Schmidt_apush Practice Test #1
Practice Test for the May 2011 AP Exam (40 Questions)
- 1.
The Compromise of 1820 averted sectional conflict by
- A.
Removing federal troops from the South
- B.
Preserving the balance of power between free and slave states
- C.
Implementing a more stringent Fugitive Slave Law
- D.
Lowering tariff rates
- E.
Eliminating the consitutional ban on the importation of the slaves
Correct Answer
B. Preserving the balance of power between free and slave statesExplanation
Compromise of 1820, also known as the Missouri Compromise, admitted Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state and established the 36 degree 30' line as a demarcation between free and slave territories in the Louisiana Purchase. The Compromise of 1877 removed federal troops from the Southern states. The Compromise of 1850 included the Fugitive Slave Act. The Compromise of 1833 reduced tariff rates to end the Nullification crisis.Rate this question:
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- 2.
All of the following relate to the McCarthy Era except
- A.
Alger Hiss trial
- B.
McCarran Act
- C.
Federal Loyalty Program
- D.
"Palmer Raids"
- E.
"Hollywood Ten"
Correct Answer
D. "Palmer Raids"Explanation
The Palmer Raids attempted to root out subversives in the years following World War I. All other responses pertain to McCarthyism. The House Un-American Activities Commitee (HUAC), founded in 1938, raised public concern about subversive activities in the early 1940s. In 1947, the Truman administration warned against the dangers of international communism and began to investigate federal employees. Chaired by J. Parnell THomas, HUAC began its investigations of the motion picture industry that same year. Alger Hiss, a former member of FDR's State Department, faced perjury charges for denying that he had given top secret government information to the Soviets. In 1950, President Truman signed the McCarran Internal Security Act, requiring all communist organizations to register with the federal government.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Samuel Gompers
- A.
Used the state militia to break up the Boston police strike
- B.
Led the American Federation of Labor
- C.
Directed President Franklin D. Roosevelt's War Labor Board
- D.
Was a Populist candidate for governor in Kansas
- E.
Advocated Socialism as head of the Industrial Workers of the World
Correct Answer
B. Led the American Federation of LaborExplanation
Active in unionism throughout his career, Gompers served as president of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) from 1886 until his death in 1924. Although some industrial workers were attracted to Populism, Gompers never joined the party. He criticized Socialists and thier goals. Gompers opposed Governor Calvin Coolidge's use of the militia to break-up the Boston police strike. President Roosevelt established the National War Labor Board after Gomper's death.Rate this question:
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- 4.
During the Second New Deal, President Franklin D. Roosevelt
- A.
Sought passage of more long-lasting reform measures
- B.
Experienced less opposition from conservatives in Congress
- C.
Attempted to cooperate with business leaders to promote recovery
- D.
Averted a financial crisis with the Emergency Banking Act
- E.
Focused primarily on the creation of relief agencies such as the Civilian Conservation Corps
Correct Answer
A. Sought passage of more long-lasting reform measuresExplanation
Roosevelt passed most of his reform legislation (i.e., Social Security Act, Fair Labor Standards Act, etc) during the Second New Deal (1935 to 1939). The First New Deal focused primarily on recovery and relief. He passed the Emergency Banking Act as one of his first measures as president. He also created the Civilian Conservation Corps during his first "hundred days." When business leaders failed to cooperate with his National Recovery Administration, he adopted a more regulatory policy toward industry. Opposition from conservatives in Congress increased throughout the New Deal, as many believed that New Deal measures exceeded constituitonal limits on power and approached socialism.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The trial of John Peter Zenger in 1735 contributed to the codification of which of the following principles of the Constitution?
- A.
Freedom of religion
- B.
Freedom of the press
- C.
Separation of powers
- D.
Checks and balances
- E.
