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Explanation The correct answer is "has now begun" because the subject of the sentence is singular ("NO CHANGE"), so the verb should also be singular ("has"). Additionally, the past participle form of the verb "begin" is "begun," which is used correctly in this answer choice.
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2.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Air, carbon dioxide sulfur dioxide, ammonia among others, or
C.
Air---carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ammonia among others, or
D.
Air, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, among others--or
Correct Answer
A. NO CHANGE
Explanation The correct answer is "NO CHANGE" because all the given options are grammatically correct and do not change the meaning of the sentence. The phrase "air, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ammonia among others" is written correctly without any need for punctuation changes.
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3.
See Chart Here
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
For example, the vast majority of the threats to the Great Lakes comes as a result of human activity.
C.
For example, approximately 24 percent of the threats to the Great Lakes comes as a result of human activity.
D.
For example, environmental regulations have successfully negated human activity as a source of threats to the Great Lakes.
Correct Answer
B. For example, the vast majority of the threats to the Great Lakes comes as a result of human activity.
Explanation The given correct answer is "For example, the vast majority of the threats to the Great Lakes comes as a result of human activity." This answer accurately states that human activity is the main cause of threats to the Great Lakes. It implies that the majority of the threats, if not all, can be attributed to human actions.
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4.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Principals
C.
Principle concepts
D.
Principal ideas
Correct Answer
A. NO CHANGE
5.
Which choice provides the most logical introduction to this sentence?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Habitually,
C.
Other times,
D.
Possibly,
Correct Answer
C. Other times,
Explanation "Other times" is the most logical introduction to this sentence because it suggests that there are different situations or circumstances that can occur. It implies that there are multiple possibilities or options to consider, which is appropriate for introducing a sentence that may have different outcomes or explanations depending on the context.
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6.
Which choice gives the most logical contrast with the second part of the sentence?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Educational,
C.
Preferable,
D.
Adequate,
Correct Answer
C. Preferable,
Explanation The word "preferable" provides the most logical contrast with the second part of the sentence. The other options, "educational" and "adequate," do not present a clear opposition or contrast. "Preferable" suggests that there is another option that is better or more desirable than the second part of the sentence.
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7.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
A starting gig,
C.
A position acquired at the outset of one's career,
D.
A job,
Correct Answer
A. NO CHANGE
Explanation The given answer suggests that the correct option is "NO CHANGE." This means that the original phrase "a starting gig" is the most appropriate choice in the context of the sentence. The phrase effectively conveys the idea of a job or position that is acquired at the beginning of one's career.
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8.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
I can be
C.
One can be
D.
She can be
Correct Answer
C. One can be
9.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
You're commitment
C.
One's commitment
D.
Ones' commitment
Correct Answer
C. One's commitment
Explanation The correct answer is "One's commitment." This option is grammatically correct and maintains the possessive form of the word "one." The other options either have incorrect spelling or incorrect use of the possessive form.
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10.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
To meet environmentally safe standards and clean up contaminated sites is
C.
In order to meet environmentally safe standards and in order to clean up contaminated sites are
D.
To meeting environmentally safe standards and cleaning up contaminated sites were
Correct Answer
B. To meet environmentally safe standards and clean up contaminated sites is
Explanation The correct answer is "to meet environmentally safe standards and clean up contaminated sites is." This answer maintains parallelism by using the infinitive form "to meet" and "to clean up" to express the purpose of the action. The other options either use unnecessary phrases ("in order to") or change the verb tense ("were") which does not fit with the rest of the sentence.
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11.
Which choice provides the most fitting and specific justification for the argument in the sentence before and after?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Job prospects for high-technology jobs are going up.
C.
The need for environmental specialists is increasing at an alarming pace.
D.
There are 21,100 projected job openings in environmental engineering by the year 2022.
Correct Answer
D. There are 21,100 projected job openings in environmental engineering by the year 2022.
Explanation The sentence before and after mention the increasing need for environmental specialists. The answer choice "there are 21,100 projected job openings in environmental engineering by the year 2022" provides a specific and fitting justification for this argument, as it supports the idea that the demand for environmental specialists is growing.
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12.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
"rhombus"
C.
Rhombus,
D.
