Social Studies Exam - Chapter 2 Terminology Practice Test
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
____________________ is the day to day temperature and precipitation found anywhere in the world
Explanation
The given answer "weather" is correct because weather refers to the daily conditions of temperature and precipitation that occur in any location around the world. It includes variables such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, cloud cover, and rainfall or snowfall. Weather can change frequently and is influenced by various factors such as air pressure systems, ocean currents, and seasonal patterns.Rate this question:
- 2.
________________ is climate located from 30 to 60 degrees latitude North or South of the equator
Explanation
The correct answer is mid latitude or mid-latitude. This refers to the climate zone that is located between 30 to 60 degrees latitude North or South of the equator. This zone is characterized by moderate temperatures and a mix of both tropical and polar air masses. The term "mid latitude" or "mid-latitude" is commonly used to describe this specific climate zone.Rate this question:
- 3.
___________________ are winds that blow in a pattern
Explanation
Prevailing winds refer to the dominant wind patterns that occur in a particular region over a long period of time. These winds are influenced by factors such as the rotation of the Earth, temperature variations, and air pressure systems. Prevailing winds play a crucial role in shaping the climate and weather conditions of an area. They can affect the distribution of rainfall, temperature, and the movement of air masses. Understanding prevailing winds is important for activities such as sailing, aviation, and predicting weather patterns.Rate this question:
- 4.
_____________ is when there is a lot of moisture in the air
Explanation
Humid refers to the condition when there is a lot of moisture present in the air. This means that the air is saturated with water vapor, making it feel damp and sticky. High humidity levels can be uncomfortable and can also affect the body's ability to cool down through sweating.Rate this question:
- 5.
__________________ is water vapour from plants.
Explanation
Transpiration is the process by which water vapor is released from the leaves of plants into the atmosphere. It occurs through small openings called stomata, which are found on the surface of leaves. During transpiration, water is absorbed by the roots of the plant and transported through the stem to the leaves. Once in the leaves, the water evaporates and is released into the air as water vapor. Therefore, transpiration is the correct answer to the given question as it accurately describes the process of water vapor being released from plants.Rate this question:
- 6.
_____________________________ is the study of the natural features of the earth.
Explanation
Physical geography is the study of the natural features of the earth, including landforms, climate, vegetation, and natural resources. It focuses on understanding the processes that shape the earth's surface and how they interact with each other. This field of study helps us comprehend the physical characteristics of different regions, such as mountains, rivers, deserts, and forests, and how they influence human activities and the environment. By examining the physical aspects of the earth, physical geography provides valuable insights into our planet's dynamic and interconnected systems.Rate this question:
- 7.
_____________________________ is a half-sphere view of the earth creater by geographers to identify a large part of the earth.
Explanation
A hemisphere is a half-sphere view of the earth created by geographers to identify a large part of the earth. It divides the earth into two equal parts, either by the equator or by a meridian. This division helps geographers study and analyze different regions of the earth based on their location in the northern or southern hemisphere. It is a useful concept in understanding global climate patterns, vegetation zones, and cultural differences between different hemispheres.Rate this question:
- 8.
_____________________________ is a particular land surface feature such as a mountain, hill, plateau, or plain.
Explanation
A landform refers to a specific physical feature on the Earth's surface, such as a mountain, hill, plateau, or plain. It is a natural formation that is distinct and identifiable, shaping the landscape and influencing various processes like erosion and deposition. Landforms are essential in understanding the geography and topography of an area, and they play a significant role in determining the characteristics and habitats of different regions.Rate this question:
- 9.
_____________________________ is an elevated piece of land.
Explanation
A hill is an elevated piece of land that rises above its surroundings. It is typically rounded or gently sloping, and is smaller in size compared to a mountain. Hills can be found in various landscapes and are formed through geological processes such as erosion or tectonic activity. They often provide scenic views and are sometimes used for recreational activities such as hiking or hill climbing.Rate this question:
- 10.
_____________________________ is water flowing by continents which either warm or cool the land ased on their temperature.
Explanation
Ocean currents are water flows that occur in the oceans and can either warm or cool the land depending on their temperature. These currents are responsible for transferring heat from one part of the world to another, influencing the climate and weather patterns of coastal regions. They can also affect marine life, as they transport nutrients and plankton, which serve as the foundation of the ocean food chain. Overall, ocean currents play a crucial role in regulating Earth's climate and maintaining the balance of ecosystems.Rate this question:
- 11.
