1.
This pin-curl, placed correctly, allows the greatest movement/ mobility
Correct Answer
B. Half stem
Explanation
The half stem pin-curl allows for the greatest movement and mobility because it is positioned halfway between the base and the ends of the hair strand. This placement allows the hair to have some support and structure from the base, while still allowing the ends to move freely. This type of pin-curl is ideal for creating volume and soft waves in the hair.
2.
The process of removing hair at the surface of the skin
Correct Answer
C. Depilation
Explanation
Depilation refers to the process of removing hair at the surface of the skin. It involves removing hair from the skin's surface without affecting the hair follicle. Waxing, epilation, and electrolysis all involve removing hair from the root or affecting the hair follicle in some way, whereas depilation specifically refers to surface hair removal.
3.
Waxing is an example of which of which type hair removal
Correct Answer
C. Epilation
Explanation
Epilation refers to the removal of hair from the root, which includes methods like waxing, tweezing, and sugaring. In contrast, depilation involves removing hair from the surface of the skin, such as shaving or using depilatory creams. Photo-epilation is a specific type of hair removal that uses intense pulsed light (IPL) or laser technology. Electrolysis is another method of hair removal that uses an electric current to destroy hair follicles. Therefore, since waxing involves removing hair from the root, it is an example of epilation.
4.
Tweezing is an example of which type of hair removal
Correct Answer
B. Epilation
Explanation
Epilation is the removal of hair from the root, which includes methods like tweezing, waxing, and sugaring. These techniques remove hair from beneath the skin's surface, ensuring a longer-lasting result compared to depilation, which only removes hair from the surface. Photo-epilation, on the other hand, uses intense pulsed light (IPL) to target and destroy hair follicles, while electrolysis involves the use of an electric current to permanently remove hair. Therefore, tweezing falls under the category of epilation as it removes hair from the root.
5.
Reduction occurs during which stage of the permanent wave or chemical relaxer process
Correct Answer
A. Processing
Explanation
During the processing stage of the permanent wave or chemical relaxer process, reduction occurs. This is the stage where the chemical product is applied to the hair, and it works to break down the disulfide bonds in the hair shaft. This allows the hair to be reshaped or relaxed, depending on the desired outcome. The reduction process alters the structure of the hair, making it more malleable and able to hold the desired shape or texture.
6.
Oxidation occurs during which stage of the permanent wave or chemical relaxer process
Correct Answer
B. Neutralizing
Explanation
During the permanent wave or chemical relaxer process, oxidation occurs when the hair is exposed to the chemicals. This oxidation step helps break down the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped or straightened. The neutralizing stage then follows, which stops the oxidation process by applying a neutralizing solution. This solution helps restore the hair's pH balance and re-form the disulfide bonds in their new shape, ensuring the desired texture or style is set. Therefore, the correct answer is neutralizing.
7.
The primary reducing agent in most alkaline permanent wave is
Correct Answer
C. Ammonium thioglycolate
Explanation
The primary reducing agent in most alkaline permanent wave is ammonium thioglycolate. This compound is responsible for breaking the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped and set into a new style. Glycerol monothioglycolate, guanidine, and sodium hypochloride are not commonly used as reducing agents in alkaline permanent waves.
8.
The primary reducing agent in most acid permanent wave is
Correct Answer
A. Glycerol monothioglycolate
Explanation
Glycerol monothioglycolate is the primary reducing agent in most acid permanent wave solutions. It helps break the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped. Guanidine, ammonium thioglycolate, and sodium hypochlorite are not commonly used as reducing agents in acid permanent wave solutions.
9.
_________is the primary reducing agent in most alkaline perms
Correct Answer
C. Ammonium thioglycolate/ ATG
Explanation
Ammonium thioglycolate, also known as ATG, is the primary reducing agent in most alkaline perms. It helps to break the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped into the desired curl pattern. This chemical reaction is what gives perms their lasting effect. Glycerol monothioglycolate and guanidine are also reducing agents used in some perms, but ammonium thioglycolate is the most commonly used and effective one. Sodium hydroxide, on the other hand, is used in relaxers to straighten the hair, not in perms.