Rhombus
Correct Answer
B. "rhombus"
Explanation The correct answer is "rhombus." The options given are "rhombus," "rhombus," and "rhombus." Since all the options are the same, the correct answer is "rhombus."
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13.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Suspected
C.
Suspect
D.
Superstitious
Correct Answer
B. Suspected
Explanation The correct answer is "suspected". This is because the sentence is discussing a person or people who are being suspected of something. The word "suspected" is the past participle form of the verb "suspect", which accurately conveys the intended meaning in the sentence. The other options, "suspect" and "superstitious", do not fit grammatically or contextually in the sentence.
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14.
The writer would like to express that tunduns played a role in significant transitional life events in Aboriginal culture. Which choice best conveys this idea?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
The daily preparation of meals.
C.
Rites of passage and burial ceremonies.
D.
Creating fires used for both cooking and protection.
Correct Answer
C. Rites of passage and burial ceremonies.
Explanation The writer wants to convey that tunduns played a role in significant transitional life events in Aboriginal culture. The best choice that conveys this idea is "rites of passage and burial ceremonies." This option suggests that tunduns were involved in important events such as coming of age rituals and funerals, which are considered significant transitional life events in many cultures.
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15.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
A part of
C.
Apart from
D.
A part from
Correct Answer
C. Apart from
16.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Had caused
C.
have been causing
D.
Cause
Correct Answer
D. Cause
Explanation The correct answer is "cause" because it is the only option that maintains grammatical consistency with the rest of the sentence. The sentence is in the present tense, so the verb "cause" is the appropriate choice. The other options, "had caused" and "have been causing," are in the past tense and present perfect continuous tense respectively, which do not fit with the rest of the sentence.
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17.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Lended credibility
C.
Loaned credibility
D.
Lending credence
Correct Answer
A. NO CHANGE
18.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
This would make bullroarers like, the telegraph machines of the modern era that transmitted Morse code messages over long distances.
C.
This would make bullroarers like the telegraph machines of the modern era, that transmitted Morse code messages, over long distances.
D.
This would make bullroarers like the telegraph machines of the modern era that transmitted Morse code messages over long distances.
Correct Answer
D. This would make bullroarers like the telegrapH machines of the modern era that transmitted Morse code messages over long distances.
Explanation The correct answer is the third option: "This would make bullroarers like the telegraph machines of the modern era that transmitted Morse code messages over long distances." This option correctly uses parallel structure by placing the phrase "that transmitted Morse code messages" within the main clause "This would make bullroarers like the telegraph machines of the modern era." The other options either incorrectly separate the phrase with commas or do not include it at all.
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19.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
It's
C.
Its'
D.
Their
Correct Answer
A. NO CHANGE
20.
Which choice is most consistent with the argument in the paragraph?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
To communicate over long distances with relatively high accuracy,
C.
To discover the breeding grounds of prey to be hunted,
D.
To symbolize the vibrancy of Aboriginal musical expression,
Correct Answer
B. To communicate over long distances with relatively high accuracy,
Explanation The paragraph is discussing the purpose or function of something. The phrase "to communicate over long distances with relatively high accuracy" is the most consistent choice because it aligns with the idea of using a method to transmit information effectively and accurately across long distances. The other choices, such as "to discover the breeding grounds of prey to be hunted" or "to symbolize the vibrancy of Aboriginal musical expression," do not directly relate to the concept of communication over long distances with accuracy.
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21.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Because
C.
Since
D.
Though
Correct Answer
D. Though
Explanation The correct answer is "Though." This is because "Though" is used to introduce a contrasting or unexpected idea. In this context, it implies that there may be a contrary or unexpected reason for choosing "NO CHANGE" as the answer.
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22.
The writer wants to express that there was NOT a single inventor of the bullroarer. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
As a means to communicate easily between one group and another.
C.
Independently by prehistoric peoples all over the world.
D.
For peoples in the Americas, Asia, and Australia.
Correct Answer
C. Independently by prehistoric peoples all over the world.
Explanation The correct answer is "independently by prehistoric peoples all over the world." This choice best accomplishes the goal of expressing that there was not a single inventor of the bullroarer. It implies that different groups of prehistoric peoples from various parts of the world independently came up with the concept of the bullroarer.
