Rt Study Guide Cardiovascular II
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Pressure during contraction phase of the heart
- A.
Diastolic pressure
- B.
Systolic pressure
- C.
Pressure gradient
- D.
Osmotic pressure
Correct Answer
B. Systolic pressureExplanation
Systolic pressure refers to the maximum pressure exerted by the blood against the arterial walls during the contraction phase of the heart. This is the moment when the heart pumps blood out into the arteries. Diastolic pressure, on the other hand, refers to the minimum pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest and refilling with blood. The pressure gradient refers to the change in pressure over a given distance, while osmotic pressure is the pressure exerted by the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Normal value of systolic pressure
- A.
90 - 130 mmHg
- B.
80 - 110 mmHg
- C.
60 -70 mmHg
- D.
130 - 150 mmHg
Correct Answer
A. 90 - 130 mmHgExplanation
The normal value of systolic pressure is typically between 90 - 130 mmHg. This range indicates the pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries when the heart contracts and pumps blood. Systolic pressure is an important measure of cardiovascular health and can help identify conditions such as hypertension or hypotension. Values below or above this range may indicate abnormal blood pressure levels and may require medical attention.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Reflection of the cardiac work (left ventricle pump)
- A.
Diastolic pressure
- B.
Negative pressure
- C.
Systolic pressure
- D.
Positive pressure
Correct Answer
C. Systolic pressureExplanation
Systolic pressure refers to the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts and pumps blood out. It is the highest pressure reached during a cardiac cycle and is an important indicator of the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. This pressure is necessary to push blood through the arteries and deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues. Therefore, the systolic pressure reflects the work of the left ventricle pump, which is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Pressure during relaxation phase of the heart
- A.
Systolic pressure
- B.
Diastolic pressure
- C.
Negative pressure
- D.
Positive pressure
Correct Answer
B. Diastolic pressureExplanation
Diastolic pressure refers to the pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries when the heart is at rest between contractions. During this relaxation phase of the heart, the ventricles fill with blood and the pressure in the arteries decreases. Diastolic pressure is an important measure of the health of the cardiovascular system and is typically lower than systolic pressure, which is the pressure exerted on the arterial walls when the heart contracts. Therefore, diastolic pressure is the correct answer in this context.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Normal value of diastolic pressure
- A.
90 - 120 mmHg
- B.
60 -70 mmHg
- C.
60 - 90 mmHg
- D.
100 - 12 mmHg
Correct Answer
C. 60 - 90 mmHgExplanation
The normal value of diastolic pressure is typically between 60 - 90 mmHg. Diastolic pressure represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats. This measurement is important because it indicates the resistance of blood flow in the arteries and reflects the health of the cardiovascular system. A diastolic pressure below 60 mmHg may indicate low blood pressure, while a diastolic pressure above 90 mmHg may suggest high blood pressure. Therefore, the range of 60 - 90 mmHg is considered the normal and healthy range for diastolic pressure.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Reflection of blood volume
- A.
Diastolic pressure
- B.
Systolic pressure
- C.
Positive pressure
- D.
Negative pressure
Correct Answer
A. Diastolic pressureExplanation
Diastolic pressure refers to the lower number in a blood pressure reading and represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats. It is an important indicator of the health of the cardiovascular system and can help identify conditions such as hypertension. The diastolic pressure reflects the resistance to blood flow in the arteries and the overall blood volume in the body.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Shock is equal to
- A.
Low blood pressure
- B.
High blood pressure
- C.
Low calcium
- D.
Low cholesterol
Correct Answer
A. Low blood pressureExplanation
Shock is a medical condition characterized by a sudden drop in blood pressure, leading to inadequate blood flow and oxygen supply to the body's organs and tissues. This can occur due to various reasons such as severe bleeding, dehydration, infection, or heart problems. Low blood pressure is a common symptom of shock, as the body is unable to maintain normal blood pressure levels. Therefore, low blood pressure is the correct answer in this case.Rate this question:
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- 8.
MI>120/80>100/80
- A.
Non cardiogenic shock
- B.
Cardiogenic shock
- C.
