Biology - Sensory System - MCQ

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The initials CNS stand for Central Nervous System. The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing and transmitting information throughout the body. It controls and coordinates all bodily functions and is essential for communication between different parts of the body.

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A neuron is another name for a nerve cell. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit information throughout the body. They have a unique structure that allows them to receive, process, and transmit electrical and chemical signals. Neurons are responsible for coordinating and controlling various functions in the body, including movement, sensation, and cognition. They are the building blocks of the nervous system and play a crucial role in the communication between different parts of the body.

The brain is part of the central nervous system, which is responsible for processing and coordinating information in the body. It receives and interprets signals from the sensory organs and sends out signals to control various bodily functions. The lung, eye, and ear are not part of the central nervous system, although they do play important roles in the respiratory, visual, and auditory systems, respectively.

The correct answer is A = spinal chord, B = nerve. The diagram shows two parts, one labeled A and the other labeled B. A is labeled as the spinal cord, which is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue that extends from the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. B is labeled as a nerve, which is a bundle of fibers that transmit signals between the central nervous system (CNS) and other parts of the body.

When an organism reacts to a stimulus, it is referred to as a response. A response is a specific reaction or behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus. It can be a physical or behavioral change in an organism in response to its environment.

The brain is responsible for memory, making decisions, and receiving information from the sense organs. However, it is not a function of the brain to protect the skull. The skull serves as a protective barrier for the brain, shielding it from external injuries. The brain itself is encased in a layer of protective membranes called meninges, which provide additional protection. Therefore, the brain's primary function is not to protect the skull, but rather to perform cognitive and sensory functions.

In the given diagram, X refers to the iris, which is the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil. Y refers to the optic nerve, which is responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain.

The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system. It is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the brainstem to the lower back. It is responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body, allowing for the coordination and control of bodily functions.

The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae, which are the bones that make up the spinal column. The vertebrae surround and encase the spinal cord, providing a protective barrier against injury. This bony structure helps to prevent damage to the delicate nerves and tissues of the spinal cord, which is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system.

The spinal cord is responsible for carrying information from the brain to the muscles and glands. It acts as a communication pathway, transmitting signals from the brain to various parts of the body, allowing for voluntary and involuntary movements. The spinal cord also plays a crucial role in reflex actions, where it can initiate an immediate response without involving the brain. Therefore, the spinal cord is the correct answer for this question.

In the given diagram, X is labeled as lens and Y is labeled as optic nerve. The lens is a transparent structure located behind the iris that helps to focus light onto the retina. The optic nerve is a bundle of nerve fibers that carries visual information from the retina to the brain. Therefore, X = lens and Y = optic nerve accurately describe the parts labeled in the diagram.

The part labelled A in the diagram of the human eye is the lens. The lens is a transparent structure located behind the iris and is responsible for focusing light onto the retina. It helps to adjust the focal length of the eye, allowing us to see objects at different distances clearly.

The iris is the coloured part of the eye that controls the amount of light entering. It is responsible for adjusting the size of the pupil, which regulates the amount of light that reaches the retina. By contracting or dilating, the iris helps to protect the delicate structures of the eye from excessive light and maintain optimal visual acuity in different lighting conditions.

The tongue is a sense organ because it is responsible for the sense of taste. It contains taste buds that can detect different flavors such as sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. The taste buds send signals to the brain, allowing us to perceive and differentiate between different tastes.

The correct answer is Vitreous humour. The vitreous humour is a jelly-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina in the eye. It helps maintain the shape of the eyeball and allows light to pass through it before reaching the retina, where the light is converted into electrical signals that are sent to the brain for visual interpretation.

The ciliary muscle is responsible for changing the shape of the lens in the human eye. This is necessary for the process of accommodation, which allows the eye to focus on objects at different distances. When the ciliary muscle contracts, it causes the lens to become thicker, allowing for near vision. When the ciliary muscle relaxes, the lens becomes thinner, enabling clear distance vision.

The correct answer is A = cytoplasm, B = nucleus. In a cell, the cytoplasm refers to the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and contains various organelles. The nucleus, on the other hand, is a membrane-bound organelle that houses the cell's genetic material and controls cellular activities. In the given diagram, part A represents the cytoplasm, which is the main component of the cell, and part B represents the nucleus, which is the control center of the cell.

