Trivia: Skeletal System Ultimate Test!

There are 206 bones in the body. This is the correct answer because the human body is composed of a skeletal system that consists of 206 bones. These bones provide support, protection, and help with movement.

The shaft of a long bone is called the diaphysis. This is the long, cylindrical, and main portion of the bone. It is typically hollow and contains bone marrow. The diaphysis provides support and stability to the bone and is responsible for transmitting forces from one end of the bone to the other. The metaphysis and epiphysis, on the other hand, are the regions at the ends of the long bone, where growth and articulation with other bones occur.

Bone tissue is a type of connective tissue because it is composed of cells embedded in a matrix of collagen fibers and mineral salts, such as calcium and phosphorus. Connective tissue provides support, protection, and structure to the body, and bone tissue specifically forms the skeletal system, which supports and protects organs and allows for movement. Therefore, bone tissue is classified as a type of connective tissue.

Perichondrium is the correct answer because it is a membrane of dense connective tissue that covers most cartilage. It provides support and protection to the cartilage, as well as a source of nutrients for the cartilage cells. The perichondrium also plays a role in the growth and repair of cartilage tissue.

Fibrocartilage does not have a perichondrial covering.

Articular cartilage is the correct answer because it is the type of cartilage that covers the end of the bone where it meets another bone. It serves to decrease friction at the joint surface, allowing for smooth movement and cushioning between the bones. The other options, endosteum and medullary, do not refer to the specific type of cartilage described in the question.

The plate that allows the bone to grow in length is called the epiphyseal plate. This plate is located at the ends of long bones and is responsible for the growth of the bone during childhood and adolescence. The epiphyseal plate is made up of cartilage cells that continuously divide and replace older cartilage with new bone tissue, allowing the bone to lengthen. Once a person reaches adulthood, the epiphyseal plate closes and becomes the epiphyseal line, indicating that bone growth has stopped.

Osteocytes are the mature cells in bone tissue. Osteogenic cells are the stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts. Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation and secrete the matrix. Osteoclasts, on the other hand, are responsible for bone resorption. Osteocytes are derived from osteoblasts and are surrounded by the bone matrix. They maintain the bone tissue and are involved in regulating bone remodeling and mineral homeostasis.

Hyaline cartilage forms the articular cartilage in joints. Articular cartilage is a smooth, white, connective tissue that covers the ends of bones in a joint, allowing them to move smoothly against each other. It is composed primarily of hyaline cartilage, which is characterized by its glassy appearance and ability to withstand compression and reduce friction. Fibrocartilage and elastic cartilage have different functions and are found in other parts of the body, such as intervertebral discs and the outer ear, respectively.

Spongy bone is a type of bone tissue that is characterized by an irregular lattice structure. This lattice is composed of thin columns of bone known as trabeculae. These trabeculae provide support and strength to the bone while also allowing for the passage of blood vessels and other nutrients. Therefore, the correct answer is trabeculae.

Endochondral ossification is the process by which bones are formed within cartilage. This is the most common way that bones are formed in the body. During endochondral ossification, a cartilage model is first formed, and then it is gradually replaced by bone tissue. This process occurs in long bones, such as the femur and humerus, as well as in other bones in the body. In contrast, intramembranous ossification is the process by which bones are formed directly from mesenchymal cells, without the presence of cartilage.

Sesamoid bones are tiny bones that form inside tendons exposed to a lot of tension or friction. These bones are usually found near joints, such as the kneecap or the base of the thumb. They help to reduce friction and provide a smooth surface for the tendons to glide over, enhancing the efficiency of the muscles.

Appositional growth is the process by which bone tissue grows in width. It occurs when new bone tissue is added to the outer surface of existing bone. The cells in the periosteum, a connective tissue layer surrounding the bone, are responsible for this growth. These cells differentiate into osteoblasts, which lay down new bone matrix on the outer surface of the bone. This process helps to increase the overall diameter of the bone and is important for maintaining bone strength and structure. Epiphyseal plate growth, on the other hand, is responsible for longitudinal bone growth.

The appendicular skeleton is composed of the bones of the limbs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle. It does not include the bones of the axial skeleton, such as the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage. The correct answer, 126, suggests that there are 126 bones in the appendicular skeleton.

Sutural bones are small bones found in the immovable joints between certain cranial bones. These joints are called sutures, and sutural bones help to strengthen and stabilize these joints. Unlike the other types of bones listed, sutural bones are not categorized based on their shape or size, but rather on their location and function within the skull.

The correct answer is compact because compact bone makes up most of a long bone. Compact bone is dense and hard, providing strength and support to the bone. It forms the outer layer of the bone and is composed of tightly packed osteons, which are circular units that contain concentric layers of bone tissue. Compact bone also contains small canals called Haversian canals, which house blood vessels and nerves. Overall, compact bone is responsible for the structural integrity and durability of long bones.

When a bone is fractured, the blood vessels at the fracture site are broken, leading to the formation of a fracture hematoma. This hematoma triggers an inflammatory response, during which osteoclasts and phagocytes are activated. Osteoclasts are responsible for removing dead and damaged tissue, while phagocytes help in the process of tissue cleanup by engulfing and digesting cellular debris. Therefore, the correct answer is osteoclasts and phagocytes.

The correct answer is Haversian system. The Haversian system, also known as osteon, is a structural unit of compact bone. It consists of concentric layers of bone matrix called lamellae, which surround a central canal called the Haversian canal. The Haversian canals contain blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. The lamellae are connected by small channels called canaliculi, which allow for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between osteocytes (bone cells). The Haversian system is responsible for the strength and structural integrity of compact bone.

Concentric lamellae are the correct answer because they refer to the rings of calcified matrix that surround the central canals within bone. These lamellae resemble growth rings in a tree and are responsible for providing strength and support to the bone structure. Canaliculi are tiny channels that connect lacunae, which are small spaces that house bone cells. Canals, on the other hand, are larger passageways that allow blood vessels and nerves to travel through the bone.

The different types of depressions in bones are foramen, fissure, fossa, sulcus, and meatus. A foramen is a hole or opening in a bone that allows nerves and blood vessels to pass through. A fissure is a narrow slit-like opening in a bone that allows blood vessels and nerves to pass through. A fossa is a shallow depression or hollow in a bone. A sulcus is a groove or furrow on the surface of a bone that allows a tendon, nerve, or blood vessel to pass through. A meatus is a tube-like passageway or opening in a bone.