1.
Berikut ini contoh beberapa kebutuhan:
1. makan, minum
2. pendidikan, agama
3. pakaian, perumahan
4. rekreasi, televisi
5. olahraga, obat-obatan
Yang termasuk kebutuhan jasmani adalah ...
Correct Answer
B. 1, 3, 5
Explanation
The items listed in options 1, 3, and 5 are all related to physical or bodily needs. "Makan" (eat) and "minum" (drink) are basic physical needs for sustenance. "Pakaian" (clothing) and "perumahan" (housing) are necessary for protection and comfort. "Olahraga" (sports) is a physical activity that promotes health and well-being. "Obat-obatan" (medications) are used to treat physical ailments. Therefore, options 1, 3, and 5 are the choices that include items related to physical needs.
2.
Berikut ini contoh beberapa kebutuhan:
1. jalan
2. makan, minum
3. pakaian, rumah
4. Tempat Ibadah
5. Sekolah
Yang termasuk kebutuhan umum adalah ...
Correct Answer
C. 1, 4, 5
Explanation
The correct answer includes options 1, 4, and 5. These options cover the general needs of individuals, such as roads (option 1), places of worship (option 4), and schools (option 5). These are necessities that are essential for the well-being and development of a community. Options 2 and 3, which include food, drink, clothing, and housing, are also important needs, but they are not considered general needs as they are more specific to individual requirements.
3.
Perhatikan hal-hal di bawah ini :
1. Reboisasi
2. Keterbatasan Benda yang tersedia di alam
3. Daur ulang sampah
4.Kerusakan Sumber Daya Alam akibat ulah manusia
5.Bencana alam
Yang termasuk penyebab kelangkaan sumber daya alam adalah ...
Correct Answer
D. 2, 4, 5
Explanation
The correct answer is 2, 4, 5. This is because reforestation (reboisasi) helps in replenishing natural resources and reducing scarcity. The limited availability of resources in nature (keterbatasan benda yang tersedia di alam) contributes to their scarcity. Recycling waste (daur ulang sampah) helps in conserving resources and reducing their depletion. Human activities causing damage to natural resources (kerusakan sumber daya alam akibat ulah manusia) lead to their scarcity. Natural disasters (bencana alam) can also result in the destruction and depletion of resources, further contributing to their scarcity.
4.
Contoh tindakan dalam mengalokasikan sumber daya alam yang baik dan bermanfaat adalah adalah .....
Correct Answer
D. Bu Irma menggunakan air bersih secara hemat dan bijaksana untuk memasak kebutuhan sehari-hari
Explanation
The correct answer is Bu Irma menggunakan air bersih secara hemat dan bijaksana untuk memasak kebutuhan sehari-hari. This answer suggests that using water efficiently and wisely for daily cooking needs is an example of a good and beneficial allocation of natural resources. It shows responsible behavior towards conserving and utilizing resources effectively, which is important for sustainable development.
5.
Setelah lulus SMA, Farida mendapat 2 tawaran pekerjaan. Tawaran pertama sebagai pelayan toko di dekat rumah dengan gaji Rp600.000,- per bulan. Tawaran kedua sebagai pramusaji di sebuah rumah makan di kotanya dengan gaji Rp900.000,- per bulan.
Dengan beberapa pertimbangan, di antaranya ingin dekat keluarga, akhirnya Farida memutuskan bekerja sebagai pelayan toko daripada bekerja sebagai pramusaji.
Dari cerita di atas merupakan contoh tindakan dari ..........
Correct Answer
C. Biaya peluang
Explanation
The decision made by Farida to work as a shop assistant instead of a waitress is an example of an opportunity cost. By choosing one job, she is giving up the opportunity to work and earn a higher salary at the other job. The cost of choosing one option over the other is the potential earnings and benefits that she would have received if she had chosen differently.
6.
Pasar yang dibidik apakah berdasarkan penghasilan, daerah, atau dari sisi usia. Apakah untuk kalangan kaya? Atau untuk golongan mengengah? Apakah untuk masyarakat perkotaan atau pedesaan dan dari sisi umur, untuk konsumen usia berapa?
