Sfg 061 (Supposed To Be Oral)

The given answer, "INDIGENOUS PEOPLES," is the correct answer because it accurately describes the group of people being referred to in the description. The description mentions that these people are identified by self-ascription by others and have continuously lived as an organized community on a communally bounded and defined territory. They also claim ownership of the territory since time immemorial and share common bonds of language, customs, and more. All these characteristics align with the definition of indigenous peoples.

The correct answer is "For. Dave Nathanael Lamoste" because it includes the complete name of the instructor, which is a combination of both "Dave" and "Nathanael Lamoste". The other options either miss one of the names or have a different order, making them incorrect.

UP Los Baños is the correct answer because it is the first forestry school in the Philippines. UP Los Baños, also known as UPLB, is located in Laguna and is renowned for its programs in agriculture, forestry, and related fields. It has a long history of excellence in forestry education and research, making it the first choice for students interested in pursuing a career in forestry in the Philippines.

Community forestry refers to the management of communal land where village members collectively decide and implement projects. This involves the participation and involvement of the local community in making decisions about the use and conservation of forest resources. It is a form of sustainable forest management that aims to promote community ownership, empowerment, and sustainable development. Through community forestry, local communities can benefit from the resources and services provided by the forest while ensuring its long-term conservation.

Social forestry is the branch of forestry that focuses on involving people in forestry activities for the purpose of promoting the socioeconomic well-being of the people and the conservation of soil, water, and other forest resources. It aims to integrate the needs of the local community with sustainable forest management practices. This involves encouraging community participation, raising awareness about the importance of forests, and implementing programs that benefit both the people and the environment. Social forestry recognizes the interdependence between human welfare and forest conservation.

The Tadaw system refers to a practice in which larger trees in the kaingin area (a plot of land cleared by cutting and burning vegetation) are not completely cut down, but instead pruned. This allows for the regeneration and growth of the trees, maintaining the overall health and biodiversity of the area. By selectively pruning the trees, the Tadaw system promotes sustainable land use and minimizes the negative impact on the environment.

EO 263 is the correct answer because it is the executive order that pertains to the Adoption of the Community-Based Forest Management Scheme or the COMMUNITY BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT. The other executive orders listed (EO 236, EO 623, and EO 362) do not specifically address or relate to this topic.

The correct answer is Ifugaos. The Muyung System is a forest conservation practice that is specific to the Ifugao people of the Cordillera Region in Northern Philippines. This practice involves the creation of terraces and the cultivation of trees and other vegetation in order to protect the forests and maintain the balance of the ecosystem. The Ifugaos have been practicing this system for centuries, and it has helped them sustain their environment and preserve their cultural heritage.

The given answer, "INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS AND PRACTICES," aligns with the description provided in the question. The question mentions "systems, institutions, mechanisms, and technologies" that have evolved over time and embody patterns of relationships between people, their lands, and resource environment. This description matches the concept of indigenous knowledge systems and practices, which are unique bodies of knowledge developed by indigenous communities and encompass various spheres of relationships, such as social, political, cultural, economic, and religious. Therefore, the answer is a suitable choice based on the information given.

RA 8371 is the correct answer because it is the legislation that is commonly known as the Indigenous People's Rights Act. This law recognizes and protects the rights of indigenous peoples in the Philippines, including their rights to ancestral domain, self-governance, cultural integrity, and social justice. It aims to empower indigenous communities and ensure their participation in decision-making processes that affect their lives and land.

Florencio Tamesis is referred to as the "Father of Philippine Forestry" because of his significant contributions to the development and promotion of forestry in the Philippines. He played a crucial role in establishing the country's first forestry school, the Philippine Forestry School (now known as the University of the Philippines Los Baños College of Forestry and Natural Resources). Tamesis also introduced sustainable forest management practices and advocated for the conservation and protection of the country's forests. His dedication and pioneering efforts in the field of forestry earned him the title of the "Father of Philippine Forestry."

