1.
Only one of the below countries does not have a monarchial form of government today:
Correct Answer
B. England
Explanation
England is the only country among the options that does not have a monarchial form of government today. While Jordan, Monaco, and Saudi Arabia all have monarchies, with a king or a queen as the head of state, England is a constitutional monarchy. This means that although it has a monarch (currently Queen Elizabeth II), the monarch's powers are limited by a constitution and the country is primarily governed by elected officials.
2.
Only one of the below countries is a Scandinavian country:
Correct Answer
C. Finland
Explanation
Finland is the correct answer because it is the only country listed that is considered a Scandinavian country. The Scandinavian countries include Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland. Finland is located in Northern Europe and shares a border with Sweden. It is also a member of the Nordic Council and has cultural and historical ties to the other Scandinavian countries. On the other hand, Newfoundland is a province in Canada, Poland is a country in Central Europe, and Switzerland is a country in Western Europe, none of which are considered Scandinavian countries.
3.
Which country below is not geographically located in Central America:
Correct Answer
C. Jamaica
Explanation
Jamaica is not geographically located in Central America because it is an island in the Caribbean Sea, situated to the south of Cuba and west of Haiti. Central America is a region on the mainland, consisting of countries such as Panama, Honduras, and Nicaragua.
4.
The dominant ideology in America is:
Correct Answer
D. Capitalism
Explanation
Capitalism is the correct answer because it refers to the economic system in which private individuals and businesses own and control the means of production and distribution of goods and services. It is characterized by free market competition, profit motive, and private property rights. While democracy, equal opportunity, freedom, and diversity are all important values in American society, capitalism is the dominant ideology as it shapes the economic structure and policies of the country.
5.
Which of the below factors/indices accurately characterizes "socio-economic status":
Correct Answer
C. Occupation, education, income
Explanation
The factors/indices that accurately characterize "socio-economic status" are occupation, education, and income. These three factors are commonly used to determine an individual's social and economic standing in society. Occupation refers to the type of job or profession a person has, education refers to the level of formal education attained, and income refers to the amount of money earned. These factors provide insight into an individual's social and economic opportunities, resources, and overall well-being.
6.
According to W.E.B. DuBois, "the problem of the 20th century" has primarily to do with:
Correct Answer
C. Melanin dialectics
Explanation
According to W.E.B. DuBois, "the problem of the 20th century" primarily has to do with melanin dialectics. This suggests that DuBois believed that the main issue of the 20th century was related to the social and political struggles faced by people of African descent, particularly in relation to racial discrimination and inequality. The term "melanin dialectics" refers to the concept of understanding and addressing these issues through an analysis of the social, economic, and political dynamics surrounding race and racism.
7.
Only one of the below countries was identified as located in East Africa, and also, Swahili speaking:
Correct Answer
D. Kenya
Explanation
Kenya is the correct answer because it is the only country listed that is located in East Africa and also has Swahili as one of its official languages. Swahili is widely spoken in Kenya and is recognized as the national language, making it the only option that fits both criteria given in the question.
8.
According to the Instructor, what is it that fundamentally distinguishes "forms of government:"
Correct Answer
D. Where power resides
Explanation
The fundamental distinction between different forms of government lies in where power resides. This refers to the distribution of authority and decision-making within a political system. Different forms of government, such as democracy, monarchy, or dictatorship, have varying structures of power and governance. Understanding where power resides helps in identifying the nature and functioning of a particular government system.
9.
According to the Instructor, "the supreme instrument of power" is:
Correct Answer
D. The definition of alternatives
Explanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that the "definition of alternatives" is considered the supreme instrument of power according to the Instructor. This means that having a clear understanding and knowledge of different possible options and choices gives one the power to make informed decisions and take effective actions. It implies that the ability to define and consider alternatives is crucial in exerting influence and achieving desired outcomes.
10.
"The authoritative allocation of values" is best defined as:
Correct Answer
D. Power
Explanation
Power refers to the ability to influence or control others and make decisions. In the context of "the authoritative allocation of values," power is the most appropriate term as it implies the ability to allocate or distribute values in a way that is considered authoritative or official. This suggests that the entity or individual with power has the authority or control to determine what values are important and how they should be allocated within a given society or group.
11.
Theoretically, only one of the below is not a form of government:
Correct Answer
A. Communism
Explanation
Communism is not a form of government because it is an economic and social ideology that advocates for the abolition of private property and the establishment of a classless society. In communism, the means of production are owned and controlled by the community as a whole, rather than by individuals or the state. It is a system that aims to create a society without social classes, where wealth and resources are distributed equally among all members. Unlike the other options listed (totalitarianism, democracy, and aristocracy), communism does not specifically refer to a system of governing or organizing political power.
12.
The top priority concern of any form of government is:
Correct Answer
C. Citizen participation
Explanation
Citizen participation is the top priority concern of any form of government because it ensures that the voices and opinions of the citizens are heard and taken into account in decision-making processes. It allows for a more inclusive and democratic system where individuals have the opportunity to actively engage in shaping policies and governance. By prioritizing citizen participation, governments can foster a sense of ownership and accountability among the population, leading to a more responsive and effective governance structure.
