Quiz #2 - Cardiac Anatomy & Hemodynamics
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
At which phase(s) of the cardiac cycle are the AV valves close?
- A.
Atrial Systole
- B.
Isovolumic Ventricular contraction
- C.
Late Diastole
- D.
Isovolumic Ventricular Relaxation
- E.
Ventricular Ejection
Correct Answer(s)
B. Isovolumic Ventricular contraction
D. Isovolumic Ventricular Relaxation
E. Ventricular EjectionExplanation
During isovolumic ventricular contraction, the AV valves are closed to prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria. This phase occurs after the atria have contracted and before the ventricles start to contract. Similarly, during isovolumic ventricular relaxation, the AV valves remain closed to prevent backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles. This phase occurs after the ventricles have contracted and before they start to relax. Finally, during ventricular ejection, the AV valves are closed to ensure that blood is forced out of the ventricles and into the arteries.Rate this question:
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- 2.
True or False? The amount of blood pushed into the aorta or pulmonary trunk per contraction is referred to as Cardiac Output.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The amount of blood pushed into the aorta or pulmonary trunk per contraction is not referred to as Cardiac Output. Cardiac Output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, which is calculated by multiplying the stroke volume (amount of blood pumped per contraction) by the heart rate (number of contractions per minute).Rate this question:
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- 3.
True or False? The valves of the heart open and close in response to pressure.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The valves of the heart open and close in response to pressure because they are designed to ensure the proper flow of blood through the heart. When the pressure in the heart chambers exceeds the pressure in the blood vessels, the valves open, allowing blood to flow forward. Conversely, when the pressure in the blood vessels exceeds the pressure in the heart chambers, the valves close to prevent backflow of blood. This mechanism helps maintain the unidirectional flow of blood and ensures the efficient functioning of the heart.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What is the term that describes the amount of blood ejected by the ventricle during each contraction?
Correct Answer
Stroke Volume / SVExplanation
The term that describes the amount of blood ejected by the ventricle during each contraction is Stroke Volume (SV). Stroke Volume refers to the volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart with each contraction. It is an important measure of cardiac function and is influenced by factors such as heart rate, preload, and afterload.Rate this question:
- 5.
Blood flows from the Right Atrium to the Right Ventricle via the ____________
- A.
Semilunar valve
- B.
Tricuspid valve
- C.
Mitral Valve
- D.
Biscuspid Valve
Correct Answer
B. Tricuspid valveExplanation
The tricuspid valve is the correct answer because it is the valve that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle in the heart. It allows blood to flow from the atrium to the ventricle while preventing backflow. The semilunar valve is located between the ventricles and the arteries, not between the atrium and ventricle. The mitral valve and bicuspid valve are both names for the valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle, not the right side of the heart.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which is NOT an artery attached to the heart
- A.
Circumflex branch
- B.
Vena Cava
- C.
Aorta
- D.
Pulmonary Trunk
Correct Answer
B. Vena CavaExplanation
The vena cava is not an artery attached to the heart. The vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. Arteries, on the other hand, carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to various parts of the body. The other options listed, such as the circumflex branch, aorta, and pulmonary trunk, are all arteries that are connected to the heart.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Select the major veins attached to the heart
- A.
Pulmonary Veins
- B.
Aorta
- C.
Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
- D.
Coronary Sinus
- E.
Pulmonary Trunk
- F.
Circumflex Branch
Correct Answer(s)
A. Pulmonary Veins
C. Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
D. Coronary SinusExplanation
The major veins attached to the heart are the Pulmonary Veins, Superior/Inferior Vena Cava, and Coronary Sinus. The Pulmonary Veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. The Superior/Inferior Vena Cava bring deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower parts of the body, respectively, back to the heart. The Coronary Sinus collects deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle itself. These veins play a crucial role in the circulation of blood throughout the body and ensure proper oxygenation and nourishment of the heart.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The Semilunar valves are ___________ during ventricular contraction and ____________ during ventricular relaxation.
Correct Answer(s)
open, closedExplanation
During ventricular contraction, the semilunar valves are open to allow blood to be pumped out of the ventricles and into the arteries. This is necessary for the blood to be distributed to the rest of the body. On the other hand, during ventricular relaxation, the semilunar valves are closed to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles. This ensures that the blood flows in one direction, from the heart to the rest of the body, and prevents any backflow or regurgitation.Rate this question:
- 9.
Which of the following is/are Semilunar valves?
- A.
Tricuspid
- B.
Aortic
- C.
Bicuspid
- D.