Dari pernyataan di atas menurut aliran ekonomi modern, termasuk masalah ekonomi ...
Correct Answer
C. For Whom
Explanation
The correct answer is "For Whom." This is because the passage is discussing the target market or intended audience of a specific market or industry. The passage asks questions about the income level, region, and age group that the market is targeting. Therefore, the focus is on identifying who the market is intended for.
7.
Perhatikan hal-hal di bawah ini :
1. Produksi
2. Konsumsi
3. Distrubusi
4. Evakuasi
5. Keseimbangan Harga
Yang termasuk masalah ekonomi menurut aliran ekonomi klasik adalah ...
Correct Answer
A. 1, 2, 3
Explanation
The correct answer is 1, 2, 3. According to the classical economic theory, the production, consumption, and distribution of goods and services are considered to be the main economic problems. These three factors are essential in understanding how an economy functions and how resources are allocated. The classical economists believed that if these issues were properly addressed, it would lead to economic growth and stability. Therefore, 1, 2, and 3 are the correct choices as they align with the classical economic perspective.
8.
Sistem ekonomi komando sering juga disebut sistem ekonomi ....
Correct Answer
E. Terpusat
Explanation
The correct answer is "Terpusat". This is because the term "sistem ekonomi komando" refers to a centrally planned economy, where the government has control over the allocation of resources and decision-making in the economy. The term "terpusat" means centralized, indicating that the economic system is controlled and directed by a central authority.
9.
Dalam mengatasi masalah ekonomi di wilayah negaranya, maka masyarakat di wilayah itu diberi kebebasan penuh untuk menentukan kegiatan ekonomi yang akan dilakukan, hal ini adalah termasuk sistem ekonomi ....
Correct Answer
B. Pasar
Explanation
The correct answer is "Pasar" because the statement mentions that the people in the region are given full freedom to determine economic activities, which aligns with the concept of a market economy. In a market economy, economic decisions are made by individuals and businesses based on supply and demand in the market.
10.
Perhatikan hal-hal di bawah ini :
1. Alat produksi yang vital dikuasai Negara dan alat produksi yang kurang penting dikelola swasta
2. Sumber ekonomi dimiliki sepenuhnya oleh pemerintah
3. Perekonomian dilaksanakan bersama antara pemerintah dan masyarakat
4. Penghasilan utama dari sektor agraris
5. Hak milik diakui sepanjang tidak bertentangan dengan kepentingan umum
Yang termasuk ciri-ciri sistem ekonomi campuran adalah ....
Correct Answer
B. 1, 3, 5
Explanation
The characteristics of a mixed economic system include the government controlling vital means of production while the less important ones are managed by the private sector (1), the economy being carried out jointly between the government and the society (3), and property rights being recognized as long as they do not contradict public interests (5). Therefore, the correct answer is 1, 3, 5.
11.
Yang termasuk keburukan dari sistem ekonomi komando adalah ...
Correct Answer
A. Inisiatif dan kreatifitas perorangan tidak berkembang sehingga menghambat kemajuan di bidang ekonomi dan teknologi
Explanation
The correct answer states that individual initiative and creativity do not develop, which hampers progress in the fields of economy and technology. This suggests that in a command economy, where the government controls and directs economic activities, there is limited room for individual innovation and entrepreneurship. Instead, economic decisions are made by the central authority, stifling the potential for individual creativity and hindering advancements in economic and technological sectors.
12.
Yang dilakukan oleh rumah tangga produksi adalah ...
Correct Answer
D. Melakukan kegiatan produksi barang dan jasa , dengan cara mengolah faktor produksi yang diterima dari rumah tangga konsumen
Explanation
The correct answer is "Melakukan kegiatan produksi barang dan jasa, dengan cara mengolah faktor produksi yang diterima dari rumah tangga konsumen." This answer explains that the household production engages in the production of goods and services by utilizing the factors of production received from consumer households. It implies that the household production sector transforms these factors of production into final goods and services for consumption.
13.
Perhatikan hal-hal di bawah ini :
1. Usia / umur
2. Tingkat pendapatan
3. Harga barang
4. Selera masyarakat atau mode
5. Cuaca / iklim
Beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi tingkat konsumsi suatu barang seseorang adalah .......
