Science Units 10 & 11
Grade 10, science, block B, preparing for my Science test on KMT, Energy, etc.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What is the largest man-made source of Green House Gases?
- A.
Transportation
- B.
Industry
- C.
Agriculture
- D.
Experiments
- E.
Other
Correct Answer
B. IndustryExplanation
Industry is the largest man-made source of Green House Gases. This is because industrial processes, such as manufacturing, power generation, and chemical production, often involve the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Additionally, industries also emit other potent greenhouse gases like methane and nitrous oxide through various activities like waste management and chemical reactions. Therefore, the industrial sector contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, making it the largest man-made source.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What are the Earth's three main energy sources?
- A.
Solar energy, Green House Gases, radioactive isotopes
- B.
Solar energy, residual thermal energy, gases trapped in the troposphere
- C.
Solar energy, moons reflections, radioactive isotopes
- D.
Solar energy, residual thermal energy, decay of underground radioactive elements
Correct Answer
D. Solar energy, residual thermal energy, decay of underground radioactive elementsExplanation
The Earth's three main energy sources are solar energy, residual thermal energy, and decay of underground radioactive elements. Solar energy refers to the energy received from the Sun, which is converted into various forms such as heat and electricity. Residual thermal energy is the heat stored within the Earth's interior, which is a result of the planet's formation and ongoing radioactive decay. Decay of underground radioactive elements, such as uranium and thorium, releases energy in the form of heat, which contributes to the Earth's overall energy budget.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which type of ray is harmful and on which side of the spectrum?
- A.
Gamma and on the right side
- B.
Gamma and on the left side
- C.
Visible light and in the middle
- D.
TV waves and on the right side
- E.
TV waves and on the left side
Correct Answer
A. Gamma and on the right sideExplanation
Gamma rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation that have high energy and are harmful to living organisms. They are located on the right side of the electromagnetic spectrum, which is divided into different regions based on the energy and frequency of the waves. The right side of the spectrum consists of higher energy waves such as gamma rays, X-rays, and ultraviolet rays. These high-energy waves have the potential to cause damage to cells and DNA, making them harmful to living organisms.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Fill out the chart: Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin Absolute Zero Water Freezes Water Boils
- 5.
Define the term Albedo
Correct Answer
Is the amount of radiation reflected by a surface
radiation reflected by a surface
describes the amount of radiation reflected by a surface
amount, radiation, reflected, surfaceExplanation
The term "Albedo" refers to the amount of radiation that is reflected by a surface. It describes the amount of radiation that is reflected by a surface.Rate this question:
- 6.
Define the term Prevailing winds
Correct Answer
winds that are typical for a certain region
winds that are normal for a region
normal windsExplanation
The term "prevailing winds" refers to the winds that are typical or normal for a specific region. These winds are the dominant or most common wind patterns in that area. They are determined by factors such as the Earth's rotation, atmospheric pressure systems, and the geography of the region. Prevailing winds play a crucial role in influencing the climate, weather patterns, and ecosystems of a particular area.Rate this question:
- 7.
Define wind
- A.
Movement of air from an area of low pressure to an area of high pressure
- B.
Gravitational pull by the moon causing the air on earth to move a certain way
- C.
Movement of air
- D.
Movement of air from an area of low concentration to an area of high albedo
- E.
Movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure
Correct Answer
E. Movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressureExplanation
Wind is defined as the movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure. Air naturally moves from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure, creating wind currents. This movement is caused by the differences in air pressure, with air flowing from regions of higher atmospheric pressure to regions of lower atmospheric pressure.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Name the order from closest to Earth to farthest
- A.
Troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, stratosphere, exosphere
- B.
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere
- C.
Exosphere, stratosphere, troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
- D.
Troposphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, exosphere
- E.