Hypertension
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
B. Cardiogenic shockExplanation
The given statement "MI>120/80>100/80" suggests that the blood pressure is fluctuating, with the systolic pressure being higher than 120/80 and the diastolic pressure being lower than 100/80. This pattern is commonly seen in cardiogenic shock, which is a condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. In cardiogenic shock, the heart's ability to contract and pump blood is significantly impaired, leading to low blood pressure and inadequate blood flow to the organs. Therefore, the correct answer is cardiogenic shock.Rate this question:
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- 9.
GSW>>>120/80>>>100/50
- A.
Non cardiogenic shock
- B.
Cardiogenic shock
- C.
Hypertension
- D.
Non of the above
Correct Answer
A. Non cardiogenic shockExplanation
The given blood pressure readings of 120/80 and 100/50 indicate a decrease in blood pressure, which is a characteristic of shock. However, the term "non cardiogenic" suggests that the cause of the shock is not related to the heart. Cardiogenic shock, on the other hand, is caused by a heart-related issue. Therefore, the correct answer is non cardiogenic shock.Rate this question:
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- 10.
When a patient has excessive blood loss or low blood volume they may go into
- A.
Cardiac arrest
- B.
Non cardiogenic shock
- C.
Cardiogenic shock
- D.
A coma
Correct Answer
B. Non cardiogenic shockExplanation
When a patient experiences excessive blood loss or low blood volume, their body may go into non-cardiogenic shock. Non-cardiogenic shock is a condition in which the heart is still functioning properly, but the body's organs and tissues are not receiving enough oxygen and nutrients due to inadequate blood flow. This can lead to a drop in blood pressure, decreased organ function, and potentially life-threatening complications.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Cardiogenic shock is exerted by
- A.
Systolic pressure
- B.
Diastolic pressure
- C.
Negative pressure
- D.
Positive pressure
Correct Answer
A. Systolic pressureExplanation
Cardiogenic shock is exerted by systolic pressure because systolic pressure refers to the force exerted by the heart when it contracts and pumps blood into the arteries. In cardiogenic shock, the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, leading to a decrease in systolic pressure. This can result in inadequate blood flow to vital organs and tissues, causing organ dysfunction and potentially life-threatening complications.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Non cardiogenic shock is exerted by the volume of
- A.
Systolic pressure
- B.
Positive pressure
- C.
Diastolic pressure
- D.
Negative pressure
Correct Answer
C. Diastolic pressureExplanation
Non-cardiogenic shock refers to a condition where the heart is functioning properly, but the body is unable to receive enough oxygen and nutrients. Diastolic pressure is the pressure exerted on the arteries when the heart is at rest between contractions. In non-cardiogenic shock, the diastolic pressure may be low, leading to inadequate blood flow to the organs and tissues. This can result in symptoms such as low blood pressure, organ failure, and decreased urine output. Therefore, diastolic pressure plays a crucial role in non-cardiogenic shock.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Average pressure in the Arterial System over a given time
- A.
Mean arterial pressure
- B.
Partial pressure
- C.
100 % saturation
- D.
Negative pressure
Correct Answer
A. Mean arterial pressureExplanation
Mean arterial pressure refers to the average pressure in the arterial system over a given time. It is calculated by considering both the systolic and diastolic pressures during a cardiac cycle. This value is important as it represents the average pressure that is exerted on the walls of the arteries, ensuring adequate blood flow to the organs and tissues. It is used as an indicator of overall cardiovascular health and is often monitored in medical settings to assess the effectiveness of blood pressure management.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Normal value of blood pressure
- A.
4 - 8 Lpm
- B.
80 - 100 mmHg
- C.
60 - 100 mmHg
- D.
60 - 80 mmHg
Correct Answer
B. 80 - 100 mmHgExplanation
The normal value of blood pressure is typically between 80 - 100 mmHg. Blood pressure is a measure of the force of blood against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps it around the body. A reading of 80 - 100 mmHg is considered within the normal range and indicates a healthy blood pressure level. It is important to maintain a normal blood pressure to prevent cardiovascular diseases and other health complications.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Severely decreases perfusion to main organs if the Mean Arterial Pressure falls below
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
Correct Answer
A. -
- 16.