10.
The primary reducing agent in most relaxer
Correct Answer
D. Sodium hydroxide
Explanation
Sodium hydroxide is the primary reducing agent in most relaxers. It is a strong alkaline compound that breaks down the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped and straightened. Glycerol monothioglycolate and ammonium thioglycolate are commonly used in permanent wave solutions, not relaxers. Guanidine is used in no-lye relaxers, but it is not the primary reducing agent. Therefore, sodium hydroxide is the correct answer.
11.
The approximate ph of most alkaline permanent wave is
Correct Answer
B. 8.2 - 9.6
Explanation
The approximate pH of most alkaline permanent wave solutions is between 8.2 and 9.6. This pH range is necessary for the chemical process of permanent waving to occur effectively. Alkaline solutions help to break down the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped into a new curl pattern. The pH range mentioned ensures that the solution is strong enough to break the bonds but not too strong to cause excessive damage to the hair.
12.
The approximate ph of most alkaline permanent wave neutralizers is
Correct Answer
D. 4
13.
The most common neutralizer for an alkaline permanent wave is
Correct Answer
A. H2O2
Explanation
The correct answer is H2O2. In alkaline permanent wave processes, the hair is treated with a reducing agent to break the disulfide bonds in the hair. This process creates a new shape in the hair. After this, a neutralizer is applied to re-establish the disulfide bonds and set the new shape. H2O2, also known as hydrogen peroxide, is commonly used as a neutralizer in alkaline permanent wave processes. It helps to oxidize and neutralize any remaining reducing agent, ensuring the hair retains the desired shape and texture.
14.
The presence of this substance will leave the hair unfit for additional chemical service such as chemical relaxer, permanent wave or permanent hair- color
Correct Answer
D. Both A and B
Explanation
Both metallic salts/dyes and henna can leave the hair unfit for additional chemical services. Metallic salts/dyes can react with other chemicals, causing unwanted color changes or damage to the hair. Henna is a natural plant-based dye that can also interfere with the results of chemical services. Therefore, both A (metallic salts/dyes) and B (henna) can leave the hair unfit for additional chemical services.
15.
An "endothermic" permanent wave is one that
Correct Answer
A. Requires hear from an outside source
Explanation
An "endothermic" permanent wave is one that requires heat from an outside source. This means that in order for the permanent wave to occur, heat needs to be applied externally. This is different from an "exothermic" permanent wave, which generates its own heat during the process. Therefore, the correct answer is that an "endothermic" permanent wave requires heat from an outside source.
16.
An "exothermic" permanent wave is one that
Correct Answer
C. Generates its own heart
Explanation
An "exothermic" permanent wave is one that generates its own heat. This means that the chemical reaction occurring during the permanent wave process produces heat as a byproduct, which helps to activate and set the curls in the hair. This is in contrast to an "endothermic" permanent wave, which requires heat from an outside source to provide the necessary temperature for the chemical reaction to occur.
17.
These are the weakest bonds in the hair, they can be broken
Correct Answer
C. Hydrogen bonds
Explanation
Hydrogen bonds are the weakest bonds in the hair. These bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one hair strand and the oxygen or nitrogen atoms of another hair strand. They are easily broken by water or heat, which is why hair can be easily manipulated and styled. Disulfide bonds, on the other hand, are strong bonds that contribute to the hair's structure and are not easily broken. Sulfide bonds and bearer bonds are not relevant to the structure of hair.
18.
These are the strongest bonds in the hair, they can only be broken by chemical by or rolling water
Correct Answer
A. Disulfide bonds
Explanation
Disulfide bonds are the strongest bonds in the hair and can only be broken by chemical or rolling water. These bonds are formed between two sulfur atoms in the hair protein structure, creating a strong link. Hydrogen bonds, on the other hand, are weaker and can be broken by water or heat. Sulfide bonds and bearer bonds are not relevant to the structure or strength of hair bonds.
