1.
What is known as the "Clap"?
Correct Answer
D. Neisseria gonorrhea
Explanation
Neisseria gonorrhea is known as the "Clap".
2.
Organism that causes Chlamydia?
Correct Answer
Chlamydia trachomatis
Explanation
Chlamydia trachomatis is the correct answer because it is a type of bacteria that causes the sexually transmitted infection known as Chlamydia. It is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections globally and can affect both men and women. Chlamydia trachomatis can cause various symptoms such as genital discharge, pain during urination, and pelvic pain. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as infertility and increased risk of HIV transmission. It is important to get tested and treated for Chlamydia trachomatis if you suspect you may have been exposed to the infection.
3.
Organism that causes syphilis?
Correct Answer
Treponema pallidum
Explanation
Treponema pallidum is the correct answer because it is the specific bacterium that causes syphilis. This spiral-shaped bacterium is transmitted through sexual contact or from mother to child during pregnancy. It infects various body tissues and can cause a wide range of symptoms, including genital sores, rashes, fever, and neurological complications if left untreated. Treponema pallidum is a highly contagious and sexually transmitted pathogen that requires prompt medical intervention for effective treatment.
4.
Hard Chancre
Seeps clear fluid
Heals within 3 weeks
Are all symptoms of what orgamism? _________ ____________
Correct Answer
B. Primary SypHilis
Explanation
Primary syphilis is the correct answer because it is characterized by the presence of a hard chancre, which is a painless sore that seeps clear fluid. This sore typically appears at the site of infection, usually the genitals, and heals within 3 weeks. These symptoms are indicative of the early stage of syphilis infection.
5.
Teponema pallidum organis is in the shape of rods?
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
spirochete
6.
Treatment for Treponema pallidum is?
Correct Answer
D. Penicillin
Explanation
Penicillin is the correct answer for the treatment of Treponema pallidum. Treponema pallidum is the bacterium that causes syphilis, and penicillin is the preferred antibiotic for its treatment. Penicillin is highly effective in killing the bacteria and preventing further complications. Other antibiotics like doxycycline and tetracycline may also be used as alternatives in cases of penicillin allergies or if penicillin is not available. However, penicillin remains the most commonly used and recommended treatment for syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum.
7.
Gram (-) diplococci, kidney shape, name the organism?__________
Correct Answer
Neisseria gonorrhea
Explanation
Gram-negative diplococci that are kidney-shaped are characteristic of Neisseria gonorrhea. This bacterium is the causative agent of the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. The unique shape and gram-negative staining pattern of Neisseria gonorrhea help to differentiate it from other organisms.
8.
Treatment for Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)?
Correct Answer
B. Doxycycline
Explanation
Doxycycline is the correct treatment for Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). LGV is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a certain strain of the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is effective against Chlamydia infections. It works by inhibiting the growth and replication of the bacteria. Other antibiotics like azithromycin and ciprofloxacin may also be used in some cases, but doxycycline is the preferred treatment choice for LGV. Penicillin is not effective against Chlamydia infections, so it is not a suitable treatment option for LGV.
9.
Secondary Syphilis has symptoms:
flu like
palms of soles and feet have a rash
death can result if untreated
copper colored skin rash
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Secondary syphilis is a stage of syphilis infection that occurs after the initial primary stage. It is characterized by flu-like symptoms, such as fever, fatigue, and body aches. One of the distinctive symptoms of secondary syphilis is a rash that typically appears on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. This rash is often described as copper-colored or reddish-brown in appearance. If left untreated, syphilis can progress to more severe stages and potentially lead to death. Therefore, the statement that secondary syphilis has these symptoms is true.
10.
Inflammation of the kidneys?
Correct Answer
B. PyelenopHritis
Explanation
Pyelonephritis refers to the inflammation of the kidneys, specifically the renal pelvis and the kidney tissue. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection that spreads from the bladder to the kidneys. Symptoms of pyelonephritis include fever, back pain, frequent urination, and cloudy or bloody urine. Salpingitis refers to the inflammation of the fallopian tubes, prostatitis refers to the inflammation of the prostate gland, and urethritis refers to the inflammation of the urethra. While these conditions may cause discomfort and pain, they do not specifically involve inflammation of the kidneys.
