RMT Prep: Radiology/Nuclear Medicine

A Cardiolite stress test is performed to evaluate the function of the heart. This test involves injecting a radioactive tracer called Cardiolite into the bloodstream, which is taken up by the heart muscle. By monitoring the distribution of Cardiolite during rest and exercise, doctors can assess the blood flow to the heart and identify any areas that may not be receiving enough oxygen. This test helps in diagnosing heart conditions such as coronary artery disease and determining the effectiveness of treatments.

Fluoroscopy is the correct answer because it is the x-ray procedure that uses a fluorescent screen instead of a photographic plate to create a visual image. In fluoroscopy, a continuous x-ray beam is passed through the body, and the resulting image is displayed on a monitor in real-time. This technique is commonly used for procedures such as angiography, barium studies, and guided interventions. Pyelography is a different imaging technique used to visualize the urinary system, CT scan uses computer-processed x-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images, and MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to generate images of the body.

A handheld device that sends and receives sound waves is called a transducer. Transducers are used in various applications such as ultrasound imaging, sonar systems, and communication devices. They convert one form of energy (sound waves) into another form (electrical signals) and vice versa. In the context of the given question, a transducer would be the most appropriate term to describe a device that sends and receives sound waves.

Half-life is the correct answer because it refers to the time it takes for a radioactive substance to lose half of its radioactivity through decay. It is a characteristic property of each radioactive isotope and is used to determine the rate of decay and the stability of the substance.

Cholangiography is the correct answer because it is a diagnostic procedure that uses x-rays and contrast media to evaluate the bile ducts. This procedure helps in visualizing the structure and function of the bile ducts, which are responsible for carrying bile from the liver to the small intestine. By injecting contrast media into the bile ducts and taking x-ray images, any abnormalities or blockages in the ducts can be identified, aiding in the diagnosis of conditions such as gallstones, tumors, or infections. Arthrography, myelography, and pyelography are different diagnostic procedures that involve the use of x-rays and contrast media to evaluate other parts of the body.

Doppler imaging technology uses sound waves to create images of the internal structures of the body. This technique works by emitting sound waves into the body, which then bounce off the different tissues and organs. The reflected waves are then detected and analyzed to generate a visual representation of the internal structures. Sound waves are used because they can easily penetrate through the body and provide detailed images without causing any harm to the patient. This makes Doppler imaging a safe and effective method for diagnosing various medical conditions.

A radioactive iodine uptake test is used to assess the thyroid. This test involves administering a small amount of radioactive iodine to the patient, which is taken up by the thyroid gland. By measuring the amount of radioactive iodine taken up by the thyroid, doctors can evaluate its function and determine if there are any abnormalities or diseases present, such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. This test is commonly used to diagnose and monitor thyroid conditions.

The correct answer is posteroanterior (PA) view. In a PA view chest x-ray, the x-rays pass through the patient's back and travel toward the front of the chest. This view is commonly used because it provides a clear image of the heart and lungs, allowing for the detection of abnormalities such as pneumonia, lung tumors, and heart conditions. The PA view is considered the standard view for a chest x-ray.

A CT scan would be ordered to rule out a cerebrovascular accident because it is an imaging test that can provide detailed images of the brain and detect any abnormalities, such as bleeding or blockages in the blood vessels. A cerebrovascular accident, also known as a stroke, occurs when there is a disruption of blood flow to the brain, and a CT scan can help identify the cause of the symptoms and determine the appropriate treatment. The other tests listed, MUGA scan, KUB, and V/Q scan, are not specifically designed to diagnose cerebrovascular accidents.

The sagittal plane is the correct answer because it divides the body into left and right halves. This plane runs vertically from front to back, dividing the body into symmetrical halves. The transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower halves, the dorsal plane divides the body into back and front halves, and the axial plane is not a valid anatomical plane.

Lateral decubitus is an imaging position in which the patient lies on their side with the x-ray beam projecting horizontally. This position allows for visualization of structures that may not be clearly seen in other positions. It is commonly used to assess the lungs and pleural effusions. Prone refers to lying face down, recumbent refers to lying down in any position, and supine refers to lying on the back.

A dosimeter is an instrument used to measure exposure to radiation. It is commonly worn by individuals working in environments where they may be exposed to radiation, such as nuclear power plants or medical facilities. The dosimeter measures the amount of radiation absorbed by the wearer over a period of time and provides an accurate reading of their exposure level. This information is crucial for monitoring and ensuring the safety of individuals working in potentially hazardous radiation environments.

The transverse plane, also known as the horizontal plane, is the anatomical plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) sections. This plane is perpendicular to the long axis of the body and runs horizontally from left to right. It separates the body into upper and lower portions, allowing for the examination of structures located above or below the plane.

The term "cephalic" is derived from the Greek word "kephalē," which means "head." Therefore, when something is described as "cephalic," it indicates a direction towards the head. This can be used to describe the position or orientation of a body part or an organism.

On x-ray film, a radiopaque image appears white. This is because radiopaque substances, such as bone or metal, absorb the x-rays and prevent them from passing through. As a result, these areas appear white on the film. In contrast, radiolucent substances, like air or soft tissue, allow x-rays to pass through, resulting in a darker or clear appearance on the film. Therefore, the correct answer is white.