19.
The sebaceous glands produce
Correct Answer
D. Sebum and oil
Explanation
The sebaceous glands produce sebum and oil. Sebum is an oily substance that helps to lubricate the skin and hair, keeping them moisturized. It also helps to protect the skin from drying out and acts as a barrier against bacteria and other harmful substances. Oil, on the other hand, is a general term used to describe any lipid-based substance that is produced by the sebaceous glands. Both sebum and oil play important roles in maintaining the health and integrity of the skin.
20.
Sudoriferous glands produce________ and one of their function is _______
Correct Answer
D. B and C
Explanation
The sudoriferous glands produce sweat and perspiration, which both help in heat regulation. Sweat helps to cool down the body by evaporating from the skin, while perspiration also aids in regulating body temperature. Additionally, sweat acts as a lubricant for the skin, preventing friction and chafing. Therefore, both options B and C are correct.
21.
Small thin bone, located at the front, inner walls, of the orbits
Correct Answer
C. Lacrimal bones
Explanation
The lacrimal bones are small thin bones located at the front, inner walls of the orbits. They are responsible for forming a part of the eye socket and housing the tear ducts. The malar bones, also known as the cheekbones, are not located at the front, inner walls of the orbits. The zygomatic bones, also known as the cheekbones, are not located at the front, inner walls of the orbits. The hyoid bones are located in the neck and are not associated with the orbits.
22.
these bone form the prominence of the cheeks
Correct Answer
D. Zygomatic, malar
Explanation
The zygomatic and malar bones form the prominence of the cheeks. The zygomatic bone, also known as the cheekbone, is a paired bone that contributes to the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, as well as the prominence of the cheek. The malar bone, also known as the cheekbone or zygomatic bone, is a paired bone that forms the prominence of the cheeks and contributes to the lateral wall and floor of the orbit. Together, these bones give the face its characteristic shape and structure.
23.
A stable mixture of two or more substances, mixed together, that will not separate upon standing
Correct Answer
A. Solution
Explanation
A solution is a stable mixture of two or more substances that are mixed together and will not separate upon standing. In a solution, the solute particles are evenly distributed throughout the solvent, resulting in a homogeneous mixture. This is different from a suspension, where the particles are larger and will eventually settle out, or an emulsion, where two immiscible liquids are mixed together but can separate over time. A colloid is a type of mixture where the particles are larger than those in a solution but smaller than those in a suspension, and they do not settle out upon standing.
24.
An unstable mixture of two or more substances, mixed together, that will separate upon standing
Correct Answer
B. Suspension
Explanation
A suspension is an unstable mixture of two or more substances that will separate upon standing. In a suspension, the particles of one substance are dispersed in another substance, but they are not completely dissolved. Instead, they remain suspended in the mixture and can be seen with the naked eye. Over time, the particles will settle at the bottom due to gravity, causing the mixture to separate. This is different from a solution, where the solute is completely dissolved in the solvent, and from an emulsion, where two immiscible liquids are mixed together. A colloid, on the other hand, is a stable mixture where the particles are evenly dispersed and do not settle.
25.
An unstable mixture of two or more substances, mixed together, that will separate upon standing, unless held together by the additional of another chemical
Correct Answer
B. Emulsion
Explanation
An emulsion is an unstable mixture of two or more substances that are mixed together but will separate upon standing, unless held together by the addition of another chemical. Unlike a solution, where the substances are completely dissolved and evenly distributed, or a suspension, where the substances are not completely dissolved and will eventually settle, an emulsion contains droplets of one substance dispersed throughout another substance. The addition of an emulsifying agent helps to stabilize the mixture and prevent separation.
26.
An unstable mixture of two or more substances, mix together, that will separate upon standing, unless held together by the additional of another chemical, and it contains particles large enough to be seen whit the naked eye
Correct Answer
D. Coloid
Explanation
A colloid is a mixture of two or more substances that do not fully dissolve or separate upon standing. It contains particles that are larger than those found in a solution, but smaller than those found in a suspension. These particles are not visible to the naked eye, which differentiates a colloid from a suspension. Additionally, a colloid can be stabilized by the addition of another chemical, preventing the particles from separating. Therefore, the given description matches the characteristics of a colloid.