11.
Inflammation of the fallopian tubes?___________
Correct Answer
salpingitis
Explanation
Salpingitis is the medical term used to describe inflammation of the fallopian tubes. This condition can be caused by various factors such as infection, sexually transmitted diseases, or pelvic inflammatory disease. Symptoms of salpingitis may include pelvic pain, fever, abnormal vaginal discharge, and pain during intercourse. If left untreated, salpingitis can lead to complications such as infertility or ectopic pregnancy. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to clear the infection and relieve symptoms.
12.
Treatment for Chlamydia?
Correct Answer
A. Doxycycline, erythomycin
Explanation
Doxycycline and erythromycin are both antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of Chlamydia. Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Doxycycline and erythromycin are effective in treating Chlamydia because they can kill or inhibit the growth of the bacteria. These antibiotics are usually prescribed for a specific duration to ensure complete eradication of the infection. It is important to follow the prescribed treatment regimen and complete the full course of antibiotics to effectively treat Chlamydia and prevent complications.
13.
Symptoms of Chlamydia include:
painful urination
watery discharge
discharge
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The given symptoms of painful urination, watery discharge, and discharge are indeed associated with Chlamydia. Therefore, the correct answer is true.
14.
Haemophilus ducrey, is a gram (-) coccobacilli? Name the disease?
Correct Answer
A. Chancroid
Explanation
Haemophilus ducreyi is a gram-negative coccobacillus that causes the sexually transmitted infection known as chancroid. Chancroid is characterized by the development of painful genital ulcers and is commonly associated with the formation of inguinal lymphadenitis. This infection is primarily found in regions with poor hygiene and limited access to healthcare, and it can increase the risk of HIV transmission. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are necessary to prevent complications and further spread of the disease.
15.
Symptoms of Haemophilus ducrey include:
Gummas
Damage to the central nervous system
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Also known as Chancroid, symptoms include Soft Chancre, swollen lymph nodes, causes painful genitul ulcers
16.
Azithromycin
Erythormycin
Ceftriazone
All are treatments used for what disease?
Correct Answer
A. Chancroid
Explanation
Azithromycin, Erythromycin, and Ceftriazone are all treatments used for Chancroid. Chancroid is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Haemophilus ducreyi. These medications are commonly prescribed to treat the infection and alleviate symptoms such as painful ulcers or sores in the genital area.
17.
Symptoms include:
Salpingitis
PID
Opthalmia
Pneumonia
infertitlity, etopic pregnancy
Correct Answer
B. Chlamydia
Explanation
Chlamydia is the correct answer because it is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause various symptoms such as salpingitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ophthalmia, pneumonia, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Syphilis, gonorrhea, and chancroid are also sexually transmitted infections, but they do not typically present with the same range of symptoms as chlamydia.
18.
Obligate intracellular parasite
non-gonococcal urethritis
15-24 years old
2 phases- infectious elementary body, non-infectious reticulate body
Correct Answer
A. Chlamydia trachomatis
Explanation
Chlamydia trachomatis is the correct answer because it is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes non-gonococcal urethritis, which is a common sexually transmitted infection in individuals aged 15-24 years old. Chlamydia trachomatis has a unique life cycle with two phases - the infectious elementary body and the non-infectious reticulate body.
19.
Fever, swelling and tenderness of the groin lymph nodes.
Prevalence: C & S America, SE Asia
Correct Answer
D. LympHogranuloma venereum (LGV)
Explanation
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It primarily affects the lymph nodes in the groin area, causing fever, swelling, and tenderness. The prevalence of LGV is higher in Central and South America, as well as Southeast Asia. Granuloma inguinale, caused by Klebsiella granulomatis, is another sexually transmitted infection that can cause similar symptoms, but it is more commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. Treponema pallidum is the bacterium responsible for syphilis, and Haemophilus ducreyi causes chancroid, both of which can also cause genital ulcers but do not typically present with lymph node involvement like LGV.