_____________________________ is an outward explosion of the earth's molten inner core caused by tectonic forces.
Explanation
A volcano is an opening in the Earth's crust through which molten rock, ash, and gases are ejected. This eruption is caused by the movement of tectonic plates beneath the surface of the Earth. As the plates shift and collide, pressure builds up, causing the molten rock from the Earth's mantle to rise and eventually erupt through the volcano. This explosive release of molten rock and other materials is what we commonly refer to as a volcano.Rate this question:
- 12.
___________________ is very dry, little or no precipitation
Explanation
The term "arid" refers to an environment or climate that is extremely dry, with very little or no precipitation. This means that there is a lack of moisture in the air and soil, making it difficult for plants and animals to survive. Arid regions often have low humidity and high temperatures, leading to desert-like conditions.Rate this question:
- 13.
______________________ is permanently frozen ground, about 1 meter beneath the surface
Explanation
Permafrost refers to the permanently frozen ground that is typically found about 1 meter beneath the surface. It is a layer of soil, sediment, or rock that remains at or below freezing temperatures for at least two consecutive years. Permafrost is characterized by its high ice content, which gives it a solid and rigid structure. This frozen ground plays a crucial role in shaping the landscape, influencing hydrological processes, and impacting ecosystems in cold regions.Rate this question:
- 14.
___________________ is water (in any form) falling to Earth
Explanation
Precipitation refers to water in any form, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, falling from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface. It is a natural process that occurs when the air becomes saturated with water vapor and condenses into visible droplets or ice crystals. Precipitation is an essential part of the Earth's water cycle and plays a crucial role in replenishing freshwater resources, supporting plant and animal life, and shaping the climate and weather patterns.Rate this question:
- 15.
_________________ is pattern of weather in a particular place over many years
Explanation
Climate is the long-term pattern of weather conditions in a specific location over a period of many years. It takes into account various factors such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind patterns, and atmospheric pressure. Climate is different from weather, which refers to the short-term variations in atmospheric conditions. By studying climate patterns, scientists can understand and predict the typical weather conditions that can be expected in a particular region.Rate this question:
- 16.
__________________ is climate located from 0 to 30 degrees latitude North or South of the equator
Explanation
The climate located from 0 to 30 degrees latitude North or South of the equator is referred to as low latitude or low-latitude climate. This region experiences high temperatures throughout the year due to its proximity to the equator. It is characterized by a tropical climate with abundant rainfall and a relatively small variation in temperature between seasons. The low latitude climate is typically associated with lush vegetation, diverse wildlife, and the presence of tropical rainforests.Rate this question:
- 17.
______________________ is the name of the cycle of water through land, water and air
Explanation
The correct answer is "water cycle, hydrologic cycle." The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. It involves processes such as evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and transpiration. Water changes from one state to another (solid, liquid, or gas) and moves between the land, water bodies, and the atmosphere. The term "water" and "hydrologic" are also used to refer to this cycle.Rate this question:
- 18.
___________________ is the name of the cycle of water through land, water and air
Explanation
Condensation refers to the process in which water vapor in the air cools down and changes into liquid water. This liquid water then collects on surfaces such as the ground, plants, or windows. In the context of the water cycle, condensation is an essential step where water vapor in the atmosphere condenses to form clouds. These clouds eventually release the condensed water in the form of precipitation, completing the cycle as the water returns to the land, water bodies, and air.Rate this question:
- 19.
______________________ is an invisible gas created when water evaporates
Explanation
Water vapour is an invisible gas that is formed when water evaporates. When water is heated, it changes from a liquid state to a gaseous state, forming water vapour. This gas is not visible to the naked eye, but it is always present in the atmosphere. Water vapour plays a crucial role in the Earth's weather and climate systems, as it can condense to form clouds and precipitation. It is also a greenhouse gas, contributing to the Earth's natural greenhouse effect.Rate this question:
- 20.
__________________ are mountain slopes that face away from the prevailing wind
Explanation
Leeward refers to the side or slopes of a mountain that are sheltered from the prevailing wind. When wind blows against a mountain, it is forced to rise, and as it rises, it cools and condenses, resulting in precipitation on the windward side. As the wind continues over the mountain, it descends on the leeward side, causing the air to warm and dry out, creating a rain shadow effect. Therefore, the leeward slopes receive less precipitation compared to the windward slopes.Rate this question:
- 21.
