Respiratory Disorder (Lung Edema)

1.

Climbers and people who live in or travel to high altitude locations run the risk of developing this type of pulmonary edema:

A.

A. Lung infection
B.

B. Smoke inhalation
C.

C. ARDS
D.

D. High altitude

Correct Answer
D. D. High altitude

Explanation
People who climb mountains or reside in high altitude areas are at risk of developing high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). HAPE is a condition where fluid accumulates in the lungs due to the decreased oxygen levels and lower air pressure at high altitudes. This can lead to difficulty in breathing, coughing, and chest tightness. It is important for climbers and individuals traveling to high altitude locations to acclimatize properly and ascend gradually to minimize the risk of developing HAPE.

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2.

If pulmonary edema continues, it can raise pressure in the pulmonary artery and right ventricle begins to fail, the increased pressure backs up into the right atrium causing build up of fluid in the membranes that surround the lungs.

A.

True
B.

False

Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
If pulmonary edema continues, it can lead to an increase in pressure in the pulmonary artery. This increased pressure can cause the right ventricle of the heart to fail. As a result, the increased pressure backs up into the right atrium, leading to a buildup of fluid in the membranes surrounding the lungs. Therefore, the statement is true.

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3.

Hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries that leads to pulmonary edema becomes:

A.

A. high which leads to shift of fluid from veins to arteries
B.

B. high which leads to shift of fluid from arteries to alveoli
C.

C. high which leads to shift of fluid from capillaries into the alveoli

Correct Answer
C. C. high which leads to shift of fluid from capillaries into the alveoli

Explanation
When the hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries becomes high, it leads to a shift of fluid from the capillaries into the alveoli. This can result in pulmonary edema, which is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs. The increased pressure causes fluid to leak out of the capillaries and into the alveoli, impairing the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. This can lead to difficulty in breathing and other respiratory symptoms.

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4.

The following are primary conditions that result to pulmonary edema except:

A.

A. Congestive heart failure
B.

B. Hyperkalemia
C.

C. Blockage of lymphatic drainaige due to tumors
D.

D. Pnemonia due to gas inhalation

Correct Answer
B. B. Hyperkalemia

Explanation
Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, which can lead to difficulty in breathing. The primary conditions that can result in pulmonary edema include congestive heart failure, blockage of lymphatic drainage due to tumors, and pneumonia due to gas inhalation. Hyperkalemia, which is the excessive levels of potassium in the blood, does not directly cause pulmonary edema. Therefore, it is the exception among the given conditions.

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5.

Excess fluid in the alveolar tissue may develop when plasma proteins are high increasing plasma osmotic pressure:

A.

True
B.

False

Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
low plasma protein decreases osmotic pressure which creates excess fluid in the alveolar tissue.

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6.

Abnormal build up of fluid in the air sacs of the lungs which leads to shortness of breath, respiratory failure and even death:

A.

A. Hepatitis
B.

B. Diabetes
C.

C. Pulmonary edema
D.

D. Hemothorax

Correct Answer
C. C. Pulmonary edema

Explanation
Pulmonary edema is the correct answer because it refers to the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the air sacs of the lungs. This build-up of fluid can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, respiratory failure, and potentially death. Hepatitis and diabetes are unrelated conditions that do not involve fluid accumulation in the lungs. Hemothorax, on the other hand, refers to the presence of blood in the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs, which is different from pulmonary edema.

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7.

The following are non- cardiogenic causes of Pulmonary edema except:

A.

A. Reperfusion injury
B.

B. Congestive heart failure
C.

C. Inhalation of toxic gases
D.

D. Hypoproteinemia

Correct Answer
B. B. Congestive heart failure

Explanation
Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, which can be caused by various factors. Reperfusion injury occurs when blood flow is restored to a tissue or organ after a period of ischemia, leading to inflammation and damage. Inhalation of toxic gases can cause direct damage to the lungs, leading to fluid accumulation. Hypoproteinemia refers to low levels of proteins in the blood, which can affect fluid balance and lead to edema. Congestive heart failure, on the other hand, is a cardiogenic cause of pulmonary edema, where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs. Therefore, the correct answer is b. Congestive heart failure.

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