Troposphere, stratosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, exosphere
Correct Answer
B. TropospHere, stratospHere, mesospHere, thermospHere, exospHereExplanation
The layers of Earth's atmosphere are ordered from closest to farthest as follows: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere. The troposphere is the lowest layer and is where weather occurs. The stratosphere is above the troposphere and contains the ozone layer. The mesosphere is the third layer and is where meteors burn up. The thermosphere is above the mesosphere and is where the auroras occur. The exosphere is the outermost layer and gradually transitions into space.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Where is the Aurora Borealis found?
- A.
Troposphere
- B.
Mesosphere
- C.
Thermosphere
- D.
Exosphere
- E.
Stratosphere
Correct Answer
C. ThermospHereExplanation
The Aurora Borealis, also known as the Northern Lights, is found in the thermosphere. This is the layer of the Earth's atmosphere located between the mesosphere and the exosphere. The thermosphere is characterized by high temperatures and low air density, making it the ideal location for the occurrence of the Aurora Borealis. When charged particles from the sun collide with atoms and molecules in the thermosphere, they emit colorful lights, creating the beautiful natural phenomenon known as the Aurora Borealis.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What is air made out of?
Correct Answer
Nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, hydrogenExplanation
Air is primarily made up of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other trace gases. Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere, making up about 78% of the air we breathe. Oxygen is the second most abundant gas, comprising approximately 21% of the air. Carbon dioxide is present in much smaller quantities, around 0.04%. Hydrogen is also present in trace amounts. These gases combine to form the composition of air that we experience in our daily lives.Rate this question:
- 11.
What are the two gases that make up 99% of the air?
- A.
Nitrogen and Carbon
- B.
Helium and Carbon
- C.
Oxygen and Carbon
- D.
Oxygen and Nitrogen
- E.
Hydrogen and Helium
Correct Answer
D. Oxygen and NitrogenExplanation
The two gases that make up 99% of the air are oxygen and nitrogen. Oxygen makes up about 21% of the air, while nitrogen makes up about 78%. These two gases are essential for supporting life on Earth. Oxygen is necessary for respiration, while nitrogen is important for various biological and chemical processes. Carbon, helium, and hydrogen are present in the air in much smaller quantities and do not make up a significant portion of the atmosphere.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which 'sphere' is meteors found?
- A.
Exosphere
- B.
Troposphere
- C.
Mesosphere
- D.
Thermosphere
- E.
Atmosphere
Correct Answer
A. ExospHereExplanation
Meteors are found in the exosphere. The exosphere is the outermost layer of the Earth's atmosphere, extending from about 500 kilometers above the surface of the Earth to the edge of space. This is where meteors, also known as shooting stars, burn up upon entering the Earth's atmosphere. The exosphere is characterized by extremely low density and high altitude, making it the ideal location for meteors to disintegrate before reaching the Earth's surface.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Whats in the troposphere?
- A.
Dust, H20, solar radiation, ozone layer
- B.
Dry air, ozone, meteors, pollution
- C.
Dry air, oxygen, water vapor, thermal energy
- D.
Pollution, dust, thermal energy, merge with outer space
- E.
Water vapor, solar radiation, thermal energy, pollution
Correct Answer
E. Water vapor, solar radiation, thermal energy, pollutionExplanation
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, extending from the surface up to about 10-15 kilometers. It is characterized by the presence of water vapor, which can condense to form clouds and precipitation. Solar radiation from the Sun enters the troposphere and heats the Earth's surface, resulting in the presence of thermal energy. Pollution, such as gases and particles released from human activities, can also be found in the troposphere. Therefore, the correct answer includes water vapor, solar radiation, thermal energy, and pollution as components of the troposphere.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Is the thermosphere hot or cold?
- A.
Hot
- B.
Cold
- C.
Average, 0 C
Correct Answer
A. HotExplanation
around 1500 C!Rate this question:
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- 15.
Is the exosphere hot or cold?
- A.
Hot
- B.
Cold
- C.
Average, 0 C
Correct Answer
A. HotExplanation
around 3'000 C!Rate this question:
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- 16.