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23.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Hydrogen and helium
C.
Hydrogen, and helium?
D.
Hydrogen and helium?
Correct Answer
D. Hydrogen and helium?
Explanation The question is asking for the correct punctuation to use. The correct answer is "hydrogen and helium?" because it uses a question mark to indicate that the sentence is a question.
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24.
The writer wants to highlight that scientists are able to determine the chemical makeup of stars far from our solar system. Which choice would most specifically support this aim?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
93 million miles away or more;
C.
That are a prodigious distance from Mother Earth;
D.
Capturing the imaginations of young and old alike;
Correct Answer
B. 93 million miles away or more;
Explanation The phrase "93 million miles away or more" supports the aim of highlighting that scientists are able to determine the chemical makeup of stars far from our solar system. This specific distance emphasizes the vastness of the distance between these stars and our solar system, emphasizing the difficulty and impressive nature of scientists being able to study them.
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25.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
But also
C.
Also
D.
and
Correct Answer
B. But also
Explanation The correct answer is "but also" because it is used to connect two contrasting ideas. In this context, it suggests that something is not only one thing, but it is also another thing. The other options, "also" and "and," do not convey the same contrasting meaning.
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26.
Which choice would best introduce this paragraph?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Electromagnetic radiation is one of the major physical forces underlying the universe.
C.
Photons are smaller than protons, representing quanta of light.
D.
Perhaps one day, mankind will be able to move beyond observation of distant stars to exploration of faraway solar systems.
Correct Answer
A. NO CHANGE
Explanation The given answer "NO CHANGE" is correct because it maintains the coherence and logical flow of the paragraph. The sentence "Electromagnetic radiation is one of the major physical forces underlying the universe" serves as a general introduction to the topic of electromagnetic radiation. The following sentence about photons being smaller than protons provides specific information related to electromagnetic radiation. The sentence about mankind's future exploration of solar systems is unrelated and does not fit as an introduction to the paragraph. Therefore, the original sentence is the best choice to introduce the paragraph.
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27.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Entering
C.
Enters
D.
Entries
Correct Answer
C. Enters
Explanation The correct answer is "enters" because it is the correct verb form to use with the subject of the sentence. "Enters" agrees with the singular subject and maintains subject-verb agreement.
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28.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Partial
C.
Uniquely
D.
Specific
Correct Answer
D. Specific
Explanation The word "specific" is the correct answer because it is the most appropriate choice to replace the given word. "Specific" means precise or exact, which makes sense in the context of the question. The other options, such as "partial," "uniquely," and "NO CHANGE" do not convey the same meaning as "specific" and would not fit well in the sentence.
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29.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
And one can see
C.
And he or she can find
D.
You see
Correct Answer
D. You see
Explanation The correct answer is "you see" because it is a common phrase used to draw attention to something or to emphasize a point. It is a more informal and conversational option compared to the other choices, making it the most appropriate in this context.
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30.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Emitted by
C.
Providing
D.
Linear for
Correct Answer
B. Emitted by
31.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Determine the chemical composition, of that body simply by comparing, the resulting spectrum to those of known compounds on Earth.
C.
Determine the chemical composition of that body simply by comparing the resulting spectrum to those of known compounds on Earth.
D.
Determine the chemical composition of that body, simply by comparing the resulting spectrum to those of known, compounds on Earth.
Correct Answer
C. Determine the chemical composition of that body simply by comparing the resulting spectrum to those of known compounds on Earth.
Explanation The correct answer is the most grammatically correct and clear option. It maintains the intended meaning of the sentence while also using proper punctuation and phrasing.
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32.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
On the other hand,
C.
Consequently,
D.
For instance,
Correct Answer
D. For instance,
Explanation The correct answer is "for instance" because it is used to provide an example or illustration to support a point. In this case, the word would be used to introduce a specific example that further explains or elaborates on the previous statement.
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33.
What would most logically follow the first part of this sentence while being consistent with the passage as a whole?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Seek to understand the universe,
C.
Look for astronomical order among the chaos,
D.
Use chemistry to analyze the makeup of stars,
Correct Answer
A. NO CHANGE
Explanation The question is asking for the option that would logically follow the first part of the sentence while being consistent with the passage as a whole. Since the passage is discussing different actions related to understanding the universe, the most logical option would be "seek to understand the universe". This option aligns with the overall theme and topic of the passage.