20.
Symptoms include:
begins with nodules>lead to ulcers>bleed easily>lymph nodes
Fever absent
Correct Answer
C. Granuloma inguinale
Explanation
Granuloma inguinale is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Klebsiella granulomatis. The symptoms of granuloma inguinale typically start with the formation of nodules on the genitals or around the anus. These nodules can progress to ulcers that may bleed easily. Additionally, the infection can cause swelling of the nearby lymph nodes. Unlike the other options listed, granuloma inguinale does not typically cause fever. Therefore, based on the symptoms described, granuloma inguinale is the most likely correct answer.
21.
Name the organism that causes Granuloma inguinale?
Correct Answer
Klebsiella granulomatis
Explanation
Also known as
Donovanosis
22.
Treatment for Donovanosis?
Correct Answer
A. Tetracycline
Explanation
Donovanosis is also known as Granuloma inguinale.
23.
Klebsiella granulomatis has a gram (+) cocci.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Gram(-) encapsulated rod
Treatment is Tetracycline
24.
Gonorrhea, is an infection of the urogenital tract.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Neiseeria gonorrhea is an infection of the urogenital tract.
25.
Ureaplasma urealyticum
(T-mycoplasma) ****lacks a cell wall the common name is?
Correct Answer
A. Ureaplasmal urethritits
Explanation
Ureaplasma urealyticum is a type of bacteria that lacks a cell wall. This characteristic is important because it distinguishes it from other bacteria and allows it to survive in different environments. Ureaplasma urealyticum is commonly associated with infections in the urogenital tract, particularly in the urethra. Therefore, the common name for this condition is Ureaplasmal urethritits.
26.
Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-Mycoplasma) lacks cell wall
Symptoms are similar to those similar to gonorrhea and chlamydia but are more severe.
Treatment: Penicillin
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Symptoms are MILD.
Treatment: Tetracycline
27.
Ureaplasmal urethritis,
can colonize the placenta during pregnancy, miscarriage, premature birth.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
also known as Ureaplasma urealyticum
(T-mycoplasma) lacks cell wall
28.
Urethritis
Cystitis
Prostatitis
Pyelonephritits
Are all similar inflammatory symptoms of what infections?
Correct Answer
B. Urinary tract infections
Explanation
Urethritis, cystitis, prostatitis, and pyelonephritis are all similar inflammatory symptoms of urinary tract infections. These infections can occur in different parts of the urinary tract, such as the urethra, bladder, prostate, or kidneys. They are typically caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract and causing inflammation and infection. Symptoms may include pain or burning during urination, frequent urination, cloudy or bloody urine, and pelvic pain. Treatment usually involves antibiotics to eliminate the infection and relieve symptoms.
29.
Urinary tract infections are caused by viruses and the treatment is penicillin.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
UTI's are caused by bacteria and the treatment is antibiotics.
30.
Treament includes:
Ceftriaxone & tetracycline
PPNG(Penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhea)
(beta-lactamase) gene located on plasma
Correct Answer
C. Disseminated Gonococcal Infection(DGI)
Explanation
The correct answer is Disseminated Gonococcal Infection (DGI) because the question mentions PPNG (Penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhea), which is a type of Neisseria gonorrhea that produces beta-lactamase. This enzyme allows the bacteria to break down penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics, making them resistant to treatment. DGI refers to a severe form of gonorrhea where the infection spreads from the initial site to other parts of the body, causing symptoms such as joint pain, fever, and skin lesions. Treatment for DGI typically includes antibiotics such as Ceftriaxone and tetracycline.
31.
Death in women who become pregnant, Bacteria can spread to the blood stream and infect the joints, heart valves and brain.