Is the mesosphere hot or cold?
- A.
Cold
- B.
Hot
- C.
Average, 0 C
Correct Answer
A. ColdExplanation
around -100 C!Rate this question:
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- 17.
What moves air and thermal energy throughout the troposphere?
Correct Answer
convection currentsExplanation
Convection currents are responsible for moving air and thermal energy throughout the troposphere. As the Earth's surface gets heated by the sun, the air in contact with it also gets heated and rises due to its lower density. This creates an upward flow of warm air, while cooler air from higher altitudes moves down to replace it. This continuous circulation of air creates convection currents, which play a crucial role in distributing heat and moisture in the atmosphere, influencing weather patterns and climate.Rate this question:
- 18.
Explain how a barometer works
Correct Answer
measures atmospheric pressureExplanation
A barometer works by measuring atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the weight of the air above a certain point. A barometer consists of a long glass tube filled with mercury or a liquid, which is inverted into a dish of mercury. The height of the liquid in the tube changes with the atmospheric pressure. When the pressure is high, the liquid in the tube is pushed down, and when the pressure is low, the liquid rises. By measuring the height of the liquid, the barometer can determine the atmospheric pressure.Rate this question:
- 19.
Any warm thing is low what?
- A.
Density
- B.
Concentration
- C.
Pressure
- D.
Precipitation
Correct Answer
C. PressureExplanation
The question is asking for the term that is associated with the concept of "low" when referring to a warm thing. Out of the given options, pressure is the correct answer. In general, warm air has lower pressure compared to cold air. This is because warm air molecules have more energy and move faster, causing them to spread out and exert less pressure on their surroundings. Therefore, pressure is the term that describes the "low" characteristic of a warm thing.Rate this question:
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- 20.
What is a Chinook?
- A.
A burst of cool air in the Prairies
- B.
A burst of hot temperatures in the Prairies
- C.
A burst of BC air in the Prairies and Mari-times
- D.
A burst of hot wind in the Coastal regions
- E.
A long drought of hot air all over the interior
Correct Answer
B. A burst of hot temperatures in the PrairiesExplanation
A Chinook is a meteorological phenomenon characterized by a sudden and rapid increase in temperature in the Prairies. It is caused by warm air descending from the Rocky Mountains and compressing as it flows downslope, leading to a warming effect. This burst of hot temperatures can cause a rapid melting of snow and ice, leading to a significant change in weather conditions in a short period of time.Rate this question:
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- 21.
A warm front is when...
- A.
Warm air replaces cold air and so precipitation results
- B.
Warm air replaces cold air and winds carry the air onto the ocean
- C.
Prevailing winds
- D.
Chinook being carried by prevailing winds
- E.
Cold air replaces warm air and so precipitation results
Correct Answer
A. Warm air replaces cold air and so precipitation resultsExplanation
A warm front occurs when warm air moves into an area, replacing colder air. As the warm air rises over the colder air, it cools and condenses, leading to the formation of clouds and precipitation. This is why precipitation is associated with warm fronts.Rate this question:
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- 22.
A high pressure weather system would result in what type of weather developing over a geographic area?
- A.
Tornado
- B.
Clear skies
- C.
Hurricane
- D.
Windy
- E.
Rainy weather
Correct Answer
B. Clear skiesExplanation
A high pressure weather system is associated with sinking air, which leads to stable atmospheric conditions. This stability inhibits the formation of clouds and precipitation, resulting in clear skies. Therefore, the correct answer is clear skies.Rate this question:
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- 23.
In which layer is the ozone layer found?
- A.
Exosphere
- B.
Mesosphere
- C.
Stratosphere
- D.
Troposphere
- E.
Thermosphere
Correct Answer
C. StratospHereExplanation
The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere. The stratosphere is the second layer of the Earth's atmosphere, located above the troposphere. It extends from about 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface. The ozone layer is a region within the stratosphere that contains a high concentration of ozone molecules. It plays a crucial role in absorbing the majority of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation, protecting life on Earth from harmful UV rays.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Ice core data have been used to measure the amounts of which type of gas?