Taxation by elected representatives
Correct Answer
B. Freedom of the pressExplanation
Zenger published articles criticizing New York's unpopular royal governor William Crosby. The governor issued a proclamation condemning the actions of the newspaper. Zenger was arrested for seditious libel in 1734. Noted Philadelphia lawyer Andrew Hamilton defended Zenger. Chief Justice of the New York Supreme Court James Delany, an ally of Crosby, sat on the bench. Hamilton argued the editor's case directly to the jury. The jury acquitted Zenger on the grounds that public statements could not be considered libelous if they could be proven to be true. The Bill of Rights later ensured this freedom of the press.Rate this question:
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- 6.
"Vietnamization" of the Vietnam War took place under which of the following presidents?
- A.
Harry S. Truman
- B.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
- C.
John F. Kennedy
- D.
Lyndon B. Johnson
- E.
Richard M. Nixon
Correct Answer
E. Richard M. NixonExplanation
Vietnamese forces defeated French troops at Dienbienphu in 1954. When France withdrew from North Vietnam, Eisenhower pledged American aid to the noncommunist government of Ngo Dinh Diem in Saigon. Kennedy began sending American military advisors in 1961. By the time of Kennedy's assassination in 1963, the number of advisors in Vietnam rose to 15,000. Congress issued the Tonkin Gulf Resolution in 1964, granting Johnson broad powers to wage war against communism in Southeast Asia. by the time of Nixon's victory in 1968, the number of American ground troops in Vietnam rose to over 500,000. Nixon began withdrawing American troops from Vietnam in 1969, thereby initiating the policy of "Vietnamization."Rate this question:
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- 7.
The Wilmot Proviso heightened sectional tensions by proposing
- A.
To ban the importation of slaves in 1808
- B.
To repeal the "three-fifths" compromise
- C.
A constitutional amendment to free the slaves
- D.
That all Western lands be purchased with specie rather than paper money
- E.
To ban the importation of slaves into land acquired from Mexico
Correct Answer
E. To ban the importation of slaves into land acquired from MexicoExplanation
Congressman David Wilmot (R-PA) feared that the addition of new territory would increase the number of potential slave states. He introduced an amendment to an appropriations bill that would impede the creation of new slave states in any land acquired from the Mexican War. The Constitution banned the importation of slaves into the United States after 1808. No constitutional amendment abolishing slavery would be introduced until the Civil War. Students should not focus on the reference to the specie circular, which also pertains to expansion and western lands.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Harvard College was founded primarily to
- A.
Promote the study of sciences and technology
- B.
Accommodate new movements in theology
- C.
Train Puritan ministers
- D.
Offer women a classical education
- E.
Give technical training to African-Americans in the South
Correct Answer
C. Train Puritan ministersExplanation
Puritans believed that only trained ministers could propagate the faith. Puritans eschewed the Enlightenment philosophy that science and reason could explain worldly events. they resisted any challenge or teaching alternative to the Puritan orthodoxy. However, seventeenth century women were not admitted. E refers to the Tuskegee Institute, founded in the nineteenth century.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following statements best summarizes the Rosenberg case?
- A.
It represented the height of racial tensions in the 1890s
- B.
It was influenced by the nativism of the 1920s
- C.
It decentralized the power of the federal government in the 1930s
- D.
It exemplified the anticommunist hysteria of the 1950s
- E.
It ensured the rights of those accused of crimes in the 1960s
Correct Answer
D. It exemplified the anticommunist hysteria of the 1950sExplanation
Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were convicted of espionage in 1951 for allegedly organizing a conspiracy to provide the Soviet Union with atomic secrets. They were executed in 1953. Option "A" refers to Plessy V. Ferguson (1896), option "B" refers to the Leopold-Loeb case (1924), and/or the Sacco-Vanzetti cases (1920 to 1927).Rate this question:
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- 10.
Who wrote The Jungle, in response to the disgusting conditions he or she witnessed in the meatpacking houses of Chicago?
- A.
Upton Sinclair
- B.