The given definition states that the land must have an area of more than 0.5 hectare and a tree crown cover of more than 10% to be considered as a forest. This means that the land should have a significant amount of trees covering the area, indicating a dense and substantial forest. Therefore, the correct answer is "Forest."

Cyclical agroforestry refers to a system of agriculture where there is a sequential relationship between food crops and forest fallow. This means that after the food crops are harvested, the land is left fallow and allowed to regenerate through natural processes before being used for cultivation again. This practice helps to maintain soil fertility, prevent erosion, and promote biodiversity by allowing the land to rest and recover between crop cycles. Therefore, cyclical agroforestry is the most suitable answer that aligns with the given explanation.

The given description describes a tree, which is a woody and perennial plant with a well-defined stem or stems and a more or less definite crown. Trees are typically large in size and can be found in various habitats. They are distinct from grass, shrubs, and herbs, which have different growth habits and characteristics.

Taungya Agroforestry is the correct answer because it involves the simultaneous cultivation of both wood and food crops in the early stages, followed by the cultivation of pure plantations later on. This system helps maximize land use efficiency and promotes sustainable agriculture by integrating forestry and agriculture practices.

Silvo-pastoral (silvi-pastoral) refers to a system where livestock is raised in combination with forest tree crops. This means that both the trees and the livestock are managed together in the same area, with the trees providing shade and forage for the animals. This type of system can have various benefits, such as improved soil fertility, increased biodiversity, and sustainable land use. It allows for the integration of both forestry and livestock production, creating a more diverse and resilient agricultural system.

Forestry is the correct answer because it encompasses the science, art, and practice of creating, managing, using, and conserving forests and associated resources. It involves sustainable management of forests to meet various goals, needs, and values of humans. This profession plays a vital role in ensuring the long-term health and viability of forests, as well as the benefits they provide to society, such as timber, clean water, wildlife habitat, and carbon sequestration.

Biological diversity refers to the variety of living organisms found in different ecosystems, including terrestrial, marine, and aquatic environments. It encompasses the variability of species, genes, and ecological complexes. This term is used to describe the vast range of life forms on Earth and the interactions between them. It highlights the importance of preserving and protecting the different components of biodiversity to maintain the balance and functioning of ecosystems. The answer, "Biological diversity," accurately captures the concept of the variability among living organisms from all sources and their ecological complexes.

The correct answer is "LAPAT SYSTEM". Lapat system refers to the interdiction of cutting wood or grazing in a specific area as a way to honor the dead. This practice is a form of respect and reverence for the deceased, ensuring that the area remains undisturbed and preserved in their memory.

Trees have the ability to reflect and absorb sound energy, which helps in reducing noise pollution. When sound waves hit the leaves and branches of trees, they are reflected and dispersed in different directions, reducing the intensity of the noise. Additionally, the foliage of trees acts as a barrier that absorbs sound waves, preventing them from traveling further and reducing the overall noise level. Therefore, the presence of trees in an area can effectively contribute to noise reduction.

The correct answer is KALINKIN SYSTEM. The given passage mentions a practice called "kaingin" where a forest is cleared. It states that before clearing the forest, all of them help each other to make a fire wall around the kaingin area. The term "kalinkin" is not explained further in the passage, but it is likely that it refers to the system or method used by the kaingineros to create this fire wall. Therefore, the correct answer is KALINKIN SYSTEM.

Trees act as a carbon sink because they use carbon dioxide when they are growing. During the process of photosynthesis, trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert it into carbohydrates, which are stored in their trunks, branches, and leaves. This process helps to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, thus mitigating the effects of climate change. By storing carbon, trees play a crucial role in regulating the Earth's carbon cycle and are an important tool in combating global warming.

The correct answer is Apayao. The question is asking about the practice of the Lapat System in a specific region of the Northern Philippines. Apayao is one of the provinces in the Cordillera Region, so it is the correct answer.