- A.
Carbon monoxide
- B.
Carbon dioxide
- C.
Oxygen
- D.
Nitrogen
- E.
Water vapour
Correct Answer
A. Carbon monoxideExplanation
Ice core data have been used to measure the amounts of carbon dioxide gas. Ice cores are cylindrical samples of ice that are drilled from ice sheets or glaciers. These ice cores contain bubbles of air trapped within them, which can provide valuable information about the Earth's past climate. By analyzing the composition of these air bubbles, scientists can determine the concentrations of various gases, including carbon dioxide. This data is important for studying climate change and understanding the impact of human activities on the atmosphere.Rate this question:
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- 25.
An increase in GHG in the atmosphere will...
- A.
No effect on Earth
- B.
Make temperatures fluctuate
- C.
Decrease temperatures on Earth
- D.
Increase temperatures on Earth
- E.
Create frequent earthquakes
Correct Answer
D. Increase temperatures on EarthExplanation
An increase in greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere will lead to an increase in temperatures on Earth. GHGs such as carbon dioxide and methane trap heat from the sun, causing the Earth's temperature to rise. This phenomenon, known as the greenhouse effect, is responsible for global warming. As the concentration of GHGs increases, more heat is trapped, leading to higher temperatures and various impacts on the climate system, such as melting ice caps, rising sea levels, and extreme weather events.Rate this question:
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- 26.
An El Nino is...
- A.
Cool temperatures in BC
- B.
Cool temperatures in California
- C.
Warm temperatures in BC
- D.
Warm temperatures in California
Correct Answer
C. Warm temperatures in BCExplanation
El Nino is a weather phenomenon characterized by the warming of the ocean surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. This warming can lead to various effects on weather patterns worldwide, including warmer temperatures in certain regions. In the context of the given options, the correct answer is "warm temperatures in BC" as El Nino can bring above-average temperatures to this region of Canada.Rate this question:
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- 27.
A La Nina is...
- A.
Cool temperatures in BC
- B.
Cool temperatures in California
- C.
Warm temperatures in BC
- D.
Warm temperatures in California
Correct Answer
A. Cool temperatures in BCExplanation
A La Nina is a weather pattern characterized by cooler than normal sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. This pattern can lead to changes in global weather patterns, including cooler temperatures in certain regions. In the case of British Columbia (BC), a La Nina event often brings cooler temperatures to the region. Therefore, the statement "cool temperatures in BC" is a correct explanation of a La Nina.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The remains of ancient marine creatures are composed of...
- A.
Carbon dioxide
- B.
Carbon monoxide
- C.
Calcium carbonate
- D.
Calcium carbonite
- E.
Sodium carbonate
Correct Answer
C. Calcium carbonateExplanation
The remains of ancient marine creatures are composed of calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate is a common mineral found in the shells, skeletons, and other hard parts of marine organisms such as coral, mollusks, and foraminifera. Over time, these remains accumulate and form sedimentary rocks like limestone. This is why calcium carbonate is the correct answer for the composition of ancient marine creature remains.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Catastrophic events can affect climate how?
- A.
By increasing the temperatures in the troposphere
- B.
By decreasing the temperatures in the troposphere
- C.
By decreasing carbon dioxide emissions
- D.
By increasing carbon dioxide emissions
- E.
By creating humans!!!!! mwahahaha
Correct Answer
B. By decreasing the temperatures in the tropospHereExplanation
Catastrophic events can affect climate by decreasing the temperatures in the troposphere. This can occur due to various factors such as volcanic eruptions, which release large amounts of ash and gases into the atmosphere, blocking sunlight and causing a cooling effect. Additionally, certain catastrophic events like asteroid impacts or nuclear winter scenarios can also lead to a decrease in temperatures by causing a significant amount of dust and debris to be released into the atmosphere, blocking sunlight and reducing the amount of heat reaching the Earth's surface.Rate this question:
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- 30.
