Qualitative Research Designs
- 1.
The tendency in qualitative research to derive a complex array of data from a variety of sources, using a variety of methods is referred as:
- A.
Auto-ethnography
- B.
Snowball sampling
- C.
Recursive abstraction
- D.
Bricolage
Correct Answer
D. BricolageExplanation
Bricolage refers to the tendency in qualitative research to gather a diverse range of data from various sources and using different methods. It involves the researcher creatively piecing together these different elements to construct a comprehensive understanding of the research topic. Bricolage allows for flexibility and adaptability in the research process, enabling researchers to incorporate multiple perspectives and approaches to generate rich and nuanced findings.Rate this question:
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- 2.
'Emic perspective' refers to:
- A.
Outsider's view
- B.
Insider's view
- C.
Etic perspective
- D.
Holistic view
Correct Answer
B. Insider's viewExplanation
The term "emic perspective" refers to gaining an insider's view or understanding of a particular culture or group. It involves studying and interpreting phenomena from within the culture itself, taking into account the unique beliefs, values, and perspectives of the individuals within that culture. This approach allows for a deeper understanding and appreciation of the cultural context, as opposed to an outsider's view or etic perspective which may be influenced by preconceived notions or stereotypes. A holistic view, on the other hand, refers to considering the whole or entirety of something, which is not the same as an insider's view.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following is NOT a qualitative method of research?
- A.
Ethnography
- B.
Case Study
- C.
Survey/Sampling
- D.
Discourse/Text Analysis
- E.
Meta-Analysis
Correct Answer
E. Meta-AnalysisExplanation
Meta-analysis is not a qualitative method of research because it involves the statistical analysis of data from multiple studies. It is a quantitative method that aims to combine and analyze the results of different studies to draw conclusions and make inferences about a particular research question. In contrast, qualitative methods such as ethnography, case study, survey/sampling, and discourse/text analysis focus on understanding and interpreting social phenomena through the collection and analysis of non-numerical data, such as interviews, observations, and textual materials.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which is a characteristic of qualitative research methods?
- A.
Naturalistic inquiry copyright
- B.
Random sampling
- C.
Introduction of a treatment
- D.
Use of a control group
Correct Answer
A. Naturalistic inquiry copyrightExplanation
Qualitative research methods focus on understanding and interpreting phenomena in their natural settings, rather than manipulating variables or using control groups. Naturalistic inquiry involves observing and analyzing real-life situations to gain in-depth insights and understanding. It emphasizes context, meaning, and the subjective experiences of individuals. Copyright refers to the protection of original works, indicating that the findings and data collected through qualitative research are unique and cannot be used without permission. Therefore, the characteristic of qualitative research methods is reflected in the option "Naturalistic inquiry copyright."Rate this question:
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- 5.
A method of refining a hypothesis or theory in a qualitative study that involves the inclusion of cases that appear to deconfirm earlier hypotheses:
- A.
Negative case analysis
- B.
Open coding
- C.
Quasi-statistics
- D.
Theoretical sampling
Correct Answer
A. Negative case analysisExplanation
Negative case analysis is a method used in qualitative studies to refine a hypothesis or theory. It involves including cases that seem to contradict or disprove earlier hypotheses. By examining these negative cases, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon being studied and refine their theories accordingly. This process helps to ensure that the hypothesis or theory is robust and can withstand scrutiny.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of qualitative research?
- A.
Seek to explore phenomena
- B.
Emergent design
- C.
Positivist paradigm
- D.
Use semi-structured methods
Correct Answer
C. Positivist paradigmExplanation
The correct answer is "Positivist paradigm." Qualitative research typically does not align with the positivist paradigm, which emphasizes objectivity, quantification, and generalizability. Qualitative research, on the other hand, seeks to explore phenomena in-depth, often using emergent design and semi-structured methods to gather rich, descriptive data.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Data analysis in qualitative research, as contrasted with quantitative research, is generally
- A.
Theatrical rather than applied.
- B.
Applied rather than theatrical.
- C.
Deductive rather than inductive.
- D.
Inductive rather than deductive.
Correct Answer
D. Inductive rather than deductive.Explanation
In qualitative research, data analysis is typically conducted in an inductive rather than deductive manner. This means that researchers gather and analyze data without preconceived theories or hypotheses, allowing patterns and themes to emerge from the data itself. Inductive analysis involves identifying commonalities and themes in the data and generating theories or explanations based on these observations. In contrast, deductive analysis starts with a pre-existing theory or hypothesis and seeks to confirm or refute it using data. Therefore, the correct answer is "inductive rather than deductive."Rate this question:
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- 8.
"Process", in qualitative research, is seen as
- A.
Too hard to study.
- B.