The iris is the colored part of the eye that surrounds the pupil. It controls the size of the pupil and regulates the amount of light that enters the eye. The iris contains pigments that determine the color of the eye, such as blue, green, brown, or hazel.

The change in an environment to which a body responds is called a stimulus. A stimulus can be any change in the external or internal environment that triggers a response in an organism. It can be a physical, chemical, or biological change that elicits a reaction or behavior from the body. The body detects the stimulus through its sensory organs and then produces a response or reaction to adapt to the change in the environment.

The central nervous system (CNS) is responsible for receiving information from sense organs, sending responses to muscles, and being responsible for memory. However, the CNS does not have the role of protecting the spinal cord. The spinal cord is protected by the vertebral column, which consists of a series of bones called vertebrae. The CNS, which includes the brain and spinal cord, primarily functions in coordinating and controlling the body's activities, rather than providing physical protection to the spinal cord.

The sense cells in the eye are found in the retina. The retina is a layer of tissue located at the back of the eye that contains specialized cells called photoreceptors. These photoreceptor cells, known as rods and cones, are responsible for detecting and converting light into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain as visual information. Therefore, the retina plays a crucial role in the process of vision.

The skull does not belong to the central nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing and transmitting information throughout the body. Nerves, on the other hand, are part of the peripheral nervous system, which connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body. The skull is a bone structure that protects the brain, but it is not directly involved in the functions of the central nervous system.

The ciliary muscles are responsible for changing the shape of the lens. When these muscles contract, the lens becomes thicker and rounder, allowing it to focus on nearby objects. When the ciliary muscles relax, the lens becomes thinner and flatter, allowing it to focus on distant objects. This change in shape of the lens helps in properly focusing the light onto the retina for clear vision.

The sclera is located on the outer layer of the eye. It is the tough, white, fibrous tissue that forms the protective outer covering of the eyeball. The sclera helps to maintain the shape of the eye and provides attachment points for the muscles that control eye movement. It also helps to protect the delicate structures inside the eye and provides a sturdy surface for the attachment of the conjunctiva, a thin, transparent membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids.

The iris is the colored part of the eye that surrounds the pupil. It is responsible for controlling the size of the pupil and thus regulating the amount of light that enters the eye. The iris contains muscles that contract or relax to adjust the size of the pupil in response to different lighting conditions. This helps to protect the delicate structures of the eye and optimize vision in various environments.

The correct answer is A = brain, B = back bone. In the diagram, A refers to the structure located at the top, which is the brain. B refers to the structure below, which is the back bone or spinal column.

The sclera is the outermost transparent layer of the eye. It is the white part of the eye that protects the inner structures and provides shape and support to the eyeball. The sclera is composed of dense connective tissue and is responsible for maintaining the shape and integrity of the eye. It also helps to protect the delicate internal structures of the eye from injury or damage.

The iris in the human eye functions to control the amount of light entering the eye. It does this by adjusting the size of the pupil, which is the opening in the center of the iris. When there is bright light, the iris contracts, making the pupil smaller to limit the amount of light that enters the eye. Conversely, in low light conditions, the iris expands, making the pupil larger to allow more light to enter the eye. This mechanism helps to regulate the amount of light reaching the retina, ensuring optimal vision in different lighting conditions.

The iris is responsible for controlling the amount of light that enters the eye. It does this by adjusting the size of the pupil, which is the opening in the center of the iris. When there is bright light, the iris contracts and makes the pupil smaller to limit the amount of light that enters the eye. Conversely, in low light conditions, the iris expands and makes the pupil larger to allow more light to enter the eye. This regulation of light helps to protect the sensitive structures within the eye and ensures that the appropriate amount of light reaches the retina for clear vision.

The pupil appears black in most situations because most of the light entering the eye is absorbed. When light enters the eye, it passes through the pupil and is absorbed by the tissues at the back of the eye, such as the retina. This absorption prevents the light from reflecting back out of the eye, causing the pupil to appear black.