Total amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute
- A.
Systolic pressure
- B.
Cardiac output
- C.
Mean arterial pressure
- D.
Diastolic pressure
Correct Answer
B. Cardiac outputExplanation
Cardiac output refers to the total amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. It is a measure of the efficiency and effectiveness of the heart in delivering oxygenated blood to the body. Cardiac output is influenced by factors such as heart rate and stroke volume, which is the amount of blood pumped with each heartbeat. By measuring cardiac output, healthcare professionals can assess the heart's ability to meet the body's oxygen demands and identify any potential cardiovascular issues.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Cardiac Output = Heart Rate X ?
- A.
Stroke volume
- B.
Mean arterial pressure
- C.
Systolic pressure
- D.
3
Correct Answer
A. Stroke volumeExplanation
Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. It is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (number of heartbeats per minute) by the stroke volume (amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat). Therefore, the correct answer is stroke volume because it is one of the factors that determines cardiac output.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Normal value for cardiac output
- A.
10 mmHg
- B.
5 L/min
- C.
80 - 100mmHg
- D.
120/80
Correct Answer
B. 5 L/minExplanation
The normal value for cardiac output is 5 L/min. Cardiac output refers to the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute. It is an important measure of the heart's efficiency in delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body. A cardiac output of 5 L/min is considered within the normal range for a healthy individual.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Absolute value for cardiac output
- A.
Stroke volume
- B.
5 L/min
- C.
10 mmHg
- D.
120/80
Correct Answer
B. 5 L/minExplanation
The given answer, 5 L/min, represents the cardiac output. Cardiac output refers to the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute. It is calculated by multiplying the stroke volume (the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one beat) by the heart rate (the number of beats per minute). Therefore, a cardiac output of 5 L/min indicates that the heart is pumping 5 liters of blood per minute.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Absolute value for Mean Arterial Pressure
- A.
82
- B.
90
- C.
95
- D.
85
Correct Answer
B. 90Explanation
The mean arterial pressure (MAP) is a measure of the average blood pressure in the arteries during a single cardiac cycle. It is calculated by adding twice the diastolic pressure to the systolic pressure and dividing the sum by 3. In this case, the given values are 82, 90, 95, and 85. By calculating the MAP for each value, we find that the MAP for 82 is 84.67, for 90 is 91.67, for 95 is 95.67, and for 85 is 88.33. Therefore, the correct answer is 90, as it has the closest value to the calculated MAP.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute divided by body surface area
- A.
Surface tension
- B.
Cardiac index
- C.
Cardiac output
- D.
Stroke volume
Correct Answer
B. Cardiac indexExplanation
The cardiac index is a measure of the heart's efficiency in pumping blood per minute relative to the individual's body surface area. It is calculated by dividing the cardiac output (volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute) by the body surface area. This measurement is important in assessing cardiac function and determining if the heart is able to meet the body's demands for oxygen and nutrients.Rate this question:
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- 22.
When cardiac index goes up so does
- A.
Cardiac output
- B.
Stroke volume
- C.
End diastolic volume (EDS)
- D.
End systolic volume (ESV)
Correct Answer
A. Cardiac outputExplanation
When the cardiac index goes up, it means that the heart is pumping more blood per minute. This increase in cardiac index is directly related to an increase in cardiac output, which is the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute. Therefore, when the cardiac index goes up, the cardiac output also increases.Rate this question:
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- 23.
When cardiac index goes down so does
- A.
End diastolic volume (EDV)
- B.
End systolic volume (ESV)
- C.
Cardiac output
- D.
Stroke volume
Correct Answer
C. Cardiac outputExplanation
When the cardiac index goes down, it means that the heart is pumping less blood per minute. This decrease in cardiac output is caused by a decrease in both stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat) and heart rate. As a result, both end diastolic volume (the amount of blood in the heart at the end of filling) and end systolic volume (the amount of blood left in the heart after contraction) decrease. This reduction in cardiac output can be caused by various factors such as heart failure, dehydration, or certain medications.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each ventricular contraction
- A.