________________ is when water changes into a vapor or gas
Explanation
Evaporation is the process in which water changes from a liquid state to a vapor or gas state. This occurs when the water molecules gain enough energy to break free from the liquid and enter the surrounding air as vapor. It is a natural part of the water cycle and is influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity, and air movement. Evaporation plays a crucial role in the Earth's climate system, as it helps regulate the distribution of heat and moisture in the atmosphere.Rate this question:
- 22.
___________________ is climate located from 60 to 90 degrees latitude North or South of the equator
Explanation
The correct answer is "high latitude" or "high-latitude". This refers to the area of the Earth located from 60 to 90 degrees latitude North or South of the equator. These regions are characterized by colder temperatures and distinct climate patterns due to their proximity to the poles. The term "high latitude" is commonly used to describe these areas and their unique climatic conditions.Rate this question:
- 23.
_____________________ is an area between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn
Explanation
The given correct answer is "tropics." The tropics refer to the area between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. This region is characterized by warm temperatures, high humidity, and abundant rainfall. It is known for its diverse ecosystems, including rainforests, savannas, and coral reefs. The tropics are also home to a wide variety of plant and animal species, making it a biodiverse and ecologically important region.Rate this question:
- 24.
______________________ are mountain slopes that face the prevailing winds
Explanation
Windward refers to mountain slopes that face the prevailing winds. When winds blow against a mountain range, they are forced to rise, and as they ascend, they cool and release moisture, leading to increased rainfall on the windward side. This results in lush vegetation and favorable conditions for agriculture. On the other hand, the leeward side of the mountain, which is sheltered from the prevailing winds, experiences drier conditions and is often characterized by a rain shadow effect.Rate this question:
- 25.
________________________ are a large body of air covering a large distance.
Explanation
Air masses are a large body of air covering a large distance. They are characterized by their temperature and humidity, which are determined by the region they originate from. Air masses can be classified into different types based on their source region, such as maritime or continental, and polar or tropical. These air masses can have a significant impact on weather patterns when they move into a new area, bringing with them their characteristic temperature and moisture content.Rate this question:
- 26.
________________________ is when water changes from a gas to a liquid.
Explanation
Condensation is the process in which water vapor, a gas, transforms into liquid water. This occurs when the temperature of the air decreases, causing the water vapor to lose energy and form water droplets. Condensation commonly happens when warm, moist air comes into contact with a colder surface or when the air is cooled down, such as during the formation of clouds or dew.Rate this question:
- 27.
________________________ is the height of any part of the earth above sea level.
Explanation
Altitude refers to the height of any part of the earth above sea level. It is a measurement that indicates the vertical distance from a specific point on the earth's surface to the level of the sea. Altitude is commonly used in geography, aviation, and mountaineering to determine the elevation of a location.Rate this question:
- 28.
________________________ is the layer of air that surrounds the earth.
Explanation
The layer of air that surrounds the earth is called the atmosphere. It is a mixture of gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and trace amounts of other gases. The atmosphere plays a crucial role in supporting life on earth by providing oxygen for respiration, regulating temperature, and protecting us from harmful radiation. It is divided into different layers, each with its own unique characteristics and functions. Overall, the atmosphere is essential for maintaining the conditions necessary for life to exist on our planet.Rate this question:
- 29.
________________________ is the solid mineral material that covers the earth.
Explanation
The solid mineral material that covers the earth is known as the lithosphere. The lithosphere includes the Earth's crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. It is composed of rocks, minerals, and soil, and it forms the outermost layer of the Earth. The lithosphere plays a crucial role in supporting life on Earth, as it provides a foundation for the continents, oceans, and various geological processes.Rate this question:
- 30.
________________________ is the layer of the earth that is formed by all the water on earth.
Explanation
The hydrosphere is the layer of the earth that is formed by all the water on earth. This includes water in the oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, groundwater, and even water vapor in the atmosphere. The hydrosphere plays a crucial role in regulating the earth's climate, as well as supporting various ecosystems and providing habitats for countless species. It is an essential component of the earth's overall system and is interconnected with other spheres, such as the atmosphere and the lithosphere.Rate this question:
- 31.