27.
Which is the longest stage of hair growth
Correct Answer
D. Anagen
Explanation
The correct answer is anagen. Anagen is the longest stage of hair growth. During this stage, the hair follicle is actively producing new cells and the hair is growing. This stage can last for several years, depending on factors such as genetics and overall health.
28.
Which is known as the "resting stage" of hair growth
Correct Answer
C. Telagen
Explanation
Telogen is known as the "resting stage" of hair growth. During this phase, the hair follicle is in a dormant state and does not produce new hair. This stage lasts for about 2-3 months before the hair follicle enters the next phase of growth called anagen. During anagen, new hair starts to grow from the follicle. Halogen, catagen, and anagen are not associated with the resting stage of hair growth.
29.
Which is known as the " transitional stage " of hair growth
Correct Answer
B. Catagen
Explanation
The transitional stage of hair growth is known as catagen. During this stage, the hair follicle detaches from the blood supply and stops producing new cells. The hair shaft is pushed up towards the surface of the skin, but it is not actively growing. This stage typically lasts for a few weeks before the hair enters the resting stage (telogen) and eventually falls out.
30.
The growth stage of hair lasts between
Correct Answer
A. 1& 7 years
Explanation
During the growth stage of hair, also known as the anagen phase, the hair follicles actively produce new hair. This phase can last anywhere between 1 to 7 years. After this phase, the hair enters a resting phase called the telogen phase, where it stops growing and eventually falls out. The length of the growth stage can vary depending on factors such as genetics, age, and overall health.
31.
A healthy nail cuticle will typically be
Correct Answer
A. Loose & pliable
Explanation
A healthy nail cuticle will typically be loose and pliable because the cuticle is the layer of skin that protects the nail matrix and the nail bed from infection. If the cuticle is loose, it means that it is not tightly adhered to the nail plate, allowing it to move and flex along with the nail. This flexibility is important for the overall health of the nail as it allows for proper growth and prevents the cuticle from tearing or becoming damaged. Additionally, a pliable cuticle indicates that it is well-hydrated and moisturized, which is essential for maintaining healthy nails.
32.
Which bonds are broken and then reformed int a new shape in the processing action of both permanent waving and chemical relaxer services
Correct Answer
B. Disulfide bonds
Explanation
Disulfide bonds are broken and then reformed in the processing action of both permanent waving and chemical relaxer services. Disulfide bonds are strong chemical bonds that hold together the protein structure of the hair. In permanent waving, these bonds are broken using a reducing agent, allowing the hair to be reshaped into a new curl pattern. In chemical relaxer services, the disulfide bonds are broken using a relaxing agent, allowing the hair to be straightened. After the desired shape is achieved, the disulfide bonds are reformed using an oxidizing agent, locking in the new shape.
33.
Type of design line used to create length and height in a hair cut
Correct Answer
D. Vertical lines
Explanation
Vertical lines are used to create length and height in a hair cut. When the hair is cut using vertical lines, it helps to add length to the hair and create a sense of height. This is because the vertical lines visually elongate the hair and make it appear longer and taller. Horizontal lines, on the other hand, create a sense of width and diagonal lines add movement and texture. Curved lines are used to create softness and fluidity in a hair cut.
34.
Type of design line used to make a hairstyle appear longer & narrower
Correct Answer
D. Vertical lines
Explanation
Vertical lines are used to make a hairstyle appear longer and narrower. When hair is styled using vertical lines, it creates an illusion of length and slimness. This is because vertical lines draw the eyes upward and downward, creating a sense of elongation. By using vertical lines in the design of a hairstyle, the overall shape and silhouette can be manipulated to make it appear longer and narrower.
35.