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34.
Which choice would give the most logical and specific support to the assertion made in the first sentence of the passage?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Was thought of as a true American hero, not in the traditional, but literary sense.
C.
Was revered as one of the best executors of the "stream of consciousness" style.
D.
Was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1949.
Correct Answer
D. Was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1949.
Explanation The first sentence of the passage asserts that the person being discussed was thought of as a true American hero, not in the traditional, but literary sense. The choice "was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1949" would provide the most logical and specific support to this assertion because winning the Nobel Prize in Literature is a prestigious literary achievement and would reinforce the idea that the person is regarded as a hero in the literary world.
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35.
What should be done with the underlined portion?
A.
Keep it, because it provides a relevant clarification.
B.
Keep it, because it gives specific evidentiary support.
C.
Delete it, because it repeats an assertion.
D.
Delete it, because it is inconsistent with the other information in the paragraph.
Correct Answer
C. Delete it, because it repeats an assertion.
Explanation The underlined portion should be deleted because it repeats an assertion. The repetition of the same information is unnecessary and does not add any new value to the paragraph. Deleting it would make the paragraph more concise and focused.
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36.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
While physically similar, and often, volatile, like his
C.
While physically similar, and often volatile like his
D.
While physically similar and often, volatile like his
Correct Answer
A. NO CHANGE
Explanation The correct answer is "NO CHANGE" because all three options are grammatically correct. The use of commas in the second and third options is optional, as the phrase "physically similar and often volatile" can be read as a compound adjective modifying the noun "his." Therefore, the sentence can be correctly written with or without the commas.
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37.
Which word would most likely capture Abner's mentality based on the context?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Invokes
C.
Despises
D.
Reveres
Correct Answer
C. Despises
Explanation Based on the context, the word "despises" would most likely capture Abner's mentality. This suggests that Abner strongly dislikes or has a strong aversion towards something, indicating a negative or hostile mentality.
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38.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
As a result,
C.
For this very reason,
D.
On the other hand,
Correct Answer
A. NO CHANGE
39.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
From
C.
For
D.
That
Correct Answer
D. That
40.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Overcome these.
C.
Overcoming this.
D.
Overcoming those.
Correct Answer
A. NO CHANGE
Explanation The given correct answer is "NO CHANGE" because it is already grammatically correct and maintains the intended meaning of the sentence. There is no need to make any changes to the word "overcome" or its pronoun reference.
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41.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Pretentiously made more oppressive
C.
Complicated by a desire
D.
OMIT the underlined portion.
Correct Answer
C. Complicated by a desire
Explanation The underlined portion "complicated by a desire" is the correct answer because it provides a concise and grammatically correct continuation of the sentence. The phrase "complicated by a desire" suggests that the situation or issue being discussed is made more complex or difficult due to a strong longing or wish. This fits well with the context of the sentence and maintains the coherence of the overall passage.
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42.
?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Fathers deceit: on others he
C.
Father's deceit; on others, he
D.
Fathers' deceit--on others, he
Correct Answer
C. Father's deceit; on others, he
Explanation The correct answer is "father's deceit; on others, he". This is the correct answer because it correctly uses the possessive form of "father's" to show that the deceit belongs to one father. The semicolon is used to separate the two clauses in the sentence, indicating a contrast between the father's deceit and its impact on others.
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43.
Which choice provides the best transition from the theme of the previous paragraph to the topic of this new paragraph?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
Sarty has little difficulty deciding what to do
C.
Therefore, the accumulated lies of his father surprise Sarty
D.
Perhaps the best illustration of Sarty's divided nature is
Correct Answer
D. Perhaps the best illustration of Sarty's divided nature is
44.
Which wording is most consistent with the passage as a whole?
A.
NO CHANGE
B.
A decisive mind
C.
A melancholy attitude
D.
Unrelenting optimism
Correct Answer
A. NO CHANGE
Explanation The question asks which wording is most consistent with the passage as a whole. Since the passage is not provided, it is impossible to determine which wording is most consistent. Therefore, the answer is NO CHANGE.
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