Henry George
- C.
John Spargo
- D.
Jacob Riis
- E.
Ida Tarbel
Correct Answer
A. Upton SinclairExplanation
Upton Sinclair wrote "The Jungle" (1906). Henry George identified the great disparity of wealth between the rich and poor in "Progress and Poverty" (1879). The other four authors were "muckrackers." Jacob Riis wrote "How the Other Half Lives" based on his photographs of urban poverty in 1890. Ida Tarbell published an expose of the monopoly practices of Standards Oil Trust in 1904. John Spargo examined the problems of child labor in "The Bitter Cry of Children" (1906).Rate this question:
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- 11.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
- A.
Completed the desegregation of the armed forces
- B.
Integrated all colleges and universities
- C.
Banned segregation in public places
- D.
Outlawed poll taxes and literacy tests
- E.
Proposed the Equal Rights Amendment
Correct Answer
C. Banned segregation in public placesExplanation
The Civil Rights Act ordered the desegregation of public accomodations. President Eisenhower completed the integration of the military in 1954. The Brown v. Board of Education deceision required the integration of schools. President Kennedy used military force to integrate public universities before 1964. In the wake of the Selma marches, Johnson signed the Voting Rights (Civil Rights) Act of 1965.Rate this question:
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- 12.
During his administration, President Theodore Roosevelt sought to limit the effects of industrial consolidation. He directed his attorney general to bring suit against specific monopolies under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890). In Northern Securities Company v. United States (1904), the Supreme Court ordered the dissolution of a proposed monopoly in which of the following industries?
- A.
Steel
- B.
Railroad
- C.
Oil
- D.
Meatpacking
- E.
Automotive
Correct Answer
B. RailroadExplanation
Financier J.P. Morgan attempted to orchestrate the merger of the Union Pacific, Burlington, and Northern Pacific railroad lines. This monopoly would virtually eliminate competition among the largest commercial carriers from the Pacific Coast to Midwest. The Supreme Court ordered the dissolution of the Northern Securities Company for "combining to restrain free trade," a violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. Suits against Swift and company (1905) and Standard Oil (1911) followed.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The cartoon below refers to a scandal that marred the administration of The political cartoon, "Juggernaut," April 1924; courtesy of the Library of Congress
- A.
Ulysses. S. Grant
- B.
William J. Clinton
- C.
Richard M. Nixon
- D.
Grover Cleveland
- E.
Warren G. Harding
Correct Answer
E. Warren G. HardingExplanation
Scandal touched the administrations of all five presidents. The "whiskey ring" and Credit Mobilier scandals occurred under Grant. President Clinton faced impeachment chargers for perjury about his involvement with intern Monica Lewinsky. Nixon resigned after the Watergate scandal surfaced. Cleveland ackowledged that he had an illegitimate child. At the request of his Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall, Warren G. Harding transferred control of naval oil reserves at Elk Hills, California and Teapot Dome, Wyoming. Fall accepted bribes from Harry F. Sinclair and Edward L. Doheny, two wealthy oilmen. He was sentenced to one year in prison.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The Tea Act (1773) angered American colonists because it
- A.
Passed a revenue tax on a popular consumer item
- B.
Pitted eastern merchants against western farmers
- C.
Followed the closing of Boston Harbor
- D.
Granted the East India Company a virtual monopoly on the tea trade
- E.
Ruined colonial trade with the West Indies
Correct Answer
D. Granted the East India Company a virtual monopoly on the tea tradeExplanation
Parliament passed a revenue tax on tea as part of the Townshend Acts (1767). After colonial boycotts, Lord North repealed most of the duties in 1770, except the tax on tea. The Tea Act enabled the British East India Company to sell its tea directly to its agents in the colonies, thus bypassing the tax on tea. The act bankrupted many colonial merchants who continued to pay the duty. Popular unrest over the Tea Act led to the Boston Tea Party. Parliament closed the port of Boston in the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts (1774) in response to the destruction of the property of the British East India Company.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Federalists opposed the purchase of the Louisiana territory primarliy because
- A.