Cardiac index
- B.
End diastolic volume (EDV)
- C.
Stroke volume
- D.
Cardiac output
Correct Answer
C. Stroke volumeExplanation
Stroke volume refers to the amount of blood that is ejected from the ventricle with each ventricular contraction. It is an important measure of the heart's efficiency in pumping blood. Cardiac index, end diastolic volume (EDV), and cardiac output are related to stroke volume but do not specifically measure the amount of blood ejected with each contraction. Therefore, stroke volume is the correct answer in this context.Rate this question:
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- 25.
As stroke volume goes up (more blood is pushed out) so does
- A.
End systolic volume (ESV)
- B.
Cardiac output
- C.
Stroke index
- D.
Cardiac index
Correct Answer
B. Cardiac outputExplanation
As stroke volume increases, more blood is pushed out of the heart with each contraction. This leads to an increase in the amount of blood remaining in the heart at the end of systole, known as end systolic volume (ESV). Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute, which is determined by multiplying stroke volume by heart rate. Therefore, as stroke volume increases, cardiac output also increases. Stroke index and cardiac index are similar measures, but they take into account the body surface area. Since stroke volume and cardiac output are directly related, an increase in stroke volume would also result in an increase in stroke index and cardiac index.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Normal value for stroke volume
- A.
4 - 8 Lpm
- B.
6 - 30 ml/beat
- C.
15 - 20 ml/beat
- D.
10 mmHg
Correct Answer
B. 6 - 30 ml/beatExplanation
The normal value for stroke volume is typically between 6 and 30 ml/beat. Stroke volume refers to the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each heartbeat. This range is considered normal as it can vary depending on factors such as age, sex, and physical activity level. A stroke volume below or above this range may indicate a potential cardiovascular issue.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Volume to which the ventricles fill during diastole
- A.
Cardiac output
- B.
End diastolic volume (EDV)
- C.
End systolic volume (ESV)
- D.
Cardiac index
Correct Answer
B. End diastolic volume (EDV)Explanation
End diastolic volume (EDV) refers to the volume of blood that fills the ventricles during diastole, which is the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle. During diastole, the ventricles are relaxed and the blood from the atria flows into the ventricles, increasing their volume. EDV is an important determinant of cardiac output, which is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. An increase in EDV leads to an increase in stroke volume, the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each heartbeat, and subsequently increases cardiac output. Therefore, EDV is the correct answer as it directly relates to the volume to which the ventricles fill during diastole.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Volume remaining after systole
- A.
Mean arterial pressure
- B.
End systolic volume (ESV)
- C.
Cardiac output
- D.
Cardiac index
Correct Answer
B. End systolic volume (ESV)Explanation
End systolic volume (ESV) refers to the volume of blood remaining in the ventricle at the end of systole, or the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle. It represents the amount of blood that is not ejected from the ventricle during each heartbeat. The ESV is an important measure as it directly affects the stroke volume, which is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction. Therefore, a higher ESV can indicate a decrease in cardiac function and a lower stroke volume, which can ultimately lead to a decrease in cardiac output.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Proportion of EDV ejected on each stroke
- A.
Ejection Positive Fraction
- B.
Ejection Fraction
- C.
Ejection Pressure
- D.
Ejection Negative Pressure
Correct Answer
B. Ejection FractionExplanation
Ejection Fraction refers to the proportion of the end-diastolic volume (EDV) that is ejected from the left ventricle with each stroke. It is a measure of the heart's efficiency in pumping blood out to the body. A higher ejection fraction indicates a stronger and more efficient heart, while a lower ejection fraction may indicate heart dysfunction or disease.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Normal value of Ejection Fraction (EF)
- A.
80 - 100 mmHg
- B.
64%
- C.
4 - 8 Lpm
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. 64%Explanation
The given correct answer, 64%, is the normal value for Ejection Fraction (EF). Ejection Fraction is a measurement of how well the heart is pumping out blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. It is expressed as a percentage and represents the proportion of blood that is pumped out with each heartbeat. A normal EF value ranges between 50% and 70%, with 64% falling within this range. The other options provided, 80 - 100 mmHg and 4 - 8 Lpm, are not relevant to the measurement of Ejection Fraction.Rate this question:
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- 31.