________________________ is the layer of living things around the surface of the earth.
Explanation
The biosphere refers to the layer of living things that exist around the surface of the earth. It includes all ecosystems and organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, that interact with each other and their environment. The biosphere is crucial for sustaining life on earth as it provides essential resources and supports various ecological processes.Rate this question:
- 32.
________________________ is the study of living organisms and their interaction with the environment.
Explanation
Ecology is the study of living organisms and their interaction with the environment. It focuses on understanding the relationships between organisms and their surroundings, including the physical, chemical, and biological factors that influence these interactions. This field of study helps us gain insights into how organisms adapt to their environment, how they interact with other species, and how they contribute to the overall functioning of ecosystems. By studying ecology, scientists can better understand the complex web of life on Earth and develop strategies for conserving and managing our natural resources.Rate this question:
- 33.
________________________ is the environment of a community of plants and animals.
Explanation
An ecosystem refers to the natural environment where a community of plants and animals coexist and interact with each other. It includes both living organisms and their physical surroundings, such as the air, water, soil, and climate. The ecosystem provides the necessary resources and conditions for the survival and growth of different species, and it also involves complex relationships and interactions between these species.Rate this question:
- 34.
________________________ is the shaking of the earth's crust by tectonic or volcanic action.
Explanation
An earthquake is the shaking of the earth's crust caused by tectonic or volcanic activity. It occurs when there is a release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere, resulting in seismic waves that cause the ground to shake. Earthquakes can vary in magnitude and can cause significant damage to buildings, infrastructure, and the natural environment. They are a natural phenomenon that is commonly associated with regions along tectonic plate boundaries, such as the Pacific Ring of Fire.Rate this question:
- 35.
________________________ is an area of land that drains precipitation into streams, rivers, and lakes.
Explanation
A drainage basin refers to an area of land that collects and channels precipitation such as rain and snowmelt into streams, rivers, and lakes. It is a natural topographic feature that acts as a funnel, directing water flow towards a central point, usually a larger body of water. The boundaries of a drainage basin are defined by the surrounding topography, such as hills or mountains, which determine the direction in which water will flow. This process is crucial for the overall water cycle and plays a significant role in the distribution and availability of freshwater resources.Rate this question:
- 36.
________________________ is formed by the combination of climate, soil, vegetation, and physical characteristics.
Explanation
The environment is formed by the combination of climate, soil, vegetation, and physical characteristics. These factors work together to create the conditions in which organisms live and interact with their surroundings. Climate determines the long-term weather patterns, while soil provides the necessary nutrients and support for plant growth. Vegetation, in turn, influences the climate and soil through its ability to absorb and release water and nutrients. The physical characteristics of an area, such as its topography and landforms, also play a role in shaping the environment. Overall, the environment is a complex system that is shaped by these interconnected factors.Rate this question:
- 37.
________________________ is a rising air mass that is light and warm
Explanation
Global low pressure zones are areas where the air pressure is lower compared to the surrounding regions. In these zones, air tends to rise due to the upward movement of warm air. As the air rises, it expands and cools, leading to the formation of clouds and precipitation. The rising air mass in global low pressure zones is light and warm because it originates from the equator, where the sunlight is more intense, resulting in warmer temperatures. This warm air mass then moves towards higher latitudes, causing weather patterns such as storms and cyclones.Rate this question:
- 38.
________________________ is a cold heavy mass of air that is falling
- 39.
________________________ are mountains that block prevailing winds.
Explanation
Mountain barriers are mountains that act as obstacles and block the path of prevailing winds. Prevailing winds are the dominant winds that blow in a particular direction over a specific region. When these winds encounter mountain barriers, they are forced to rise and are deflected or redirected, causing changes in wind patterns and weather conditions. Mountain barriers can create rain shadows on the leeward side, where the air is forced to descend and becomes drier, while the windward side experiences increased precipitation. These mountain barriers play a significant role in shaping the climate and weather patterns of a region.Rate this question:
- 40.
________________________ a region with naturally forested areas with fertile soil and four seasons. Usually agricultural or urban plus high population density.
Explanation
Temperate forests are characterized by naturally forested areas with fertile soil and four seasons. These forests are typically found in regions with a combination of agricultural or urban areas and high population density. The temperate climate and fertile soil make these forests suitable for a variety of plant and animal species to thrive. The four distinct seasons also contribute to the rich biodiversity and ecological balance of these forests.Rate this question:
- 41.