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Forest degradation refers to changes within the forest, whether natural or human-induced, that negatively affect the structure or function of the stand or site. These changes lower the capacity of the forest to supply products and/or services, resulting in a degraded forest. This can include activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, illegal logging, and pollution, which all contribute to the deterioration of the forest ecosystem. Forest degradation is a significant environmental concern as it leads to the loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and reduced carbon sequestration, among other negative impacts.

The given correct answer is "APA SYSTEM". The explanation for this answer is that the APA system is similar to the Imong system in terms of its uses. It can be utilized as grazing land, kaingin area (slash-and-burn agriculture), vegetable production, or even for planting fruit-bearing trees.

Improved agricultural activities can help conserve soil by implementing practices such as crop rotation, contour plowing, terracing, and using organic fertilizers. These practices help to reduce erosion, improve soil structure, increase water retention, and enhance nutrient cycling, ultimately leading to improved soil health and fertility. By adopting sustainable agricultural techniques, farmers can minimize the negative impacts of conventional farming methods and ensure the long-term conservation of soil resources.

The Lakun system refers to clearing selected parts of the forest for the purpose of planting fruit-bearing trees, similar to an orchard. This system involves the deliberate removal of trees in specific areas to make room for the cultivation of fruit trees. It is a method used to create a concentrated and organized planting of fruit trees, allowing for easier management and maintenance of the orchard-like area within the forest.

The correct answer is IMONG SYSTEM. The explanation for this answer is that the Imong system is an Indigenous system that uses various methods to mark boundaries, such as planting trees like palm trees, placing big stones, or utilizing natural boundaries like creeks, mountain ranges, mountain saddles, and rivers. This system helps to demarcate and protect the land, ensuring that it is properly managed and respected by the community.

Deforestation refers to the process of converting forested land into another land use, resulting in the long-term reduction of tree canopy cover below the minimum 10% threshold. This process involves the removal or destruction of trees, often for agricultural expansion, urbanization, logging, or mining activities. Deforestation has significant environmental consequences, including habitat loss, biodiversity decline, soil erosion, and carbon dioxide emissions. It is a major concern globally, as it contributes to climate change and threatens the sustainability of ecosystems.

Degradation refers to the decline in the productivity or ability of land to support natural ecosystems or types of agriculture. This can occur due to various reasons such as deforestation, overuse of resources, pollution, or climate change. It leads to a loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and reduced agricultural yields. Reforestation and restoration, on the other hand, aim to reverse the degradation by planting trees or restoring the natural ecosystem. Therefore, degradation is the correct answer as it encompasses the overall decline in the land's productivity and ability to support ecosystems.

Roy A. Cimatu is the current Secretary of DENR. He was appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte in May 2017. Prior to his appointment, Cimatu served as the Special Envoy of the President to the Middle East and was a former Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. As the Secretary of DENR, Cimatu is responsible for overseeing the management and conservation of the country's natural resources, including forests, land, and water. He has implemented various initiatives to address environmental issues such as illegal logging and mining, and has been actively involved in efforts to rehabilitate and protect the environment.

The correct answer is Carbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxides, Nitrogen oxides. These are all examples of air pollutants that can be harmful to human health and the environment. Carbon monoxide is a colorless and odorless gas that is produced by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Sulfur dioxides are produced mainly from the burning of fossil fuels, particularly coal, and can contribute to the formation of acid rain. Nitrogen oxides are produced from the burning of fossil fuels and are a major contributor to air pollution and smog. These pollutants can have various negative effects on air quality and can contribute to respiratory problems and other health issues.

A People Organization is a group of individuals who come together to address community concerns and needs. They may be an association, cooperative, federation, or other legal entity. The purpose of a People Organization is to undertake collective action and work towards the betterment of the community. This can include advocating for policies, providing services, and promoting the well-being of its members. The benefits from the organization's endeavors are mutually shared among its members.

Continued forest destruction and increasing population pressure are the forces/factors that brought about Social Forestry. The destruction of forests and the growing population have led to the realization of the need for sustainable land-use practices and the conservation of biodiversity. This has prompted the establishment of social forestry initiatives to address these challenges and promote the sustainable management of forests.