The transparent front part of the eye is called the cornea. It is the clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye. The cornea plays a crucial role in focusing light onto the retina, allowing us to see clearly. It also helps to protect the eye from dust, germs, and other foreign particles.

The cornea is the transparent outermost layer of the eye that helps to focus light onto the retina. It acts as a protective barrier and also plays a major role in the eye's ability to refract light. When light enters the eye, it first passes through the cornea before reaching the other parts of the eye, such as the lens and the retina. Therefore, the cornea is responsible for allowing light to enter the front of the eye.

The light receptor cells in the eye, known as rods and cones, are located in the retina. The retina is the innermost layer of the eye and contains the photoreceptor cells that are responsible for detecting and converting light into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve for visual processing. The retina plays a crucial role in vision, as it is where the initial processing of visual information takes place.

The correct answer is A = aqueous humour, B = vitreous humour. The aqueous humour is a clear, watery fluid that fills the front part of the eye, between the cornea and the lens. It helps maintain the shape of the eyeball and provides nutrients to the cornea and lens. The vitreous humour is a gel-like substance that fills the back part of the eye, between the lens and the retina. It helps maintain the shape of the eyeball and supports the retina, which is responsible for capturing images and sending them to the brain for interpretation.

The lens of the eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina. The lens is a transparent structure located behind the iris and it adjusts its shape to bend the incoming light rays so that they converge onto the retina, which is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. This process enables the formation of clear and focused images on the retina, which are then transmitted to the brain for interpretation.

The cornea is the transparent outer covering of the eye that plays a crucial role in allowing light to enter the eye. It acts as a protective barrier and helps to focus light onto the retina, which is responsible for detecting and processing visual information. Without the cornea, light would not be able to enter the eye properly, resulting in impaired vision. Therefore, the function of the cornea is to allow light into the eye.

The spinal cord is responsible for carrying sensory information from the sense organs to the brain. It acts as a pathway for the transmission of signals, allowing the brain to receive and interpret sensory input. This statement correctly describes the function of the spinal cord in the nervous system.

The opening in the colored part of the eye that adjusts the amount of light entering the eye is called the iris. The iris contains muscles that can contract and expand, allowing it to control the size of the pupil. When the iris muscles contract, the pupil becomes smaller, limiting the amount of light that enters the eye. Conversely, when the iris muscles relax, the pupil becomes larger, allowing more light to enter the eye.

Motor neurones carry messages away from the brain. They are responsible for transmitting signals from the brain to the muscles and glands in the body, allowing for movement and coordination. Sensory nerves, on the other hand, carry messages to the brain from sensory receptors in the body, providing information about touch, temperature, pain, and other sensations. Vertebrae are the bones that make up the spinal column, which protects the spinal cord. The spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that runs through the vertebrae, connecting the brain to the rest of the body.

The choroid is the middle layer of the eye that contains blood vessels. It is responsible for supplying oxygen and nutrients to the retina, which is located at the back of the eye. The choroid also helps to regulate the amount of light that enters the eye by absorbing excess light.

The part labelled X in the diagram is called the retina. The retina is a layer of tissue located at the back of the eye that contains cells called photoreceptors. These photoreceptors are responsible for converting light into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain as visual information. The retina plays a crucial role in vision and is essential for clear and sharp vision.

The lens of the eye changes shape as the ciliary muscles contract or relax. The ciliary muscles are responsible for controlling the shape of the lens, allowing it to adjust its focus for near or distant objects. When the ciliary muscles contract, the lens becomes thicker, allowing for better focus on nearby objects. Conversely, when the ciliary muscles relax, the lens becomes thinner, enabling better focus on distant objects.

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The function of the pupil is to control the amount of light entering the eye. The size of the pupil can change in response to the amount of light in the environment, allowing more or less light to enter the eye. This helps to regulate the amount of light that reaches the retina, ensuring that the visual system functions optimally in different lighting conditions.

In the diagram, part X is labeled as the spinal cord and part Y is labeled as a nerve. The spinal cord is a long, cylindrical bundle of nerves that extends from the base of the brain down the vertebral column. It is responsible for relaying sensory information from the body to the brain and transmitting motor commands from the brain to the body. Nerves, on the other hand, are bundles of fibers that transmit signals between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is X = spinal cord, Y = nerve.