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4.
After Fred ________ (to spend) his holiday in Italy he ________ (to want) to learn Italian.
Explanation
The sentence is in past tense and it is indicating that Fred's holiday in Italy happened before his desire to learn Italian. Therefore, the correct verb tense to use is past perfect, "had spent," to show that the holiday occurred before the desire to learn Italian. Additionally, the verb "wanted" is in simple past tense to indicate Fred's desire after the holiday.
5.
Jill ________ (to phone) Dad at work before she ________ (to leave) for her trip.
Explanation
The correct answer is "had phoned, left". The use of the past perfect tense "had phoned" indicates that Jill made a phone call to her dad before another past action occurred, which is "left" for her trip. This suggests that Jill completed the action of phoning her dad before she departed for her trip.
6.
When she ________ (to arrive) the match ________ already ________ (to start).
Explanation
The sentence is in the past perfect tense. "When she arrived" indicates that the action of arriving happened at a specific point in the past. "Had" is used to show that the action of the match starting occurred before the action of arriving. "Already" is used to emphasize that the match had already started by the time she arrived.
7.
She ________ (to watch) a video after the children ________ (to go) to bed.
Explanation
The sentence is in the past tense and the word "watched" is the correct past tense form of the verb "to watch" to match the subject "she". The phrase "had gone" is the correct past perfect tense form of the verb "to go" to match the subject "the children" and indicate that their action of going to bed happened before the action of watching the video.
8.
They ________ (to ride) their bikes before they ________ (to meet) their friends.
Explanation
The sentence is in past perfect tense, indicating that the action of riding their bikes occurred before the action of meeting their friends. Therefore, the correct answers are "had ridden" and "met".
9.
He speaks ___________ Spanish, so we were able to find a nice room in Madrid.
Correct Answer
B. A little
Explanation
The correct answer is "a little" because it indicates that the person has some knowledge or understanding of Spanish, which allowed them to find a nice room in Madrid. "A few" would imply that the person speaks a small number of languages, which is not relevant to the context of finding a room.
10.
There are only ________ bananas left in the box.
Correct Answer
A. A few
Explanation
The phrase "a few" is used to indicate a small number of something. In this context, it suggests that there are a small number of bananas left in the box.
11.
He is lucky. He has __________ problems.
Correct Answer
A. Few
Explanation
The word "few" is used to describe a small number of something, while the word "little" is used to describe a small amount of something. In this context, the sentence is referring to problems, which are typically counted as discrete entities. Therefore, "few" is the correct word to use, indicating that he has a small number of problems.
12.
There's very ________ communication between them.
Correct Answer
B. Little
Explanation
The correct answer is "little". This is because the word "little" is used to describe a small amount or quantity, and in this context, it suggests that there is a small or minimal amount of communication between the people mentioned.
13.
_________ children understood the difference.
Correct Answer
A. Few
Explanation
The word "few" is used to describe a small number of people or things. In this context, it implies that only a small number of children understood the difference. On the other hand, "little" is used to describe a small amount of something, usually referring to non-countable nouns. Since the sentence is talking about the number of children, "few" is the correct choice.
14.
There aren't _______ folders in my bag.
Correct Answer
B. Any
Explanation
The correct answer is "any" because the sentence is negative and is referring to the absence of folders in the bag. "Any" is used in negative sentences to indicate the absence or lack of something.
15.
Peter has bought _______ new books.
Correct Answer
A. Some
Explanation
Peter has bought some new books. This implies that Peter has purchased a certain number of new books, but the exact number is not specified. The word "some" is used to indicate an unspecified or indefinite quantity.
16.
Pam does not have ______ pencils on her desk.
Correct Answer
B. Any
Explanation
The word "any" is used in negative sentences to indicate the absence or lack of something. In this case, the sentence states that Pam does not have any pencils on her desk, implying that there are no pencils present.
17.
Choose the sentence in which the subject and verb agree.
Correct Answer
A. Every one of the shirts has a green collar.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Every one of the shirts has a green collar." In this sentence, the subject "every one of the shirts" is singular, so the verb "has" agrees with it in number.
18.
Choose the sentence in which the subject and verb agree.
Correct Answer
B. This singer, along with a few others, plays the harmonica on stage.
Explanation
The correct answer is "This singer, along with a few others, plays the harmonica on stage." In this sentence, the subject "This singer, along with a few others" is singular, and the verb "plays" agrees with it in number.
19.
Choose the sentence in which the subject and verb agree.
Correct Answer
A. Sandals and towels are essential gear for a trip to the beach.
Explanation
The subject "Sandals and towels" is plural, and the verb "are" agrees with it in number. Therefore, the sentence "Sandals and towels are essential gear for a trip to the beach" is the correct choice as it demonstrates subject-verb agreement.
20.
Choose the sentence in which the subject and verb agree.
Correct Answer
B. The president or the vice president is speaking today.
Explanation
The subject in the sentence is "The president or the vice president," which is a singular noun phrase. The verb "is" agrees with the singular subject, indicating that only one of them is speaking today.
21.
Choose the sentence in which the subject and verb agree.
Correct Answer
A. Either Cassie or Marie pays the employees this afternoon.
Explanation
In this sentence, the subject "Either Cassie or Marie" is singular, so the verb "pays" agrees with it correctly.
22.
Benjamin: "I often have a big hamburger."
Benjamin said (that)
Correct Answer
B. He often had a big hamburger
Explanation
The correct answer is "he often had a big hamburger." This is because Benjamin's statement is in the past tense ("I often have"), so when reporting his statement, we need to change the verb tense to match the past tense. Therefore, "had" is the correct past tense form of "have" in this context.
23.
James and David: "We have to go now."
James and David told me (that)
Correct Answer
B. They had to go then.
Explanation
The correct answer is "they had to go then" because the reported speech is in the past tense ("told me") and the verb "have" is changed to "had" to indicate that the necessity to go was in the past.
24.
Olivia: "Leroy is out riding his new waveboard today."
Olivia explained (that)
Correct Answer
B. Leroy was out riding his new waveboard today.
Explanation
The explanation for the given answer is that Olivia stated that Leroy is out riding his new waveboard today. This implies that Leroy was indeed out riding his new waveboard on that particular day.
25.
Henry: "I will be late."
Henry said (that) ______________________.
Correct Answer
he would be late
Explanation
The correct answer is "he would be late" because when we report someone's words, we usually change the tense of the verb to reflect that it was said in the past. In this case, "will" changes to "would" to indicate that Henry's statement was made in the past.
26.
Teacher: "Rachel has never been to Philadelphia."
The teacher said (that) Rachel ____________________________.
Correct Answer
had never been to Philadelphia.
Explanation
The given statement is reported speech, where the teacher is stating that Rachel has never been to Philadelphia. In reported speech, the tense of the verb is usually shifted back. Therefore, the correct answer is "had never been to Philadelphia," which is the past perfect tense indicating that Rachel had not visited Philadelphia at any point in the past.
27.
Lucy: "The train didn't arrive on time."
Lucy said to Gerry (that) the train
Correct Answer
hadn't arrived on time.
Explanation
The correct answer is "hadn't arrived on time" because it accurately reflects Lucy's statement about the train not arriving on time. The phrase "hadn't arrived" indicates that the train was late, while "on time" emphasizes that it did not meet the expected arrival time.