DGI(Disseminated gonococcal infection)
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) is a severe complication of gonorrhea that can occur when the bacteria spread from the initial site of infection to other parts of the body through the bloodstream. In pregnant women, the bacteria can also spread to the blood stream and infect the joints, heart valves, and brain, potentially leading to serious complications and even death. Therefore, the statement that death can occur in women who become pregnant with DGI is true.
32.
Non-specific vaginitis & Non-gonococcal urethritis include what kind of treatment?
Correct Answer
B. Tetracycline
Explanation
Tetracycline is the correct answer for the treatment of non-specific vaginitis and non-gonococcal urethritis. Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is effective against a wide range of bacteria, including those that cause these two conditions. It works by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria, helping to alleviate the symptoms and resolve the infection. Penicillin, Doxycycline, and Erythromycin are also antibiotics, but they may not be as effective or appropriate for treating these specific conditions.
33.
Contact diseases are caused by?____________ ______________ _______________
Correct Answer
indigenous bacterial species
Explanation
Contact diseases are caused by indigenous bacterial species. This means that these diseases are transmitted through direct contact with an infected person or object. Indigenous bacterial species refer to bacteria that are naturally present in the environment or in the human body. When these bacteria come into contact with a susceptible individual, they can cause infections and diseases. Therefore, contact diseases are primarily caused by the transmission of indigenous bacterial species from one person to another.
34.
_________________in the skin protects deeper layers.
Correct Answer
microbiota
Explanation
The microbiota refers to the community of microorganisms that live on or within the skin. These microorganisms play a crucial role in maintaining the health and balance of the skin. They provide a protective barrier against harmful pathogens, help regulate the immune system, and contribute to the overall health of the skin. Therefore, the presence of microbiota in the skin helps protect the deeper layers from potential infections or imbalances.
35.
Proprionibacterium acnes is also known as?
Correct Answer
A. Acne, the most common skin disease worldwide.
Explanation
Proprionibacterium acnes is a type of bacteria that is commonly found on the skin, particularly in the sebaceous glands. It is associated with the development of acne, which is a common skin disease worldwide. The statement "Acne, the most common skin disease worldwide" accurately reflects the relationship between Proprionibacterium acnes and acne, as acne is indeed a widespread skin condition affecting people across the globe.
36.
Proprionibacterium acnes is a?
Correct Answer
B. Gram + rod
Explanation
Proprionibacterium acnes is a Gram + rod. This means that it is a type of bacteria that has a thick peptidoglycan layer in its cell wall, which retains the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining technique. The rod shape of the bacteria further confirms its classification as a Gram + rod.
37.
Types of COMEDONES?
Description for Open:
Correct Answer
B. Blackheads-modified sebum darkens at it oxidizes
Explanation
The correct answer is blackheads-modified sebum darkens as it oxidizes. Blackheads are a type of comedone where the sebum (oil) in the pore becomes trapped and oxidizes, causing it to turn dark in color. This is different from whiteheads, which are also a type of comedone but are formed when the pore is completely blocked and the sebum does not oxidize. The explanation provided in the description accurately describes the formation and appearance of blackheads.
38.
Plugged glands are also called?__________
Correct Answer
comedones
Explanation
Open-blackheads
Closed-whiteheads(pimpe)non-oxidized materials.
39.
Treatment for Acne is:
Harsh soaps, hydrogen peroxide; Retin B
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
mild soaps, benzoyl peroxide; Retin A: prevents blockage of follicles
40.
Protective Barrier:
Epidermis, Keratin, Acid mantle, Salt (sweat)
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The given answer is true because all the options listed (epidermis, keratin, acid mantle, and salt) contribute to the protective barrier of the body. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, which acts as a physical barrier against pathogens and harmful substances. Keratin is a protein found in the skin, hair, and nails, providing strength and protection. The acid mantle is a thin, slightly acidic film on the skin's surface that helps prevent bacterial growth. Salt, present in sweat, also has antimicrobial properties that help protect the body from infections. Therefore, all these components contribute to the protective barrier of the body.
41.
