Semester 2 Week 2 Embryo - Neuroembryology

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  • 1/8 Questions

    The pons and cerebellum are derived from the walls of which structure?

    • Metencephalon
    • Telencephalon
    • Diencephalon
    • Mesencephalon
    • Myelencephalon
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About This Quiz

This quiz focuses on Neuroembryology, assessing knowledge on the development of the nervous system in embryos. Topics include the formation of myelin sheaths, derivation of brain structures, and the embryological origins of cranial nerves and muscle groups. Essential for students in medical or biological sciences.

Developmental Biology Quizzes & Trivia

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  • 2. 

    Nerve tracts running through the caudal medulla develop ventral to the sulcus limitans and eventually form the pyramids. Based on the position of their embryological development, what is the functional association of the pyramids?

    • Somatic sensory

    • Visceral sensory

    • Special sensory

    • Motor

    • Sympathetic

    Correct Answer
    A. Motor
    Explanation
    The pyramids are formed by nerve tracts running through the caudal medulla, which develop ventral to the sulcus limitans. This indicates that the functional association of the pyramids is motor.

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  • 3. 

    The myelin sheaths surrounding cranial and spinal nerves are formed by which of the following cells?

    • Astrocytes

    • Schwann cells

    • Microglial cells

    • Neuroglial cells

    • Oligodendrocytes

    Correct Answer
    A. Schwann cells
    Explanation
    Schwann cells are responsible for forming the myelin sheaths surrounding cranial and spinal nerves. Myelin sheaths are important for insulating and protecting nerve fibers, allowing for faster and more efficient transmission of nerve impulses. Astrocytes, microglial cells, neuroglial cells, and oligodendrocytes are all types of glial cells, but they do not form myelin sheaths around cranial and spinal nerves.

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  • 4. 

    Failure of closure of the cranial neuropore causes which serious congenital malformation?

    • Meroanencephaly

    • Rachischisis

    • Myelocele

    • Spina bifida occulta

    • Spina bifida cystica

    Correct Answer
    A. Meroanencephaly
    Explanation
    Meroanencephaly is a serious congenital malformation that occurs when the cranial neuropore fails to close properly. This results in incomplete development and closure of the brain and skull. It is a severe form of neural tube defect that leads to significant brain abnormalities and is often fatal.

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  • 5. 

    The nucleus of the fourth cranial nerve, an exclusively motor nerve, which exits from the dorsum of the brainstem and innervates a muscle that moves the eyeball, is derived from which embryonic location?

    • Alar plate of the metencephalon

    • Alar plate of the myelencephalon

    • Basal plate of the mesencephalon

    • Basal plate of the diencephalon

    • Intermediolateral position near the sulcus limitans of the rhombencephalon

    Correct Answer
    A. Basal plate of the mesencephalon
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the basal plate of the mesencephalon. The fourth cranial nerve, also known as the trochlear nerve, is a motor nerve that controls the superior oblique muscle of the eyeball. During embryonic development, the nucleus of this nerve is derived from the basal plate of the mesencephalon, which is a region in the midbrain.

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  • 6. 

    DiGeorge Syndrome is a suite of congenital craniofacial malformations associated with immunological defects due to failure of the thymus gland to differentiate and calcium metabolic defects related to failed parathyroid gland development. What is the primary embryological cause of this syndrome?

    • Failure of development of Rathke's pouch

    • Lack of migration of ectoderm through the primitive streak

    • Lack of normal development and migration of neural crest cells

    • Failure of descent of the thyroid gland primordium

    • Lack of normal closure of the cervical sinus

    Correct Answer
    A. Lack of normal development and migration of neural crest cells
    Explanation
    The primary embryological cause of DiGeorge Syndrome is the lack of normal development and migration of neural crest cells. Neural crest cells are a group of cells that arise from the neural tube during embryonic development and migrate to various parts of the body, including the thymus gland, parathyroid glands, and facial structures. In DiGeorge Syndrome, there is a failure in the normal development and migration of these cells, leading to the craniofacial malformations, immunological defects, and calcium metabolic defects associated with the syndrome.

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  • 7. 

    Which of the following is a derivative of the epaxial musculature?

    • Rectus femoris

    • Biceps brachii

    • Trapezius

    • Innermost intercostal

    • Rectus capitis posterior minor

    Correct Answer
    A. Rectus capitis posterior minor
    Explanation
    The epaxial musculature refers to the muscles located on the dorsal side of the body, specifically the muscles that run along the vertebral column. The rectus capitis posterior minor is a small muscle located in the posterior neck region, which is part of the epaxial musculature. Therefore, it is a derivative of the epaxial musculature. The other options, such as the rectus femoris, biceps brachii, trapezius, and innermost intercostal, are not derivatives of the epaxial musculature.

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  • 8. 

    A young child is diagnosed with a communicating or non obstructive hydrocephalus. Which of the following is the most 14(01 cause of this condition?

    • Blockage of the foramen of Monroe

    • Blockage of the aqueduct of sylvius

    • Blockage of the foramen of Megendie in 4th ventricle

    • Blockage of the arachnoid villi

    Correct Answer
    A. Blockage of the arachnoid villi
    Explanation
    Blockage of the arachnoid villi is the most common cause of communicating or non-obstructive hydrocephalus. The arachnoid villi are responsible for absorbing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and maintaining the balance of fluid in the brain. When these villi become blocked, the CSF cannot be properly absorbed, leading to an accumulation of fluid and subsequent hydrocephalus. This condition is often seen in young children and can result in symptoms such as enlarged head size, developmental delays, and neurological problems.

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  • Jun 28, 2024
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  • Jan 15, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    BLACKMD
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