13.
According to Dr. Uhuru, the most problematic factor that America's citizenry will have to resolve during the first decade of the 21st century is:
Correct Answer
B. Religion
Explanation
Religion is identified as the most problematic factor that America's citizenry will have to resolve during the first decade of the 21st century. This suggests that issues related to religious beliefs, practices, and conflicts may have a significant impact on the social, political, and cultural dynamics of the country. The influence of religion on various aspects of life, such as politics, education, and social cohesion, can lead to tensions and divisions within society. Resolving these challenges may require addressing religious intolerance, promoting interfaith dialogue, and finding ways to accommodate diverse religious beliefs and practices within a pluralistic society.
14.
"Zero-sum" conflict refers to:
Correct Answer
C. You win I lose or vice versa
Explanation
"Zero-sum" conflict refers to a situation where one side's gain is directly balanced by the other side's loss. In this type of conflict, there is no possibility for both sides to win or for mutual compromise. Instead, it is a scenario where one side's victory results in the other side's defeat, or vice versa.
15.
"Socialization" refers to:
Correct Answer
C. How one comes to have the attitudes and beliefs that one holds
Explanation
Socialization refers to the process through which individuals acquire their attitudes and beliefs. It involves the transmission of cultural values, norms, and ideologies from society to individuals, shaping their perspectives and influencing their behavior. Socialization can occur through various agents such as family, peers, education, and media. It plays a crucial role in shaping individuals' political attitudes and beliefs, as they are exposed to different socializing agents that influence their understanding of politics, government, and societal issues. Therefore, the given answer accurately defines socialization as the process by which individuals develop their attitudes and beliefs.
16.
Only one of the below characteristics is not true of feudalism:
Correct Answer
A. Feudalism is characterized by its empHasis on individualism
17.
All but one of the below statements about "world view" is true:
Correct Answer
D. World views are generally explicit
18.
The Instructor noted that "orthodoxy":
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
The correct answer is "All of the above." This means that all of the statements mentioned in the question are true when it comes to the concept of "orthodoxy." The first statement suggests that orthodoxy can be associated with the "true believer" syndrome, indicating a strong adherence to one's beliefs. The second statement implies that orthodoxy involves rigid strict adherence to one's beliefs. The third statement states that orthodoxy can lead to zero-sum conflict in metaphysical contexts. Therefore, all of these statements accurately describe the concept of orthodoxy.
19.
Theoretically, which of the below is an economic doctrine:
Correct Answer
C. Communism
Explanation
Communism is an economic doctrine that advocates for the abolition of private ownership of property and the means of production. It promotes a classless society where all resources are shared equally among the members of the community. This ideology believes in a centrally planned economy, where the government controls and distributes resources to ensure equality and eliminate social classes.
20.
That branch of science and philosophy that deals with the origins and limits of knowledge:
Correct Answer
A. Epistemology
Explanation
Epistemology is the correct answer because it refers to the branch of science and philosophy that focuses on the study of knowledge, including its origins, nature, and limitations. It explores questions such as how knowledge is acquired, what constitutes knowledge, and how it can be justified. Epistemology is concerned with understanding the nature of knowledge and the processes by which knowledge is obtained, making it the most appropriate option among the given choices.
21.
To proselytize refers to:
Correct Answer
C. Trying to convert someone
Explanation
To proselytize means to actively try to convert someone to a different religious or belief system. It involves attempting to persuade or convince someone to adopt a new set of beliefs or practices. This can be done through various means such as preaching, teaching, or sharing religious texts. It is different from forgiving someone or praying for someone, as it specifically refers to the act of trying to change someone's religious beliefs. Therefore, the correct answer is "trying to convert someone."
22.
Dr. Uhuru has argued that "ethnocentric"/"ethnocentrism" might better be understood as referring to:
Correct Answer
B. Positive attitudes that an ethnic group holds about itself but not projecting negatives about other ethnic groups
Explanation
The correct answer is positive attitudes that an ethnic group holds about itself but not projecting negatives about other ethnic groups. This means that ethnocentrism refers to a positive view of one's own ethnic group, but without denigrating or belittling other ethnic groups. It does not include negative attitudes towards other ethnic groups, racism, or ethnicism. Ethnocentrism is a concept that describes the tendency to judge other cultures based on the standards and values of one's own culture.
23.
Which of the following would not accurately characterize a "dialectical process:"
Correct Answer
A. It is primarily concerned with "fairness"
Explanation
A dialectical process is characterized by conflict, contradictions, and examining ideas, practices, and policies using logical argumentation via the Socratic method. It is not primarily concerned with fairness. Fairness may be a consideration within a dialectical process, but it is not the main focus. The main focus is on the resolution of conflicts and contradictions through logical reasoning and argumentation.