is not consistent with the rhythmic initiation technique.Rate this question:
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- 37.
A physical therapist assistant prepares to treat a patient with continuous ultrasound. Which general rule best determines the length of treatment when using ultrasound?
- A.
2 minutes for each area that is 2-3 times the size of the transducer face
- B.
5 minutes for each area that is 2-3 times the size of the transducer face
- C.
5 minutes is the maximum treatment time regardless of the treatment area
- D.
10 minutes is the maximum treatment time regardless of the treatment area
Correct Answer
B. 5 minutes for each area that is 2-3 times the size of the transducer faceExplanation
The correct answer is 5 minutes for each area that is 2-3 times the size of the transducer face. This rule suggests that the length of treatment using ultrasound should be determined based on the size of the treatment area. The therapist should allocate 5 minutes for each area that is 2-3 times the size of the transducer face. This ensures that sufficient time is given for the ultrasound to effectively penetrate the tissues and provide the desired therapeutic benefits.Rate this question:
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- 38.
A physical therapist assistant designs an exercise program for a patient rehabilitating from a prolonged illness. Which of the following exercises is indicated for coordination training?
- A.
Buerger-Allen exercises
- B.
Codmans exercises
- C.
DeLormes exercises
- D.
Frenkels exercises
Correct Answer
D. Frenkels exercisesExplanation
Frenkels exercises are indicated for coordination training. These exercises are a type of therapeutic exercise that involves repetitive and controlled movements to improve coordination and balance. They are commonly used in rehabilitation programs for patients recovering from neurological conditions or injuries that affect coordination. Frenkels exercises focus on improving the patient's ability to perform coordinated movements and regain control over their body.Rate this question:
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- 39.
A physical therapist assistant positions a patient in supine order to perform a passive stretch to the rectus femoris on the right. In order to effectively stabilize the pelvis in a supine position, the therapist should:
- A.
Passively flex the right hip to the patients chest
- B.
Passively flex the right hip and knee to the patients chest
- C.
Passively flex the left hip to the patients chest
- D.
Passively flex the left hip and knee to the patients chest
Correct Answer
D. Passively flex the left hip and knee to the patients chestExplanation
To effectively stabilize the pelvis in a supine position, the therapist should passively flex the left hip and knee to the patient's chest. This is because the rectus femoris is a muscle located in the front of the thigh and crosses both the hip and knee joints. By flexing the left hip and knee, the therapist is effectively stretching the rectus femoris muscle on the right side. Flexing the right hip alone or both the right hip and knee would not target the rectus femoris on the right side specifically.Rate this question:
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- 40.
A physical therapist assistant treats a patient status post CVA. Which action would be most likely to facilitate elbow extension in a patient with hemiplegia?
- A.
Turn the head to the affected side
- B.
Turn the head to the unaffected side
- C.
Extend the lower extremities
- D.
Flex the lower extremities
Correct Answer
A. Turn the head to the affected sideExplanation
Turning the head to the affected side would be most likely to facilitate elbow extension in a patient with hemiplegia. This is because the head rotation to the affected side activates the vestibular system and stimulates the extensor muscles on the same side of the body. This can help to increase muscle tone and promote the extension of the elbow joint.Rate this question:
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- 41.
A physical therapist assistant instructs a patient in pelvic floor muscle strengthening exercises. Which of the following explanations would be the most effective to assist the patient to perform a pelvic floor contraction?
- A.
Tighten your muscles like you were trying to expel a large amount of urine in a very short amount of time
- B.
Pull your muscles up and in like when you have to go to the bathroom, but there is no toilet
- C.
Tighten your abdominal muscles and anteriorly rotate your pelvis
- D.
Gently push out as if you had to pass gas
Correct Answer
B. Pull your muscles up and in like when you have to go to the bathroom, but there is no toiletExplanation
The most effective explanation to assist the patient in performing a pelvic floor contraction is to instruct them to pull their muscles up and in like when they have to go to the bathroom, but there is no toilet. This explanation provides a clear and relatable analogy for the patient to understand the action they need to take. It emphasizes the upward and inward movement of the muscles, which is essential for a proper pelvic floor contraction.Rate this question:
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- 42.
A physical therapist assistant attempts to secure a wheelchair for a patient with an incomplete spinal cord injury. The patient is a 28-year-old female that is very active and relies on a wheelchair as her primary mode of transportation. Which type of wheelchair design would be the most appropriate for the patient?
- A.
Standard chair with a rigid frame
- B.
Lightweight chair with a rigid frame
- C.
Standard chair with a folding frame
- D.
Lightweight chair with a folding frame
Correct Answer
B. Lightweight chair with a rigid frameExplanation
A lightweight chair with a rigid frame would be the most appropriate for the patient because she is very active and relies on a wheelchair as her primary mode of transportation. A lightweight chair would be easier for her to maneuver and transport, while a rigid frame would provide stability and support for her incomplete spinal cord injury. This combination would allow her to maintain her active lifestyle and provide the necessary support for her injury.Rate this question:
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- 43.
A physical therapist assistant performs a gross muscle screening on a patient prior to initiating ambulation activities. Weakness in the _____ would make it extremely difficult to ambulate on crutches?
- A.
Medial deltoid
- B.
Erector spinae
- C.
Latissimus dorsi
- D.
Rhomboids
Correct Answer
C. Latissimus dorsiExplanation
Weakness in the latissimus dorsi muscle would make it extremely difficult to ambulate on crutches. The latissimus dorsi is a large muscle located in the back that helps to stabilize and move the shoulder joint. It plays a key role in many upper body movements, including pulling the arm down and back. When using crutches, the latissimus dorsi is essential for providing the necessary strength and stability to support the body's weight and maintain balance. Without proper function of this muscle, the patient would struggle to generate the necessary force to move and support themselves while using crutches.Rate this question:
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- 44.