A & C
Correct Answer
B. AorticExplanation
The correct answer is Aortic. The aortic valve is one of the two semilunar valves in the heart, the other being the pulmonary valve. These valves are responsible for preventing backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles. The tricuspid and bicuspid valves, also known as the mitral valve, are not semilunar valves. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle, while the bicuspid valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Blood flows into the Left Atrium via the _______________
Correct Answer
pulmonary veinsExplanation
Blood flows into the Left Atrium via the pulmonary veins. The pulmonary veins are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. After oxygenation occurs in the lungs, the blood is transported by the pulmonary veins into the left atrium of the heart. From there, it will be pumped into the left ventricle and then circulated throughout the body. The pulmonary veins play a crucial role in maintaining the oxygen supply to the body's tissues and organs.Rate this question:
- 11.
Which is NOT true regarding the chambers of the heart?
- A.
Left atrium receives blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins
- B.
Right atrium receives blood from the vena cavas and coronary veins
- C.
Left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium through the tricuspid valve
- D.
Right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary arteries which go to the lungs
Correct Answer
C. Left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium through the tricuspid valveExplanation
The left ventricle does not receive blood from the left atrium through the tricuspid valve. The left atrium pumps blood into the left ventricle through the mitral valve (also known as the bicuspid valve). The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle.Rate this question:
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- 12.
True or False? Coronary arteries are the first branches off of the aorta and supply oxygenated blood to the heart
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true. Coronary arteries are indeed the first branches off of the aorta, the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. These arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself, ensuring that it receives the necessary nutrients and oxygen for proper functioning.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The layers of the heart beginning with the outermost layer are....
- A.
Epicardium, Endocardium, Myocardium
- B.
Endocardium, Epicardium, Myocardium
- C.
Myocardium, Epicardium, Pericardium
- D.
Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
Correct Answer
D. Epicardium, Myocardium, EndocardiumExplanation
The correct answer is Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium. The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart, followed by the myocardium which is the middle layer responsible for the contraction of the heart. The endocardium is the innermost layer that lines the chambers of the heart and covers the heart valves.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The thickest layer of heart wall is
- A.
Myocardium
- B.
Epicardium
- C.
Pericardium
- D.
Endocardium
Correct Answer
A. MyocardiumExplanation
The myocardium is the correct answer because it is the thickest layer of the heart wall. It is composed of cardiac muscle tissue, which is responsible for the contraction of the heart and pumping of blood throughout the body. The myocardium provides the necessary strength and force for the heart to effectively pump blood, making it the thickest layer compared to the other options listed. The epicardium is the outermost layer, the pericardium is the protective sac around the heart, and the endocardium is the inner lining of the heart chambers.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Directional terms: The heart is _______________ to the diaphragm, __________________ to the vertebral column and _____________________ to the head.
Correct Answer
superior, anterior, inferiorExplanation
The heart is positioned above or superior to the diaphragm, in front or anterior to the vertebral column, and below or inferior to the head.Rate this question:
- 16.
Which statement is true about the chordae tendinae
- A.
They are thin cords of tissue connecting the semilunar valves to the papillary muscles
- B.
They are relaxed when the ventricles eject blood to the pulmonary trunk and aorta
- C.
They are taught when the ventricles contract to prevent blood from flowing back through the atrioventicular valves
- D.
They are only located in the left ventricle
Correct Answer
C. They are taught when the ventricles contract to prevent blood from flowing back through the atrioventicular valvesExplanation
The chordae tendinae are taught when the ventricles contract to prevent blood from flowing back through the atrioventricular valves. This is necessary to maintain the one-way flow of blood through the heart.Rate this question:
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- 17.
True or False? The base of the heart rests on the diaphragm
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The base of the heart does not rest on the diaphragm. The base of the heart is located at the top, while the diaphragm is a muscle located at the bottom of the chest cavity. The base of the heart is attached to several major blood vessels, such as the aorta and the pulmonary veins, and it is also where the heart's major coronary arteries originate. Therefore, the statement that the base of the heart rests on the diaphragm is false.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which is NOT true of the left anterior descending artery (LAD)
- A.
It is a branch of left coronary artery
- B.
It supplies oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart only
- C.
It supplies oxygenated blood to the left and right ventricles
- D.
It is located on the anterior aspect of the heart
Correct Answer
B. It supplies oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart onlyExplanation
The left anterior descending artery (LAD) is a branch of the left coronary artery and supplies oxygenated blood to both the left and right ventricles of the heart. It is located on the anterior aspect of the heart.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which phase of the cardiac cycle are the semilunar valves open
- A.
Atrial systole
- B.
Ventricular diastole
- C.
Isovolumetric contraction
- D.
Ventricular systole
Correct Answer
D. Ventricular systoleExplanation
During ventricular systole, the ventricles contract, causing an increase in pressure. This increase in pressure forces the semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic valves) to open. As a result, blood is ejected from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery and aorta. Hence, the semilunar valves are open during ventricular systole.Rate this question:
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Feb 05, 2024Quiz Edited by
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Jan 05, 2018Quiz Created by
Allancan
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