It threatened the balance of power between political parties
- B.
They feared a war with Spain
- C.
They rejected the idea of the federal government accumulating debt
- D.
It would not improve Western commerce
- E.
It might jeopardize their goal of purchasing Canada
Correct Answer
A. It threatened the balance of power between political partiesExplanation
The election fo 1800 marked a transition of power from the Federalists to the Jeffersonian Republicans. Jefferson seemd to favor a limited governemnt and agrarian interests. Many Federalists saw that the acquisition of the vast Louisiana territory portended the creation of several new Republican states, thus further eroding their political power and influence in the federal governmentRate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following Civil War battles resulted in Union control of the Mississippi River?
- A.
Vicksburg
- B.
Gettysburg
- C.
Shiloh
- D.
Chancellorsville
- E.
New Orleans
Correct Answer
A. VicksburgExplanation
Vicksburg remained in Confederate hands after New Orleans fell to Admiral David Faragut in 1862. General Grant's victory at Shiloh gave the Union control of much of western Tennessee. His siege at Vicksburg finally gave the Union forces control of the Mississippi River in 1863. Both Gettysburg and Chancellorsville occurred in the eastern theater of war.Rate this question:
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- 17.
All of the following were part of President Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom" legislation except the
- A.
Fedederal Trade commission Act
- B.
Pure Food and Drug Act
- C.
Underwood Tariff
- D.
Clayton Antitrust Act
- E.
Federal Reserve Act
Correct Answer
B. Pure Food and Drug ActExplanation
During his first administration, Woodrow Wilson intended to address what he called the "triple wall of privilege." To achieve his goals, he lowered tariff rates with the Underwood Tariff. He addressed the problem of trusts by signing the Clayton Act and creating the Federal Trade commission. He reformed the banking system by passing the Federal Reserve Act, which created the Federal Reserve Board. Theodore Roosevelt had previously signed the Pure Food and Drug Act.Rate this question:
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- 18.
In his message to Congress, President Grover Cleveland resisted the annexation of Hawaii mainly because he
- A.
Feared the influx of cheap labor to the West Coast
- B.
Did not want to extend citizenship rights to nonwhites
- C.
Believed that the provisional government had unjustly undermined the existing government
- D.
Had little support for annexation from Republicans in Congress
- E.
Was more concerned with mounting tensions with Spain
Correct Answer
C. Believed that the provisional government had unjustly undermined the existing governmentExplanation
In spite of strong Republican support in Congress, President Cleveland opposed threaty for annexation. He stated before Congress in 1893 that the Americans who had deposed Queen Lilioukalani had committed "an act of war... without the authority of Congress" and committed a "substantial wrong [to] our national character as well as the rights of the [Hawaiians]."Rate this question:
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- 19.
Cesar Chavez is significant because he
- A.
Led the AIM occupation of Alcatraz Island
- B.
Wrote the Pentagon Papers
- C.
Integrated the University of Mississippi in 1962
- D.
Was the first Hispanic mayor of a major U.S. city
- E.
Organized farm workers into a powerful union
Correct Answer
E. Organized farm workers into a powerful unionExplanation
Chavez formed the United Farm Workers Union in 1966. He led a boycott that forced grape growers to sign contracts with the UFW. James Meredith integrated the University of Mississippi in 1962. Members of the American Indian Movement occupied Alcatraz Island in 1969. Daniel Ellsberg published the Pentagon Papers in 1971. The CIA funded a military junta that overthrew Chilean president Salvador Allende in 1973. The city of San Antonio, Texas, elected Henry Cisneros mayor in 1981.Rate this question:
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- 20.
A "flapper" was
- A.
A mass-produced automobile
- B.
