Test Your Molecular Biology Knowledge With This Quiz

The statement is true because in DNA, the bases adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C). This complementary base pairing is essential for the storage, transfer, and use of genetic information in DNA.

The statement in the question is incorrect. Nucleic acids are indeed polymers composed of nucleotides, but RNA stands for ribonucleic acid, not deoxyribonucleic acid. On the other hand, DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, not ribonucleic acid. Therefore, the correct answer is FALSE.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein is indeed a fundamental concept in molecular biology, known as the Central Dogma. Transcription is the process by which DNA is converted into RNA, and translation is the process by which RNA is used to produce proteins. This sequence of events is a crucial aspect of how genetic information is expressed and utilized within living organisms.

The gene is indeed the basic unit of genetic information. Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for building proteins, which are essential for the functioning and development of living organisms. These instructions determine the traits and characteristics of an individual. Genes are passed down from parents to offspring and can be inherited or mutated, leading to variations in traits within a population. Therefore, it is accurate to say that the gene is the fundamental unit of genetic information.

In prokaryotes, genes are often organized into operons, which are functional units consisting of multiple genes that are transcribed together as a single mRNA molecule. This allows for coordinated regulation of gene expression. The operon is controlled by a single regulatory region, such as a promoter and an operator, which determines when and how the genes within the operon are transcribed. Therefore, the statement that genes in prokaryotes tend to be grouped together in operons with a single regulatory region is true.

The given statement is false. The second step of protein synthesis is actually called "Translation," not "Transportation." Translation is the process where the mRNA molecule is used as a template to assemble amino acids in the correct order to form a protein. Transportation is not a step in protein synthesis.

Complex molecules, also known as macromolecules, are formed through a process called dehydration synthesis. This process involves joining smaller molecules together by removing a water molecule. Dehydration synthesis is a common mechanism in biological systems for building large and complex molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Therefore, the statement that complex molecules are made by joining smaller molecules together using dehydration synthesis is true.

Prokaryotic genes are often regulated in response to external signals such as nutrient availability. This means that the expression of these genes can be turned on or off based on the presence or absence of certain nutrients in the environment. This regulation allows prokaryotes to adapt to changing conditions and optimize their use of available resources.

The explanation for the correct answer is that transcription is indeed the name of the first step of protein synthesis. During transcription, the DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA molecule carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes, where it is used as a template for protein synthesis. Therefore, the statement "Transcription is the name of the first step of protein synthesis" is true.

There are actually three main types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The given statement is false because it incorrectly states that a copy of RNA (cRNA) is one of the three important types of RNA.