Hypaque is a contrast media commonly used in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography. Contrast media are substances that are used to enhance the visibility of certain structures or organs in medical imaging. They help to differentiate between different tissues or fluids in the body, making it easier to identify abnormalities or diagnose conditions. In this case, Hypaque is specifically used in these three types of studies to improve the visualization of the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, and urinary system, respectively.

Scintigraphy is a noninvasive study that involves the administration of a radionuclide and the use of a special camera to obtain a two-dimensional image of the radioactive tissues. This technique is commonly used in nuclear medicine to diagnose and evaluate various conditions, such as cancer, bone disorders, and heart diseases. It allows healthcare professionals to visualize the distribution and function of the radioactive substance within the body, providing valuable information for diagnosis and treatment planning. Echocardiography, tomography, and stereoadiography are different imaging techniques that do not involve the administration of a radionuclide.

The word "oblique" refers to something that is slanted or inclined rather than being straight or horizontal. It does not mean "up and down" or "side to side" as those terms describe vertical and horizontal movements respectively. "Parallel" is also not an accurate synonym for "oblique" as it refers to lines or objects that are equidistant and never intersect. Therefore, the correct answer is "slanted" which accurately describes the meaning of the word "oblique".

The correct answer is "MRI of the brain shows no midline shift or evidence of intracranial mass." This option accurately transcribes the original statement without any errors or misspellings. It correctly describes the absence of midline shift and presence of intracranial mass based on the MRI of the brain.

Palliative radiation therapy is a type of treatment that is used to alleviate pain in patients. It focuses on providing relief and improving the quality of life for individuals who are experiencing pain due to cancer or other conditions. Unlike curative radiation therapy, which aims to cure the disease, palliative radiation therapy is not intended to cure the underlying condition but rather to manage symptoms and provide comfort to the patient. It is often used in cases where the disease is advanced or not responsive to other forms of treatment. This treatment can help reduce pain and improve the overall well-being of the patient.

A ventilation/perfusion lung scan is a diagnostic test used to assess the blood flow and air distribution in the lungs. It is commonly performed to rule out pulmonary embolus, which is a blockage in the arteries of the lungs usually caused by a blood clot. This test helps to determine if there is any obstruction in the blood vessels supplying the lungs, which can be indicative of a pulmonary embolus. It is important to rule out pulmonary embolus as it can be a life-threatening condition if left untreated. Therefore, a ventilation/perfusion lung scan is a valuable tool in diagnosing and ruling out this condition.

Echocardiography is a diagnostic imaging technique that uses sound waves to create real-time images of the heart. It is useful for detecting heart valve defects because it allows the visualization of the heart valves and their movement. By assessing the structure and function of the valves, echocardiography can identify abnormalities such as valve stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leakage). This information is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring conditions like mitral valve prolapse, aortic valve stenosis, or tricuspid valve regurgitation. Therefore, echocardiography is an effective tool for detecting heart valve defects.

Brachytherapy is a form of radiation therapy that involves placing implants within or near the tissue to be treated. These implants contain radioactive materials that emit radiation directly to the targeted area, delivering a high dose of radiation while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. This localized approach allows for precise treatment of tumors or other abnormal tissues, making brachytherapy an effective treatment option for various types of cancer. "Interventional radiation," "scintigraphy," and "pyretotherapy" are not accurate terms for this type of radiation therapy.

The correct answer is "The AP scout film of the abdomen and pelvis shows surgical clips in the right upper quadrant." This is the correct transcription because it accurately describes the type of film (scout film), the body part being imaged (abdomen and pelvis), and the presence of surgical clips in the right upper quadrant. The other options contain errors such as "blips" instead of "clips" or incorrect film names like "spout" instead of "scout."

The correct answer is "median." The median plane is an anatomical plane that runs through the midline of the body, dividing it into equal left and right halves. It transects the nose, naval, and spine, making it the correct answer for this question. The frontal plane divides the body into front and back portions, the transverse plane divides it into upper and lower portions, and the coronal plane divides it into front and back portions.

Eversion means turning outward.

An in vitro test is performed outside the body. This means that the test is conducted in a controlled laboratory setting, typically using isolated cells or tissues, rather than inside a living organism. In vitro tests are commonly used to study the effects of drugs, chemicals, or diseases on cells or tissues, and can provide important insights into biological processes and potential treatments.

The correct answer is "T1, FLAIR, and fast T2 images were obtained." The term "FLAIR" stands for Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery, which is a specific imaging technique used in MRI scans. In the context of the question, it is important to transcribe the term accurately to maintain the integrity and specificity of the information being conveyed.

The correct answer is "There is a 3.5-cm soft tissue mass in the colon which is worrisome for malignancy. A barium enema is recommended for further evaluation." This is the correct transcription because it accurately represents the original statement, including the size of the mass (3.5 cm), the description (soft tissue), the location (in the colon), and the concern for malignancy. It also correctly suggests a barium enema as the recommended procedure for further evaluation.

The combining form "is/o" means "the same". This means that when the prefix "is/o" is added to a word, it indicates that the word is related to or has the same characteristics as the root word. For example, "isochronous" means having the same time or duration. Therefore, the correct answer is "the same".