A young woman who challenged traditional gender roles in the 1920s
- C.
A steel ship introduced at the turn of the century
- D.
An electric record player of the 1930s
- E.
A jazz instrument
Correct Answer
B. A young woman who challenged traditional gender roles in the 1920sExplanation
Changing views of women during the 1920s eroded traditional Victorian mores. Some women, especially among the lower-middle and working class, began to smoke, drink, dance, and wear heavy makeup. The "flapper" image emerged during the "Jazz Age" but was not a musical instrument :)Rate this question:
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- 21.
The Marshall Plan was
- A.
An international agreement that outlawed war
- B.
The blueprint for the Allied invasion at Normandy on June 6, 1944
- C.
An effort to root out communists from the State Department during the Truman Administration
- D.
An effort to provide economic aid to countries devastated by World War II
- E.
Designed to send military aid to Middle Eastern nations battling communism
Correct Answer
D. An effort to provide economic aid to countries devastated by World War IIExplanation
In June 1947, Secretary of State George C. Marshall announced plans to give economic aid to all European nations willing to participate in recovery efforts. The Soviet Union and Eastern bloc nations rejected the plan as "Yankee imperialism." Nevertheless, the United States contributed over $12 billion dollars by 1950 to revive struggling European economies. The Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) futilely attempted to outlaw war by international agreement. "Operation Overlord" was the code name for the Normandy invasion. The Federal Loyalty Program investigated the loyalty of federal employees. The Eisenhoer Doctrine sent military aid to the Middle East.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The "Great Migration" which involved the movement of African-Americans from the South to the industrial cities of the North and West, occurred primarily
- A.
During the Civil War
- B.
In the 1880s
- C.
During and after World War I
- D.
After World War II
- E.
During and after the Vietnam War
Correct Answer
C. During and after World War IExplanation
Although Union forces occupied most of the Confederate states by 1865, former slaves did not leave the South in large numbers. The end of Reconstruction in 1877 did not spark massive migration in the following decade. World War I expanded employment opportunities in the industrial North. Massive migration began in 1915 as thousands of African Americans sought to escape poverty, racism, and violence.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following statements best expresses the pro-business stance of the Republican administrations in the late 19th century?
- A.
They maintained very high tariff rates to protect American industry
- B.
They lowered corporate and income taxes for the wealthy industrialists
- C.
They bargained with labor leaders to forestall crippling strikes
- D.
They passed legislation limiting investments abroad
- E.
They expanded the federal government's role in regulating economic growth
Correct Answer
A. They maintained very high tariff rates to protect American industryExplanation
During post-Civil War industrial expansion, most Republicans advocated high tariffs to protect American products from foreign competition. Both the McKinley Tariff (1890) and Dingley Tariff (1897) kept rates above 45 percent. Protectionists also succeeded in undermining efforts to lower rates in the Wilson-Gorman Tariff by adding high-tariff revisions to the bill. Republican policy of the era typically avoided significant regulation of the economy and often sided with managements during strikes. Republican Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon revised corporate and income taxes during the 1920s.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Throughout the 1920s, American farmers suffered from depressed agricultural prices. As a result, President Franklin D. Roosevelt hoped to stabilize the farm economy by attempting to control production and fixing the price of farm goods. The agency in charge of monitoring the agricultural sector of the economy was the
- A.
Farmers' Holiday Association
- B.
NRA
- C.
RFC
- D.
AAA
- E.
Farm Board
Correct Answer
E. Farm BoardExplanation
Headed by Milo Reno, the Farmers' Holiday Association attempted to raise agricultural prices by witholding commodities from the market. Their efforts failed to increase prices. President's Hoover's Federal Farm Board failed to control the farm surplus. His Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) also failed to revitalize the economy. President Roosevelt created the National Recovery Administration (NRA) to address industrial recovery and the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) to regulate the farm economy. Both met with limited success.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The "supremacy clause" of the Constitution
- A.