An unfortunate complication.
- C.
Of major importance.
- D.
Impossible to clarify.
Correct Answer
C. Of major importance.Explanation
In qualitative research, the "process" refers to the systematic approach and steps followed to gather and analyze data. It involves the researcher's decisions, actions, and reflections throughout the research journey. Understanding the process is considered of major importance because it allows for transparency and rigor in the research, ensuring that the findings are reliable and trustworthy. By studying the process, researchers can also identify potential biases, challenges, and opportunities for improvement, ultimately enhancing the quality and validity of the research outcomes.Rate this question:
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- 9.
In qualitative research, differences among types of purposive sample have to do with
- A.
Representativeness.
- B.
Timing during the study.
- C.
Individual variability.
- D.
All of the above.
Correct Answer
D. All of the above.Explanation
The correct answer is "all of the above." In qualitative research, differences among types of purposive samples have to do with representativeness, timing during the study, and individual variability. Purposive sampling involves selecting participants who possess specific characteristics or qualities that are relevant to the research objectives. These characteristics can vary in terms of their representativeness, the timing at which they are selected during the study, and the individual differences among participants. Therefore, all of these factors contribute to the differences among types of purposive samples in qualitative research.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following is a philosophical assumption of qualitative researchers?
- A.
Facts and values are distinct from one another.
- B.
The proper design of research investigations will lead to accurate conclusions about the nature of the world.
- C.
Values are an integral part of the research process.
- D.
Facts stand independent of the knower and can be known in an undistorted way.
Correct Answer
C. Values are an integral part of the research process.Explanation
Qualitative researchers believe that values are an integral part of the research process. This means that researchers acknowledge that their own values and biases can influence the research process and outcomes. They recognize that their subjective interpretations and perspectives shape the data collection and analysis. Qualitative researchers aim to understand the social and cultural contexts in which phenomena occur, and they believe that values play a crucial role in this understanding. By acknowledging and incorporating values into the research process, qualitative researchers strive to provide a more holistic and nuanced understanding of the research topic.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following is a philosophical assumption of quantitative researchers?
- A.
The initial ambiguity that occurs in a study is desirable.
- B.
The purpose of qualitative research is to explain and be able to predict relationships. The ultimate goal is the development of laws that make prediction possible.
- C.
Research investigations produce alternative visions of what the world is like.
- D.
It is impossible for the researcher to stand apart from the individuals he or she is studying.
Correct Answer
B. The purpose of qualitative research is to explain and be able to predict relationships. The ultimate goal is the development of laws that make prediction possible.Explanation
The correct answer is the philosophical assumption of quantitative researchers is that the purpose of qualitative research is to explain and be able to predict relationships. The ultimate goal is the development of laws that make prediction possible. This assumption reflects the belief that quantitative research aims to establish generalizable and predictive laws or principles that can be applied across different contexts. Quantitative researchers seek to identify patterns, establish causal relationships, and make predictions based on empirical data.Rate this question:
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- 12.
In which approach to qualitative research do the researchers intend to generate a theory that is based on data systematically gathered and analyzed?
- A.
Phenomenology
- B.
Biography
- C.
Grounded theory
- D.
Case study
Correct Answer
C. Grounded theoryExplanation
Grounded theory is an approach to qualitative research where researchers aim to generate a theory that is based on systematically gathered and analyzed data. This means that the theory is derived directly from the data collected, rather than being predetermined or based on pre-existing theories. The researchers immerse themselves in the data, constantly comparing and analyzing it to identify patterns, categories, and relationships. Through this iterative process, a theory is developed that is grounded in the data and provides an explanation or understanding of the phenomenon being studied.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Researchers study just one individual, classroom, school, or program in which approach to qualitative research?
- A.
Case study
- B.
Ethnography
- C.
Biography
- D.
Phenomenology
Correct Answer
A. Case studyExplanation
A case study is an approach to qualitative research where researchers focus on studying a single individual, classroom, school, or program in depth. This method allows researchers to gather detailed and comprehensive information about a specific case, which can provide valuable insights and understanding. By examining a specific case, researchers can explore complex phenomena, analyze unique situations, and gain a deep understanding of the context and factors influencing the case. Case studies are often used when the researcher wants to explore a particular phenomenon or situation in great detail, making it the correct answer in this context.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Conclusions from qualitative research are
- A.
Less certain than from quantitative research.
- B.
Of little practical use.
- C.
Seldom defensible.
- D.
Of descriptive value only.