What is the difference between a carbon sink and a carbon source?
- A.
Carbon sink- removes carbon carbon source- adds carbon
- B.
Carbon sink- adds carbon carbon source- removes carbon
- C.
Carbon source and sink are the same thing
- D.
Carbon source is found only in the ocean, carbon sink is found only on land
- E.
Carbon sink- the pink lining around your bathtub carbon source- the light-weight running shoes at Source for Sports
Correct Answer
A. Carbon sink- removes carbon carbon source- adds carbonExplanation
A carbon sink is a natural or artificial reservoir that absorbs and stores more carbon than it releases. It helps to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. On the other hand, a carbon source is a natural or human activity that releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, increasing its concentration. Therefore, a carbon sink removes carbon from the atmosphere, while a carbon source adds carbon to the atmosphere.Rate this question:
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- 31.
What do paleoclimatogists do?
- A.
Study fossils
- B.
Study ice core samples to discover ancient green house gases
- C.
Gathers information about ice core samples, and fossils and the type of gases inside of them
- D.
Gathers information about fossils and oil pockets, finding the most efficient way to produce machinery
Correct Answer
C. Gathers information about ice core samples, and fossils and the type of gases inside of themExplanation
Paleoclimatologists gather information about ice core samples, fossils, and the type of gases inside of them. They do not specifically study fossils or oil pockets, nor do they focus on finding efficient ways to produce machinery. By studying ice core samples, they can discover ancient greenhouse gases, which provides valuable insights into past climates and helps in understanding climate change patterns over time. The information gathered from these samples and fossils aids in reconstructing past climates and predicting future climate trends.Rate this question:
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- 32.
The combined effects of ______, _______, and _______ of Earth's orbit can be linked to the cooling of the global climate in the past and the cause of ice ages.
Correct Answer
tilt, wobble, shapeExplanation
The combined effects of tilt, wobble, and shape of Earth's orbit can be linked to the cooling of the global climate in the past and the cause of ice ages. The tilt of Earth's axis determines the amount of sunlight different parts of the planet receive throughout the year, leading to seasonal variations. The wobble, known as precession, affects the timing of the seasons. The shape of Earth's orbit, which varies over long periods of time, influences the amount of solar radiation reaching the planet. These factors together can result in changes in climate patterns, leading to periods of cooling and the formation of ice ages.Rate this question:
- 33.
____________ describes the average weather conditions of the atmosphere in a large region over 30 years or more.
Correct Answer
climateExplanation
Climate is the correct answer because it refers to the average weather patterns and conditions that persist over a long period of time, typically 30 years or more, in a specific region. It takes into account various factors such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind patterns, and atmospheric pressure. Climate provides a comprehensive understanding of the long-term weather patterns in a particular area and helps in predicting future weather conditions.Rate this question:
- 34.
Earth's orbit is ______.
Correct Answer
ellipticalExplanation
The correct answer is elliptical because Earth's orbit around the Sun is not a perfect circle, but rather an ellipse. This means that the distance between Earth and the Sun varies throughout the year, causing the seasons. The elliptical shape of the orbit also means that Earth is closer to the Sun at certain points (perihelion) and farther away at others (aphelion).Rate this question:
- 35.
Three examples that the Earth is undergoing climate change.
Correct Answer
Glacial melting, water level rising, weather changedExplanation
The Earth is undergoing climate change due to several reasons. One of them is glacial melting, which is a result of increased global temperatures. As temperatures rise, glaciers and ice caps melt, leading to rising sea levels. This is another example of climate change, as it affects coastal areas and can lead to flooding and erosion. Additionally, climate change is evident through the changing weather patterns. Extreme weather events like hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves have become more frequent and intense, indicating a shift in the Earth's climate.Rate this question:
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