With regards to Microbiota in the skin;
Molecules/cells:
Defensins
Dendritic (Langerhans) cells
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Defensins and dendritic (Langerhans) cells are indeed molecules/cells associated with the microbiota in the skin. Defensins are antimicrobial peptides produced by the skin cells that help protect against harmful microorganisms. Dendritic cells, specifically Langerhans cells, are immune cells found in the skin that play a crucial role in initiating immune responses and maintaining immune tolerance. These cells help in recognizing and responding to pathogens present in the skin's microbiota. Therefore, the statement "True" is the correct answer.
42.
Cornynebacterium
Staphylococcus
Acinetobacter
are all examples of normal Microbiota in the skin.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Cornynebacterium, Staphylococcus, and Acinetobacter are all examples of normal microbiota found on the skin. Normal microbiota refers to the microorganisms that naturally inhabit the body without causing harm. These bacteria are commonly found on the skin and play a role in maintaining a healthy balance and protecting against harmful pathogens. Therefore, the statement that they are examples of normal microbiota in the skin is true.
43.
__________________infections can create abscesses and/or produce exotoxins.
Correct Answer
Staphylococcus aureus
Explanation
Staphylococcus aureus infections can create abscesses and/or produce exotoxins. Staphylococcus aureus is a type of bacteria that commonly colonizes the skin and mucous membranes. When it enters the body through a wound or other means, it can cause infections. These infections can lead to the formation of abscesses, which are localized collections of pus. Additionally, Staphylococcus aureus is known to produce exotoxins, which are toxic substances released by the bacteria. These exotoxins can cause various symptoms and contribute to the severity of the infection.
44.
Exotoxins can include what?
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
Folliculitis, Abscess, Furuncle, Impetigo
45.
_________________ is a diffuse inflammation of connective tissue with severe inflammation of dermal and subcutaneous layers of the skin.
Correct Answer
cellulitis
Explanation
Cellulitis is a diffuse inflammation of connective tissue with severe inflammation of dermal and subcutaneous layers of the skin. It is a common bacterial infection that occurs when bacteria enter the skin through a cut or break, causing redness, swelling, warmth, and pain in the affected area. Cellulitis can occur anywhere on the body, but it is most commonly found on the lower legs. Prompt treatment with antibiotics is necessary to prevent the infection from spreading and causing complications.
46.
What is a circumscribed pus-filled lesion?
Correct Answer
A. Abscesses
Explanation
An abscess is a circumscribed pus-filled lesion. It is a localized collection of pus that forms due to an infection. The pus is made up of dead tissue, white blood cells, and bacteria. Abscesses can occur in various parts of the body and can cause pain, swelling, and redness. They are usually treated by draining the pus and administering antibiotics to clear the infection.
47.
What causes infants;red; wrinkled; tender skin
Correct Answer
C. Scalded skin (Ritter's) syndrome
Explanation
Scalded skin (Ritter's) syndrome is a condition that causes red, wrinkled, and tender skin in infants. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection, specifically by a type of bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus. This infection produces toxins that damage the skin, leading to the characteristic symptoms. The condition is most commonly seen in newborns and young infants, and it requires prompt medical attention and treatment with antibiotics.
48.
Superficial, thin walled blister is known as Boil (furuncle).
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Impetigo contagiosum
Boil (furuncle) deeper adscesses around hair follicles.
49.
Treatments for Staphylococcus skin diseases include:
Correct Answer
A. Beta-lactams (penicillin and cepHalosporins)
Explanation
Beta-lactams, such as penicillin and cephalosporins, are commonly used to treat Staphylococcus skin diseases. These antibiotics work by inhibiting the growth of the bacteria, preventing further infection and promoting healing. They are effective against many strains of Staphylococcus, making them a suitable choice for treatment. TDap, dioxycycline, and tetracycline are not typically used for Staphylococcus skin diseases, so they are not the correct answer.
50.
Erythromycin is used for MRSA?
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Vancomycin is used for MRSA
also known as
methicillin-resistant Staphlylococcus aureus