Distributed power among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government
- B.
Made presidential authority superior to Congress through the chief executive's veto powers
- C.
Empowered the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court to supervise impeachement proceedings
- D.
Ensured that all states would be equally represented in the Senate
- E.
Forced the state legislatures to conform to federal laws
Correct Answer
E. Forced the state legislatures to conform to federal lawsExplanation
Artice VI states that the Constitution and federal legislation "shall be the supreme law of the land." All senators, representatives, judges, and members of state legislatures must swear to uphold the Constitution.Rate this question:
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- 26.
During the Spanish-American War, the Teller Amendment stated that
- A.
The residents of the Philippines automatically became American citizens with annexation
- B.
The United States did not intend to annex Cuba
- C.
All of the property of Spanish landholders would be returned after the war
- D.
The United States reserved the right to intervene in Cuban affairs after the war
- E.
France must abandon its claims to build a canal in Central America
Correct Answer
B. The United States did not intend to annex CubaExplanation
Although nationalists readily supported war with Spain, Congress denied any intention of annexing Cuba. American policy seemed to shift after hostilities ceased. In 1901, Congress passed the Platt Amendment and induced Cuba to accept its terms. The Platt Amendment limited Cuba's ability to make treaties, enabled the United States to establish a naval base on the island, and granted the United States the right to intervene in Cuban affairs.Rate this question:
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- 27.
"Education, beyond all other devices, is a great equalizer of the conditions of men, the balance wheel of the social machinery... The spread of education, by enlarging the cultivated class or caste, will open a wider area over which the social feelings will expand; and if this education should be universal and complete, it would do more than all things else to obiliterate factitious distincions in society." The antebellum reformer who asserted these beliefs was
- A.
John Dewey
- B.
Lucretia Mott
- C.
Horace Mann
- D.
Theodore Dwight Weld
- E.
Mary Montessori
Correct Answer
C. Horace MannExplanation
Both John Dewey and Mary Montessori pushed for education reform during the Progressive Era. The other three individuals participated in antebellum reform movements. Initially an abolitionist, Lucretia Mott helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention. Weld published abolitionist tracts. Horace Mann served on the Massachusetts Board of Education and revialized the Massachusetts school system. Other states followed his model.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Herbert Hoover oversaw the most successful of President Woodrow Wilson's war boards during World War I. That agency was the
- A.
Food Administration
- B.
Red Cross
- C.
War Industries Board
- D.
Committee on Public Information
- E.
UNIA
Correct Answer
A. Food AdministrationExplanation
Herbert Hoover headed the Food Administration, which supervised a highly successful food rationing campaign. The War Industries Board, led by Bernard Baruch, failed to mobilize the American economy fully by the end of the war. George Creel supervised the Committee on Public Information, which produced propaganda.Rate this question:
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- 29.
In an effort to stabilize the economy, President Kennedy attempted to implement voluntary "wage-price" guidelines for American businesses. Although several industries adopted these standards, one in particular tried to resist the president's initiatives. In response, Kennedy threatened to terminate federal contracts and bring suit unless this industry complied. Which industry lowered its prices because of Kennedy's reaction?
- A.
Automobile
- B.
Oil
- C.
Steel
- D.
Textiles
- E.
Railroad
Correct Answer
C. SteelExplanation
Kennedy battled a slight recession and above-normal unemployment figures with legislation designed to foster economic expansion. He convinced steelworkers to abandon demands for higher wages temporarily. When U.S. Steel and other companies announced a price increase, Kennedy denounced the industry's actions in a news conference in April 1962. U.S. Steel lowered its prices three days later.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of the following contributed to the growth of suburbs before 1900?
- A.
Generous federal land grants
- B.
Mass production of the automobile
- C.
Implementation of the Newlands Act
- D.
Developments in mass transit
- E.