A term used when ventricles are being filled
- A.
Blood pressure
- B.
Preload
- C.
Ejection fraction
- D.
Pumping
Correct Answer
B. PreloadExplanation
Preload refers to the amount of blood that fills the ventricles of the heart during diastole, the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle. It represents the stretching of the myocardial fibers in the ventricles just before contraction. Preload is an important determinant of stroke volume, the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat. An increase in preload leads to an increase in stroke volume and cardiac output. Therefore, preload is a term used to describe the filling of the ventricles before contraction occurs.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Initial stretch of the ventricle that affects stroke volume
- A.
Heart beat
- B.
Preload
- C.
Ejection fraction
- D.
Stretch receptor
Correct Answer
B. PreloadExplanation
Preload refers to the amount of blood that fills the ventricles of the heart during diastole, or the relaxation phase. The initial stretch of the ventricle, which is determined by the amount of blood returning to the heart, directly affects the preload. When the ventricle is adequately stretched, it allows for a greater force of contraction during systole, resulting in a higher stroke volume, or the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat. Therefore, preload is the correct answer as it directly influences stroke volume.Rate this question:
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- 33.
When ventricles are being filled during preload it creates a factor
- A.
Affecting stroke volume
- B.
Determining charles law
- C.
Determining daltons law
- D.
Of external respiration
Correct Answer
A. Affecting stroke volumeExplanation
When the ventricles are being filled during preload, it affects stroke volume. Preload refers to the amount of blood that fills the ventricles before they contract. The more blood that fills the ventricles during preload, the greater the stretch on the ventricular walls, leading to a more forceful contraction and an increased stroke volume. Therefore, the factor of ventricular filling during preload has a direct impact on stroke volume, which is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Factors that fall under stroke volume
- A.
End systolic volume (ESV)
- B.
End diastolic volume (EDV)
- C.
Ejection fraction (EF)
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
The factors that fall under stroke volume include end systolic volume (ESV), end diastolic volume (EDV), and ejection fraction (EF). Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction. End systolic volume refers to the amount of blood remaining in the ventricle after contraction, while end diastolic volume is the amount of blood in the ventricle before contraction. Ejection fraction is the percentage of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each contraction. Therefore, all of these factors contribute to stroke volume.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Causes a low cardiac output (CO), ejection fraction (EF) and blood pressure (BP)
- A.
Hypertension (HTN)
- B.
Myocardio infarction (MI)
- C.
Heated humidifier
- D.
Hypothermia
Correct Answer
B. Myocardio infarction (MI)Explanation
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the correct answer because it is a condition that can cause a low cardiac output (CO), ejection fraction (EF), and blood pressure (BP). MI occurs when there is a blockage in the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle, leading to damage or death of the heart tissue. This can result in decreased pumping ability of the heart, reduced ejection fraction, and decreased blood pressure. Hypertension (HTN) and a heated humidifier are not directly related to the given symptoms, and hypothermia can cause low cardiac output and blood pressure, but not necessarily a reduced ejection fraction.Rate this question:
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- 36.
The greater the "preload", the greater the tension on
- A.
Contraction
- B.
Alveoli
- C.
Vasodilation
- D.
Heart
Correct Answer
A. ContractionExplanation
As the question suggests, the greater the "preload", the greater the tension on contraction. Preload refers to the amount of blood that fills the heart's ventricles before it contracts. When the preload is increased, it stretches the muscle fibers in the heart, resulting in a stronger contraction. Therefore, the correct answer is contraction.Rate this question:
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- 37.
The greater the preload, the greater the tension on contraction affects
- A.
Heart
- B.
Stroke volume
- C.
Upper airways
- D.
External inspiration
Correct Answer
B. Stroke volumeExplanation
Preload refers to the amount of blood that fills the heart's ventricles before it contracts. When the preload is increased, it stretches the muscle fibers of the heart, leading to a more forceful contraction. This results in an increased stroke volume, which is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction. Therefore, the greater the preload, the greater the tension on contraction affects the stroke volume.Rate this question:
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- 38.