Correct Answer
D. 2, 3, 4
Explanation
The factors that can affect an individual's level of consumption of a product are age, income level, price of the product, and the preferences of society or fashion trends. These factors determine the affordability, demand, and desirability of the product, ultimately influencing the level of consumption.
14.
Pengertian tenaga terlatih adalah .....
Correct Answer
B. Tenaga kerja yang memperoleh keahlian dari pengalaman dan latihan
Explanation
The correct answer is "Tenaga kerja yang memperoleh keahlian dari pengalaman dan latihan". This is because the term "tenaga terlatih" refers to skilled labor, which implies that the workers have acquired specific skills and expertise through experience and training.
15.
Faktor produksi modal berdasarkan sifatnya adalah ...
Correct Answer
E. Modal Tetap dan Lancar
Explanation
Faktor produksi modal berdasarkan sifatnya adalah modal tetap dan lancar. Modal tetap mencakup aset-aset jangka panjang seperti bangunan, mesin, dan peralatan yang digunakan dalam produksi. Modal lancar mencakup aset-aset yang dapat dengan mudah diubah menjadi uang tunai seperti persediaan barang jadi dan piutang dagang. Kedua jenis modal ini penting dalam proses produksi dan memiliki peran yang berbeda dalam menghasilkan barang dan jasa.
16.
Peranan Masyarakat Luar Negeri dalam kegiatan ekonomi adalah ...
Correct Answer
D. Memberikan pinjaman keuangan pada negara-negara sedang berkembang melalui negara G7.
Explanation
The correct answer states that the role of foreign communities in economic activities is to provide financial loans to developing countries through the G7 countries. This implies that foreign communities contribute to the economic development of other nations by offering financial support and assistance.
17.
Di bawah ini adalah peranan perusahaan sebagai produsen dalam kegiatan ekonomi kecuali....
Correct Answer
E. Menyediakan dan menyerahkan faktor-faktor produksi
Explanation
The correct answer is "Menyediakan dan menyerahkan faktor-faktor produksi" (Providing and delivering factors of production). This answer does not align with the role of a company as a producer in economic activities. The other options, such as conducting production activities, paying for the use of factors of production, selling the produced goods and services to consumer households, and receiving payment for the sale of goods and services, all describe the typical functions and responsibilities of a company as a producer.
18.
Di bawah ini adalah peranan pemerintah dalam kegiatan ekonomi kecuali....
Correct Answer
C. Menerima pembayaran atas penjualan berang dan jasa
Explanation
The government's role in economic activities includes issuing laws, regulations, and policies to collect funds from the public, spending state revenue to purchase various government needs including preparing facilities and infrastructure related to public goods, conducting direct economic activities under state-owned enterprises, and establishing economic relations with other countries. However, the government does not have a role in receiving payments for the sale of goods and services.
19.
“Bunga modal itu dipisahkan dan tidak dimasukkan ke dalam keuntungan pengusaha” adalah teori laba pengusaha menurut ....
Correct Answer
B. Jean Baptiste Say
Explanation
According to Jean Baptiste Say's theory of profit, the capital interest is separated and not included in the entrepreneur's profit. This means that the return on capital investment is considered separate from the profit earned by the entrepreneur. Say believed that profit is derived from the productive activities of the entrepreneur, and not from the capital itself. Therefore, the correct answer is Jean Baptiste Say.
20.
Nilai tukar suatu barang ditentukan oleh ongkos yang perlu dikeluarkan untuk menghasilkan barang tersebut, yaitu biaya untuk bahan mentah dan upah buruh yang besarnya hanya cukup untuk bertahan hidup (subsisten) bagi buruh yang bersangkutan disebut ...
Correct Answer
D. Teori Upah Alami
Explanation
The correct answer is "Teori Upah Alami". The theory of natural wages, also known as the theory of subsistence wages, suggests that the exchange value of a commodity is determined by the cost required to produce it, including the cost of raw materials and the wages of laborers. These wages are just enough for the laborers to survive, known as subsistence wages. This theory argues that wages will naturally settle at this level, as any increase in wages would lead to an increase in the cost of production and ultimately higher prices for the commodity.