________________________ a region with hot dry summers and warm moist winters usually argricultural with medium population.
Explanation
The given description of a region with hot dry summers and warm moist winters usually agricultural with a medium population matches the characteristics of Mediterranean forests. These forests are typically found in regions with a Mediterranean climate, where the summers are hot and dry, and the winters are mild and moist. The agricultural activities in these regions are supported by the climate, which is suitable for growing a variety of crops. The medium population indicates that the region is not heavily populated, which aligns with the characteristics of Mediterranean forests that are often found in rural areas.Rate this question:
- 42.
________________________ a region of flat gently rolling lang with soil for growing grain found in the interior of a continent experiencing four seasons plus medium population density.
Explanation
The given correct answer, "temperate grasslands," accurately describes the region described in the question. The region is characterized by flat or gently rolling land, suitable for growing grain, and is located in the interior of a continent. It experiences four seasons and has a medium population density. This description aligns with the characteristics of temperate grasslands, which are known for their fertile soil, moderate climate, and grassy vegetation.Rate this question:
- 43.
________________________ a region with many species of plants and animals that is very warm and receives a lot of rainfall plus low population density.
Explanation
A tropical forest, also known as a tropical rainforest, is a region that is characterized by a high diversity of plant and animal species. It is typically warm and receives a significant amount of rainfall. Additionally, these regions tend to have a low population density, meaning that there are fewer human inhabitants compared to other areas.Rate this question:
- 44.
________________________ a region in the northern hemisphere with long cold winters and short warm summers plus low precipitation.
Explanation
The correct answer is taiga/boreal forest. The taiga/boreal forest is a region in the northern hemisphere characterized by long cold winters and short warm summers, as well as low precipitation. This type of forest is found mainly in Canada, Alaska, Scandinavia, and Russia. The taiga/boreal forest is dominated by coniferous trees such as spruce, pine, and fir, which are adapted to the harsh climate. The low temperatures and short growing season limit the diversity of plant and animal species in this region.Rate this question:
- 45.
________________________ a region that has long cold winters, permafrost, plus low population density.
Explanation
The given description of a region with long cold winters, permafrost, and low population density matches the characteristics of the tundra biome. The tundra is known for its extremely cold temperatures, frozen soil (permafrost), and a lack of human inhabitation due to the harsh conditions. Therefore, tundra is the correct answer.Rate this question:
- 46.
________________________ a region with cold, dry climate with glaciers considered unsuitable for human settlement.
Explanation
The term "polar" refers to a region with a cold, dry climate and glaciers, which are generally considered unsuitable for human settlement. These areas are characterized by extremely low temperatures, limited vegetation, and harsh environmental conditions. The cold climate and presence of glaciers make it difficult for humans to survive and thrive in these regions. Therefore, polar regions are generally not suitable for human settlement.Rate this question:
- 47.
________________________ a region with dry and wet seasons with tropical grasslands plus low population density.
Explanation
The given description of a region with dry and wet seasons, tropical grasslands, and low population density perfectly matches the characteristics of a savannah. Savannahs are known for their distinct climate patterns, with alternating dry and wet seasons, and are typically characterized by vast grasslands and a relatively sparse population. Therefore, the correct answer is savannah.Rate this question:
- 48.
________________________ a region that is naturally forested with a wet and dry season that has been changed by rice cultivation plus high population density.
Explanation
The given correct answer is "monsoon region" or "monsoon." This region is naturally forested and experiences both wet and dry seasons. However, due to rice cultivation and high population density, the region has been altered. The monsoon climate in this area is characterized by heavy rainfall during the wet season and drier conditions during the dry season.Rate this question:
- 49.
________________________ a region with little precipitation that may be either hot or cold plus low population density.
Explanation
A desert is a region with little precipitation and can be either hot or cold. It is characterized by low population density.Rate this question:
- 50.
________________________ is the number and variety of organisms in a region
Explanation
Biodiversity refers to the number and variety of organisms in a specific region. It encompasses the different species, genetic diversity within each species, and the various ecosystems they inhabit. Biodiversity is important as it contributes to the stability and resilience of ecosystems, provides essential ecosystem services, and supports the overall health and functioning of the planet.Rate this question:
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