During Preload, if their is a loss of blood in the right atria it will have a
- A.
Back up flow
- B.
Decrease in the stretch of the ventricle
- C.
Increase in blood flow throughout the systemic circuit
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Decrease in the stretch of the ventricleExplanation
During preload, the right atria fills with blood before it is pumped into the right ventricle. If there is a loss of blood in the right atria, it means that there is less blood available to fill the ventricle. As a result, the stretch of the ventricle will decrease because there is less blood volume to stretch the walls of the ventricle. This decrease in stretch can affect the efficiency of the heart's pumping action.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Force against which the heart must pump
- A.
Stroke volume
- B.
Afterload
- C.
Preload
- D.
Ejection fraction
Correct Answer
B. AfterloadExplanation
Afterload refers to the force against which the heart must pump blood during systole. It is the resistance that the left ventricle has to overcome in order to eject blood into the systemic circulation. This resistance is determined by factors such as systemic vascular resistance and arterial blood pressure. A higher afterload can make it more difficult for the heart to pump blood, leading to increased workload and potentially causing cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, afterload is an important factor in determining cardiac output and overall cardiovascular function.Rate this question:
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- 40.
In clinical practice, what equals systemic vascular resistance
- A.
Right ventricular preload
- B.
Left ventricular after load
- C.
Right atrium pulmonary circuit
- D.
Left atrium systemic circuit
Correct Answer
B. Left ventricular after loadExplanation
The left ventricular afterload refers to the resistance that the left ventricle must overcome to eject blood into the systemic circulation. It is a measure of the pressure against which the ventricle must pump, and is determined by factors such as arterial blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance. Therefore, in clinical practice, systemic vascular resistance is equal to left ventricular afterload.Rate this question:
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- 41.
To much vasoconstriction in the lungs distal from the pump causes
- A.
Increase in afterload
- B.
Decrease in preload
- C.
Decrease in afterload
- D.
Increase in preload
Correct Answer
A. Increase in afterloadExplanation
An increase in afterload occurs when there is excessive vasoconstriction in the lungs distal from the pump. Afterload refers to the resistance that the heart must overcome to eject blood into the systemic circulation. When there is vasoconstriction in the lungs, it increases the resistance that the heart has to overcome, making it harder for the heart to pump blood out of the left ventricle. This leads to an increase in afterload, as the heart has to work harder to overcome the increased resistance, ultimately affecting cardiac output and potentially leading to heart dysfunction.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Force created to push blood out of the ventricle
- A.
Afterload
- B.
Preload
- C.
Ejection fraction
- D.
Stroke volume
Correct Answer
A. AfterloadExplanation
Afterload refers to the force or resistance that the ventricle must overcome to eject blood out of the heart and into the circulation. It represents the pressure in the arteries that the heart has to work against. In this case, the force created to push blood out of the ventricle is related to the afterload because it is the resistance that the heart needs to overcome in order to eject blood effectively. Preload, ejection fraction, and stroke volume are not directly related to the force created to push blood out of the ventricle.Rate this question:
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- 43.
After load and preload affect
- A.
End diastolic volume
- B.
Ejection fraction
- C.
Stroke volume
- D.
End systolic volume
Correct Answer
C. Stroke volumeExplanation
Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction. It is determined by the difference between the end diastolic volume (the amount of blood in the ventricles just before contraction) and the end systolic volume (the amount of blood remaining in the ventricles after contraction). Therefore, changes in the preload (the amount of blood filling the ventricles during diastole) and afterload (the resistance the heart must overcome to pump blood out) can directly impact the stroke volume.Rate this question:
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- 44.
What can be administered to decrease afterload
- A.
Vasodilation
- B.
Blood thinner
- C.
Antibiotics
- D.