Correct Answer
A. Less certain than from quantitative research.Explanation
Qualitative research involves gathering non-numerical data, such as interviews or observations, to understand the underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations of individuals. The answer "less certain than from quantitative research" is correct because qualitative research relies on subjective interpretations and is open to bias and varying perspectives. Unlike quantitative research, which uses statistical analysis to provide precise and measurable results, qualitative research provides insights and in-depth understanding rather than definitive conclusions. Therefore, the certainty of findings in qualitative research is lower compared to quantitative research.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Researchers who study various reactions to or perceptions of a particular phenomenon take which approach to qualitative research?
- A.
Grounded
- B.
Biography
- C.
Phenomenology
- D.
Case study
Correct Answer
C. pHenomenologyExplanation
Phenomenology is the approach to qualitative research that researchers use when studying various reactions to or perceptions of a particular phenomenon. Phenomenology focuses on understanding the lived experiences of individuals and how they make sense of the world around them. It aims to uncover the essence and meaning of these experiences through in-depth interviews and analysis. This approach allows researchers to gain a deeper understanding of how individuals interpret and understand a particular phenomenon.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which is NOT a criticism of quantitative research made by qualitative researchers?
- A.
Is not creative.
- B.
Oversimplifies.
- C.
Treats people as objects.
- D.
Can't see the forest for the trees.
Correct Answer
A. Is not creative.Explanation
Qualitative researchers often criticize quantitative research for oversimplifying complex phenomena, reducing them to numerical data and losing the richness of individual experiences. They also criticize it for treating people as objects, as quantitative research focuses on measurable variables rather than understanding the subjective experiences and perspectives of individuals. Additionally, qualitative researchers argue that quantitative research can't see the forest for the trees, meaning it may miss the broader context and fail to capture the complexities of social phenomena. However, they do not typically criticize quantitative research for lacking creativity, as creativity is not a central concern in quantitative approaches.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Suppose that a researcher studies one gifted student in order to better understand how this student's school day differs from that of more typical students. This type of study is certainly a(n)
- A.
Simulation.
- B.
Case study.
- C.
Ethnographic study.
- D.
Naturalistic study.
Correct Answer
B. Case study.Explanation
A case study involves in-depth analysis of a single individual, group, or situation. In this scenario, the researcher is focusing on one gifted student to gain insights into their school day compared to typical students. This approach allows for a detailed examination of the specific case and can provide valuable information about the unique characteristics and experiences of the gifted student. Therefore, the correct answer is case study.Rate this question:
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- 18.
An important criticism of positivism relates to
- A.
Validity of data.
- B.
Ethics.
- C.
Spirituality.
- D.
The meaning of reality.
Correct Answer
D. The meaning of reality.Explanation
Positivism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes the use of scientific methods to study and understand the world. One of the main criticisms of positivism is that it fails to consider the subjective and interpretive nature of reality. Positivists tend to focus on observable and measurable data, disregarding the subjective experiences and interpretations that individuals have of reality. Therefore, the criticism of positivism relating to the meaning of reality suggests that positivism overlooks the complex and subjective aspects of human existence, limiting our understanding of the world.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following illustrates best the data collection in a qualitative study thaty focuses on computer-based technology usage?
- A.
Gerald randomly selects 150 participants to answer a questionnaire on technology.
- B.
Pauline uses test scores on a teacher-made test to assess computer-based technology skills.
- C.
Arnold interviews children and parents about their used of technology for instuction in the home.
- D.
Helga gives teachers an attitude survey on which they report willingess to use computer technologies in their classrooms.
Correct Answer
C. Arnold interviews children and parents about their used of technology for instuction in the home.Explanation
The best illustration of data collection in a qualitative study focusing on computer-based technology usage is Arnold interviewing children and parents about their use of technology for instruction in the home. This method allows for in-depth exploration of experiences, perspectives, and attitudes towards technology use, providing rich qualitative data that can help understand the context and nuances of computer-based technology usage. The other options, such as Gerald's questionnaire, Pauline's test scores, and Helga's attitude survey, may provide quantitative data or surface-level information but do not offer the same level of depth and insight as qualitative interviews.Rate this question:
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- 20.
In grounded theory research, the literature review is conducted
- A.
After some data collection, as needed.
- B.
Primarily to determine whom to sample.
- C.
Prior to generating a hypothesis.
- D.
Prior to generating a research topic.
Correct Answer
A. After some data collection, as needed.Explanation
In grounded theory research, the literature review is conducted after some data collection, as needed. This approach allows researchers to gather initial data and gain insights from it before conducting a literature review. By doing so, researchers can avoid preconceived ideas or biases that may arise from an extensive literature review conducted prior to data collection. Instead, they can use the literature review to complement and validate their findings, filling any gaps in knowledge that may have emerged during the data collection process. This approach ensures that the grounded theory is truly grounded in the data collected.Rate this question:
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Sep 14, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Nov 19, 2012Quiz Created by
Kaconrad