A physical therapist assistant implements an exercise program for a patient rehabilitating from anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Which of the following treatment options would place the least amount of stress on the reconstructed ligament?
- A.
Walking with crutches
- B.
Stationary cycling
- C.
Walking
- D.
Jogging at a slow speed on a level surface
Correct Answer
A. Walking with crutchesExplanation
Walking with crutches would place the least amount of stress on the reconstructed ligament. Crutches provide support and help distribute the weight off the affected leg, reducing the load on the ligament. This allows the patient to move around safely while minimizing stress on the healing ligament.Rate this question:
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- 45.
A physical therapist assistant works with a 70-year-old patient diagnosed with generalized deconditioning. The patient is pleasant and cooperative, however has short-term memory deficits. The therapist initiates an exercise program that the patient is able to complete with verbal cueing. Which of the following home exercise programs would be the most beneficial for the patient?
- A.
A program that allows for individual exercise selection.
- B.
A program that requires significant attention to detail
- C.
A program that alternates exercises on consecutive days
- D.
A program that varies based on the results from a subjective pain scale
Correct Answer
A. A program that allows for individual exercise selection.Explanation
The most beneficial home exercise program for a 70-year-old patient with generalized deconditioning and short-term memory deficits would be one that allows for individual exercise selection. This is because the patient may have specific needs and limitations that require personalized exercises. Additionally, the patient's short-term memory deficits may make it difficult for them to remember and follow a rigid exercise program that requires significant attention to detail or alternates exercises on consecutive days. A program that varies based on a subjective pain scale may also be challenging for the patient to understand and follow consistently. Therefore, allowing the patient to select exercises that they are able to complete with verbal cueing would be the most suitable option.Rate this question:
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- 46.
A physical therapist assistant implements an exercise program for a patient rehabilitating from a lower extremity injury. The single most important factor in an exercise program designed to increase muscular strength is:
- A.
The recovery time between exercise sets
- B.
The number of repetitions per set
- C.
The duration of the exercise session
- D.
The intensity of the exercise
Correct Answer
D. The intensity of the exerciseExplanation
The intensity of the exercise is the single most important factor in an exercise program designed to increase muscular strength. This is because the intensity determines the level of effort and resistance placed on the muscles, which stimulates muscle growth and strength development. Higher intensity exercises, such as lifting heavier weights or performing more challenging exercises, require the muscles to work harder and adapt to the increased demands, resulting in increased strength. Therefore, focusing on the intensity of the exercise is crucial for achieving the desired outcome of increased muscular strength.Rate this question:
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- 47.
A physical therapist assistant instructs a patient with pulmonary disease in energy conversation techniques. Which of the following techniques would be the most effective when assisting a patient to complete a selected activity without dyspnea?
- A.
Diaphragmatic breathing
- B.
Pacing
- C.
Pursed lip breathing
- D.
Ventillary muscle training
Correct Answer
B. PacingExplanation
Pacing would be the most effective technique when assisting a patient with pulmonary disease to complete a selected activity without dyspnea. Pacing involves breaking down the activity into smaller, manageable tasks and taking regular breaks to rest and catch the breath. This technique helps the patient conserve energy and prevent overexertion, reducing the risk of experiencing shortness of breath or dyspnea. By pacing themselves, patients can maintain a steady level of activity while managing their breathing and avoiding excessive fatigue.Rate this question:
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- 48.
A physical therapist assistant instructs a patient how to transfer to a wheelchair after ambulating 125 feet with a walker. The most appropriate instruction to assist the patient when beginning to sit is:
- A.
Let go of the walker and reach backwards for the wheelchair while sitting down
- B.
Let go of the walker and reach backwards for the wheelchair before beginning to sit down
- C.
Maintain contact with the walker with both hands until seated in the wheelchair
- D.
Maintain contact with the walker with one hand and reach backwards for the wheelchair with the other while sitting down
Correct Answer
B. Let go of the walker and reach backwards for the wheelchair before beginning to sit down -
- 49.
A physical therapist assistant applied electrical stimulation to a patient rehabilitating from an Achilles tendon rupture. Which of the following types of current has the lowest total average current?
- A.
Low volt
- B.
High volt
- C.
Russian
- D.
Interferential
Correct Answer
B. High voltExplanation
High volt current has the lowest total average current because it delivers a higher voltage with a lower amperage. This means that while the voltage is high, the actual current flowing through the patient's body is lower compared to the other options. This can be beneficial for patients with sensitive or injured tissues, as it reduces the risk of discomfort or tissue damage.Rate this question:
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- 50.
A physical therapist assistant attempts to reduce a childs genu recurvatum using an ankle-foot orthosis. Which ankle setting would be the most effective to achieve the therapists objective?
- A.
5-10 degrees of dorsiflexion
- B.
Neutral
- C.
5-10 degrees of plantar flexion
- D.
15-20 degrees of plantar flexion
Correct Answer
A. 5-10 degrees of dorsiflexionExplanation
To reduce a child's genu recurvatum, which is a condition characterized by excessive backward bending of the knee, the physical therapist assistant would want to use an ankle-foot orthosis with 5-10 degrees of dorsiflexion. Dorsiflexion refers to the movement of the foot upwards towards the shin, which helps to correct the alignment of the knee and reduce the excessive backward bending. By setting the ankle in dorsiflexion, the orthosis will provide the necessary support and alignment to address the genu recurvatum effectively.Rate this question:
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May 11, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jun 23, 2009Quiz Created by
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