A and B
Correct Answer
D. A and BExplanation
Vasodilation refers to the widening of blood vessels, which can decrease afterload. Afterload is the resistance that the heart has to overcome to pump blood out of the left ventricle and into the systemic circulation. By dilating blood vessels, the resistance against which the heart has to pump is reduced, thus decreasing afterload. Blood thinners, such as anticoagulants, can also help decrease afterload by preventing the formation of blood clots that could obstruct blood flow and increase resistance. Therefore, both vasodilation and blood thinners can be administered to decrease afterload.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Amount of systolic force exerted by heart muscle at any given preload
- A.
Afterload
- B.
Contractility
- C.
Stroke volume
- D.
End diastolic volume
Correct Answer
B. ContractilityExplanation
Contractility refers to the ability of the heart muscle to contract and generate force. It is independent of preload and afterload, which are factors that affect the amount of blood in the heart and the resistance the heart has to pump against, respectively. Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected from the heart with each contraction, and end diastolic volume is the amount of blood in the heart at the end of diastole. Therefore, contractility is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the force exerted by the heart muscle during contraction, regardless of other factors.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Increases in contractility lead to a higher
- A.
Ejection fraction (EF)
- B.
End diastolic volume (EDV)
- C.
End systolic volume (ESV)
- D.
Stroke volume
Correct Answer
A. Ejection fraction (EF)Explanation
When contractility increases, the heart muscle becomes stronger and is able to contract more forcefully. This results in a higher ejection fraction (EF), which is the percentage of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each heartbeat. A higher EF means that more blood is being pumped out of the heart, leading to a more efficient circulation of blood throughout the body. The other options, such as end diastolic volume (EDV), end systolic volume (ESV), and stroke volume, may also be affected by changes in contractility, but the ejection fraction specifically measures the efficiency of the heart's pumping function.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Increases in contractility leads to a LOWER
- A.
Ejection fraction
- B.
End systolic volume (ESV)
- C.
End diastolic volume (EDV)
- D.
Stroke volume
Correct Answer
B. End systolic volume (ESV)Explanation
An increase in contractility refers to the ability of the heart to contract more forcefully. When contractility increases, the heart is able to pump out more blood with each contraction. This results in a decrease in end systolic volume (ESV), which is the amount of blood remaining in the ventricle at the end of systole (contraction phase). A lower ESV means that more blood has been ejected from the heart, leading to a higher ejection fraction (the percentage of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each contraction). End diastolic volume (EDV) and stroke volume may not necessarily be affected by changes in contractility.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Increases in contractility leads to a HIGHER
- A.
Preload
- B.
Stroke volume (SV)
- C.
(EDV)
- D.
(ESV)
Correct Answer
B. Stroke volume (SV)Explanation
When contractility increases, it means that the force of contraction of the heart muscle increases. This results in a stronger and more efficient pumping action of the heart, allowing it to eject a larger volume of blood with each beat. As a result, the stroke volume (SV), which is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction, increases. The preload, which is the amount of blood filling the heart before it contracts, may or may not increase depending on other factors. The end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV) are not directly affected by contractility.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Contractility affects
- A.
Stroke volume (SV)
- B.
End systolic volume (ESV)
- C.
End diastolic volume (EDV)
- D.
Blood pressure (BP)
Correct Answer
A. Stroke volume (SV)Explanation
Contractility refers to the force with which the heart muscle contracts during each heartbeat. It determines the amount of blood that is pumped out of the heart with each contraction. An increase in contractility leads to an increase in stroke volume (SV), which is the amount of blood ejected from the heart with each beat. This means that the heart is able to pump a larger volume of blood with each contraction. Therefore, contractility directly affects stroke volume (SV).Rate this question:
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- 50.
Decreases in contractility leads to LOWER
- A.
Stroke volume (SV)
- B.
End diastolic volume (EDV)
- C.
Ejection fraction (EF)
- D.
End systolic volume (ESV)
Correct Answer
C. Ejection fraction (EF)Explanation
Ejection fraction (EF) is a measure of the percentage of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart with each contraction. A decrease in contractility means that the heart is not able to pump blood as effectively, leading to a lower ejection fraction. This means that a smaller percentage of blood is being pumped out of the heart with each contraction. Therefore, the correct answer is ejection fraction (EF).Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jul 02, 2016Quiz Created by
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