Corruption of municipal governments
Correct Answer
D. Developments in mass transitExplanation
Federal land grants contributed to the construction of railroads in the West. Mass production of automobiles did not occur until the 1920s. Streetcars allowed people to move outside the city limits.Rate this question:
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- 31.
All of the following statements about the election of 1860 are true except
- A.
Abraham Lincoln won the election with a minority of the popular vote
- B.
The Democratic party was split between two candidates
- C.
More votes were cast in 1860 than any previous antebellow election
- D.
Abraham Lincoln's name did not appear on many Southern ballots
- E.
Southern Unionists did not vote, as no party represented their interests
Correct Answer
E. Southern Unionists did not vote, as no party represented their interestsExplanation
Lincoln won approximately 40 percent of the popular vote. Democrats split votes between Stephen Douglas and John C. Breckinridge. Some Southern states refused to recognize Lincoln's candidacy. However, many Unionists in the South cast their vote for John C. Bell, the Constitutional Union candidates.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which of the following represents an attempt to curb the arms race during the Nixon administration?
- A.
Test Ban Treaty
- B.
SALT I
- C.
War Powers Act
- D.
Strategic Defense Initiative
- E.
INF Treaty
Correct Answer
B. SALT IExplanation
The United States and the Soviet Union signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) at the end of Nixon's first term. The War Powers Act set limits on the president's ability to commit troops abroad. The INF Treaty and Strategic Defense Initiative are connected to the Reagan administration. Kennedy negotiated the Test Ban Treaty in 1963.Rate this question:
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- 33.
In 1943, Allied leaders met at the Tehran Conference and decided to
- A.
Launch a cross-Channel invasion of France
- B.
Invade Sicily and eliminate Hitler's primary ally
- C.
Outlaw war
- D.
Limit fleet construction as a means to naval disarmament
- E.
Divide German possessions in Africa
Correct Answer
A. Launch a cross-Channel invasion of FranceExplanation
Roosevelt and Churchill assured Stalin of an impending invasion of France. At Casablanca earlier in 1943, Roosevelt and Churchill had agreed to invade Italy. The Washington Conference (1921 to 1922) attempted naval disarmament; the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) south to eliminate war.Rate this question:
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- 34.
In the decade preceding the War of 1812, which of the following Indian leaders attempted to organize a confederation of tribes to halt white expansion?
- A.
Metacomet (King Philip)
- B.
Tecumseh
- C.
Osceola
- D.
Geronimo
- E.
Pontiace
Correct Answer
B. TecumsehExplanation
Metacomet fought British colonists in the seventeenth century. Pontiac led his tribe in an uprising in colonial Virginia in the 1760s. Tecumseh forged a loose alliance of tribes in the Northwest that broke down after the defat at Tippecanoe in 1811. Osceola led the Seminoles in war against Americans in the 1830s. Geronimo raided settlements in the Southwest until the mid-1880s.Rate this question:
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- 35.
The Fourteenth Amednemnt, which ensured the citizenship rights of African-Americans was ratified
- A.
When the Southern states seceded from the Union
- B.
After the Union victory at Antietam
- C.
As a requirement of "Radical Reconstruction"
- D.
As part of Theodore Roosevelt's "Square Deal"
- E.
As part of the Compromise of 1877
Correct Answer
C. As a requirement of "Radical Reconstruction"Explanation
Congress sent the Fourteenth Amendment to the states in 1866. Tennessee was the only Southern state to ratify it. The next congressional elections increased the power of the "Radical" Repubicans. They passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867, which dismantled the existing the state governments in the South in favor of military districts. Republicans made ratification of the amendemnt a requirement for states seeking readmission to the UnionRate this question:
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- 36.
Which of the following presidential candidates pursued a "give 'em hell" whistle-stop campaign in which he blasted the "do-nothing" 80th Congress?
- A.
Thomas Dewey
- B.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
- C.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
- D.
Adlai Stevenson
- E.
