Criminology Test: GK Quiz!

Larceny is divided into grand larceny and petit larceny based on the value of the property stolen. Grand larceny refers to the theft of high-value property, while petit larceny involves the theft of lower-value items. This categorization helps differentiate between more serious and less serious forms of larceny, allowing for appropriate legal consequences based on the value of the stolen property.

The correct answer is Edwin H. Sutherland. He was a sociologist and criminologist who coined the term "white-collar crime" in 1939. Sutherland defined white-collar crime as a type of crime committed by individuals of high social status and respectability in the course of their occupations. He argued that these crimes were often overlooked or treated with leniency due to the social status of the perpetrators. Sutherland's work was groundbreaking in highlighting the importance of studying and understanding crimes committed by individuals in positions of power and influence.

The correct answer is "derived from cultural emphases" because theft is not an innate behavior that someone is born with or that is in their genes. Instead, it is a behavior that is learned and influenced by the cultural values and norms of a society. Different cultures may have different attitudes towards theft, which can shape an individual's behavior and beliefs about stealing.

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Robbery is the correct answer because it involves the act of taking someone's goods or money against their will using violence or fear. It differs from burglary, which typically involves entering a building unlawfully with the intent to commit a crime. Assault and battery refers to physically attacking someone, while mugging specifically refers to a type of robbery that occurs in a public place.

Burglars typically first search the master bedroom of homes they victimize. This is because the master bedroom is usually the most valuable room in the house, containing items such as jewelry, cash, and important documents. Additionally, burglars often believe that homeowners keep their most valuable possessions in their bedrooms, making it a prime target for theft. By searching the master bedroom first, burglars hope to quickly find and steal high-value items before potentially being detected.

Messner and Rosenfeld are referring to the American culture's relentless push toward material success. This can be inferred from the fact that the American Dream is often associated with the pursuit of wealth, possessions, and financial prosperity. The American Dream is the belief that anyone, regardless of their background, can achieve success and upward mobility through hard work and determination. This notion of success is often measured by material wealth and possessions, making material success the most fitting interpretation of the American Dream in this context.

The correct answer is "all of the above" because the question states that students have described shoplifting as a religious experience, sexually arousing, and a game. Therefore, all three options are valid descriptions given by students.

Burglars typically aim to spend as little time as possible inside a dwelling to minimize the risk of getting caught. Staying inside for longer increases the chances of being detected by security systems, neighbors, or law enforcement. Therefore, the usual rule for an experienced burglar is to remain inside a dwelling for no more than 5 minutes. This allows them to quickly gather valuable items and exit before attracting attention or encountering any unexpected obstacles.

The given question asks for a characteristic of white-collar crime that is not listed among the options. The options provided include "its bad," "its against the law," "its cool," and "none of the above." The first three options are subjective opinions and do not describe a characteristic of white-collar crime. Therefore, the correct answer is "none of the above" because none of the options accurately describe a characteristic of white-collar crime.

The German tribes considered stealing as more serious than crimes against the person because it was premeditated. This suggests that they believed stealing required planning and intention, making it a deliberate act. In contrast, crimes against the person may have been seen as more spontaneous or impulsive in nature. This distinction implies that the German tribes placed a higher moral value on premeditated actions, considering them to be more morally wrong and deserving of harsher punishment, possibly even death.

Restitution is the most common penalty for a computer crime because it involves the offender compensating the victim for any damages or losses caused by the crime. This can include reimbursing financial losses, repairing or replacing damaged systems, or providing compensation for any harm caused. Restitution aims to restore the victim to their pre-crime state and is often seen as a more appropriate and fair punishment for computer crimes compared to lengthy prison sentences or capital punishment.

Only about 1 in 10,000 victims of telemarketing fraud will report their loss to authorities. This suggests that the majority of victims do not come forward or report their losses. This could be due to a variety of reasons, such as feeling embarrassed or ashamed about falling for the scam, not knowing how or where to report the fraud, or simply not believing that anything can be done to recover their losses. It highlights the underreporting and underestimation of the prevalence of telemarketing fraud.

The question states that psychosocial encapsulation is most likely to occur when the perceived threat is "all of the above." However, the options provided are repetitive and do not provide any specific information about what those threats are. Therefore, without knowing the specific threats mentioned in the options, it is not possible to provide a clear explanation for why "all of the above" is the correct answer.

The term white-collar crime was coined by a person who believed that it could be explained by the concept of differential association. This theory suggests that individuals learn criminal behavior through their interactions with others, particularly within intimate personal groups. According to this explanation, people engage in white-collar crime because they have been exposed to and learned from others who are involved in similar illegal activities. This theory emphasizes the importance of socialization and the influence of social relationships in shaping criminal behavior.