Section Quiz 30-1 Africa And The Middle East, 1945-presnt

Chinua Achebe is a Nigerian novelist who is known for his writings that explore themes of colonialism, cultural clash, and African identity. His most famous work, "Things Fall Apart," is considered a classic of African literature. Achebe's writings often shed light on the effects of colonization and the struggle for independence in Nigeria. His works also address social issues such as apartheid and the impact of AIDS in Africa. Therefore, the correct answer is Chinua Achebe.

AIDS is a widespread epidemic in Africa south of the Sahara. This disease has had a significant impact on the region, causing immense suffering and loss of life. Desmond Tutu, a prominent South African activist, has been involved in raising awareness and advocating for better treatment and prevention of AIDS. Chinua Achebe, a renowned Nigerian author, also addressed the issue of AIDS in his works, shedding light on the social and cultural implications of the epidemic. Both Tutu and Achebe have played important roles in bringing attention to the devastating effects of AIDS in Africa.

Desmond Tutu is the correct answer because he is a South African bishop and Nobel Peace Prize winner. He is well-known for his activism against apartheid, a system of racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa. Tutu played a significant role in the anti-apartheid movement and advocated for equal rights and justice for all South Africans. Additionally, he has been involved in promoting Pan-Africanism, which emphasizes the unity and solidarity of African people worldwide. Tutu has also been a prominent advocate in the fight against AIDS, raising awareness and working to combat the spread of the disease. Chinua Achebe, although a notable Nigerian author, does not fit the description given in the question.

Pan-Africanism is the belief in the unity and solidarity of all black Africans, regardless of their geographical location. It is a movement that aims to promote the rights and interests of people of African descent worldwide. This concept emerged during the struggle against apartheid in South Africa, where Desmond Tutu played a significant role as a prominent anti-apartheid activist. Pan-Africanism also encompasses various social, political, and cultural movements that seek to address issues such as racism, inequality, and colonialism. While AIDS and Chinua Achebe are relevant topics in African history and literature, they do not directly relate to the idea of the unity of all black Africans.

Apartheid was a system of racial segregation used in South Africa. It was a policy of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination that was enforced by the National Party government from 1948 to 1994. This system aimed to separate different racial groups, particularly the white minority and the black majority, in all aspects of life including housing, education, and employment. Apartheid was widely criticized and opposed both within South Africa and internationally for its violation of human rights and its perpetuation of racial inequality.

The correct answer is spending on industrial infrastructure. Economic prosperity in many African nations has been hindered by overdependence on a single crop or natural resource, high population growth, and widespread drought and resulting hunger and starvation. However, spending on industrial infrastructure is not a hindrance to economic prosperity; in fact, it can contribute to economic development and growth by creating job opportunities, improving productivity, and attracting investments.

Most African nations today include widely divergent ethnic, linguistic, and territorial groups because most national boundaries had been arbitrarily drawn by colonial powers. This explanation suggests that the reason for the diversity in African nations is due to the way colonial powers divided and allocated territories without considering the existing ethnic, linguistic, and territorial groups. This resulted in the creation of nations with diverse populations that may not necessarily align with the natural or historical boundaries of these groups.

The African form of socialism was based on African traditions of community. This means that it drew inspiration from the communal values and practices that were deeply rooted in African societies. Unlike Soviet communism, Eastern European communism, and Cuban communism, which were influenced by Marxist-Leninist ideologies, African socialism sought to promote social and economic development through collective ownership, cooperation, and a sense of shared responsibility within the community. This approach aimed to address the specific needs and cultural context of African societies.

The correct answer is worldwide pressure on de Klerk's government. This suggests that the end of South African white rule was influenced by international pressure exerted on de Klerk's government. This pressure could have come from various sources, such as global public opinion, economic sanctions, diplomatic efforts, and international organizations advocating for the dismantling of apartheid. The collective pressure from the international community likely played a significant role in bringing about the end of white rule in South Africa.

After the arrest of Nelson Mandela, the African National Congress (ANC) leader, the organization disbanded and fell into disarray. This implies that the ANC, as a result of Mandela's arrest, ceased to exist as a functioning and organized group and faced internal chaos and confusion. This is a likely outcome as the arrest of a prominent leader can have a destabilizing effect on any organization, leading to its disintegration and loss of direction.