Harry Truman
Correct Answer
E. Harry TrumanExplanation
Many pollsters picked Thomas E. Dewey to win the election of 1948. Truman, who ascended to the presidency on FDR's death, faced challenges from both the left and right of the Democratic Party. He adopted an aggressive campaign style and traveled across the country by train. He deliveed over 350 speeches, attacking Republicans policy toward organized labor and the agricultural economy. He garnered nearly 50 percent of the poular vote to win an unexpected victory.Rate this question:
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- 37.
The Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy (1909) was
- A.
A dispute between the Secretary of the Interior and the Chief Forester over the sale of public lands
- B.
A conflict between a reform governor and a corrupt urban boss
- C.
An investigation of communist infiltration of the State Department
- D.
The result of the sinking of an American merchant ship in French waters
- E.
A reaction to the passage of antritrust legislation
Correct Answer
A. A dispute between the Secretary of the Interior and the Chief Forester over the sale of public landsExplanation
President Theodore Roosevelt set aside thousands of acres of public lands for parks. Richard Ballinger, Taft's Secretary of the Interior, attemped to open forests and mineral reserves to private corporations. Chief Forester Gifford Pinchot criticized Ballinger's actions and was eventually dismissed by Taft. Convervationists and progressives generally sided with Pinchot.Rate this question:
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- 38.
"The United States is now involved in a sizeable and 'open-ended' war against communism in the only country in the world which won freedom from colonial rule under communist leadership... My own view is that there is a kind of madness in the facile assumption that we can raise the many billions of dollars necessary to rebuild our schools and cities and public transport and eliminate the pollution of air and water while also spending tens of billions to finance an 'open-ended' war in Asia." A notable "dove" on the Vietnam War, he wrote an incisive criticque of American foreign policy in Southeast Asia (excerpted above) entitled The Arrogance of Power. The man was
- A.
Robert McNamara
- B.
Dean Acheson
- C.
Dean Rusk
- D.
J. William Fulbright
- E.
Robert F. Kennedy
Correct Answer
D. J. William FulbrightExplanation
McNamara and Rusk favored American involvement in Vietnam. Both Fulbright and Kennedy opposed sinding more troops to Vietnam, but Fulbright wrote the book.Rate this question:
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- 39.
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
- A.
Formalized the annexation of Texas in 1845
- B.
Ended the Mexican War in 1848
- C.
Ended the war between Mexico and the Texans in 1836
- D.
Applied the Monroe Doctrine to Venezuela in 1824
- E.
Gave Stephen F. Austin the right to sell land titles in Mexico in 1821
Correct Answer
B. Ended the Mexican War in 1848Explanation
Texans defeated General Santa Anna's forces in 1836. Nevertheless, the Mexican government did not recognize Texan independence. President Jackson reisisted annexation in spite of the support of Texans for joining the Union. A joint resolution of Congress annexing Texas heightened simmering tensions that subsequently led to war. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo followed the war, granting the United States the territory from Texas to California.Rate this question:
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- 40.
In 1965, a riot occurred that seved as a symbol of African American frustration to some and rampant lawlessness to others. That riot took place in
- A.
Oxford, Mississippi
- B.
Birmingham, Alabama
- C.
Kent State, Ohio
- D.
Little Rock, Arkansas
- E.
Watts, Los Angeles, California
Correct Answer
E. Watts, Los Angeles, CaliforniaExplanation
In 1957, white mobs attempted to prevent black students from entering Little Rock Central High School. Whites rioted over the admission of James Meredith to the University of Mississippi in 1962. Police used fire hoses and police dogs to disrupt nonviolent demonstrations in Birmingham. A week of violence and destruction of property followed an incident of police brutality in Watts in 1965. Four students died when National Guardsmen fired into a crowd of antiwar protestors on the campus of Kent State University of 1970.Rate this question:
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Mar 17, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Apr 27, 2011Quiz Created by
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