Type of design lines that are parallel to the floor, used to create the appearance of width or bulk in the finished design
Correct Answer
B. Horizontal line
Explanation
Horizontal lines are design lines that are parallel to the floor and are used to create the appearance of width or bulk in the finished design. This is because horizontal lines visually expand the space and create a sense of stability and calmness. They are often used in interior design to make a room appear wider or to emphasize the width of furniture or architectural elements. In fashion design, horizontal lines can be used to create the illusion of broader shoulders or a wider waist.
36.
The most common ph range of an ammonium thioglycolate perm is
Correct Answer
B. 8.2-9.6
Explanation
The correct answer is 8.2-9.6. This pH range is the most common for an ammonium thioglycolate perm because it provides the optimal conditions for the chemical reaction to occur. Ammonium thioglycolate is a reducing agent that breaks the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped. This reaction is most effective in a slightly alkaline environment, which is why the pH range of 8.2-9.6 is recommended. A pH below or above this range may result in an incomplete or uneven perm.
37.
Term for rolling the hair from scalp to the ends perms, curling irons
Correct Answer
C. Spiral
Explanation
The term "spiral" is the correct answer because it refers to the technique of rolling the hair from the scalp to the ends in a spiral shape. This technique creates tight, bouncy curls that are uniform in size and shape. The other options, croquignole, piggyback, and tiered, do not accurately describe the rolling technique used for creating spiral curls.
38.
Type of design lines the are straight up and down
Correct Answer
D. Vertical lines
Explanation
Vertical lines are the type of design lines that are straight up and down. Unlike diagonal, curved, or horizontal lines, vertical lines run perpendicular to the ground and create a sense of stability and strength. They can be used to create a sense of height, emphasize vertical elements in a composition, or convey a feeling of formality and elegance.
39.
Term for rolling the hair from ends to the scalp ( perms, curling irons)
Correct Answer
A. Croquignole
Explanation
The term "croquignole" refers to the technique of rolling the hair from the ends to the scalp. This technique is commonly used in the process of perming or using curling irons to create curls or waves in the hair. The other options, piggyback, spiral, and tiered, do not specifically describe this rolling technique.
40.
Type of perm wrap / curling iron set producing a curl looser at scalp and tighter at the ends
Correct Answer
A. Croquignole
Explanation
The croquignole perm wrap or curling iron set is known for producing a curl that is looser at the scalp and tighter at the ends. This technique involves wrapping the hair around the curling iron in a spiral fashion, starting from the ends and moving towards the scalp. As a result, the curl is tighter at the ends where the hair was wrapped first, and looser at the scalp where the hair was wrapped last. This creates a natural-looking curl with more volume and movement.
41.
Which is not a type of side bond in the hair
Correct Answer
A. Anagen bonds / a bonds
42.
Type of perm wrap/curling iron set producing a uniform curl from scalp to ends
Correct Answer
C. Spiral
Explanation
The correct answer is spiral. A spiral perm wrap/curling iron set is designed to create a uniform curl from the scalp to the ends of the hair. This type of perm wrap/curling iron set creates spiral-shaped curls that are consistent throughout the hair.
43.
Type of perm rod tool producing a uniform curl throughout the hair
Correct Answer
B. Straight
Explanation
A straight perm rod tool produces a uniform curl throughout the hair because it has a consistent diameter from top to bottom. This allows the hair to wrap around the rod evenly, resulting in a consistent curl pattern. In contrast, convex, concave, and spiral perm rods have varying diameters, which can create different curl patterns and variations in the final result.
44.
Type of perm rod tool producing a smaller/ tighter curl in the center
Correct Answer
C. Concave
Explanation
A concave perm rod tool is designed in a way that it produces a smaller/tighter curl in the center. The concave shape of the tool allows the hair to wrap around it more tightly, resulting in a more defined and compact curl in the center.
45.
Most popular/ common type of permanent wave tool used
Correct Answer
C. Concave
Explanation
The most popular/common type of permanent wave tool used is concave. This is because concave tools are designed to create curls and waves in the hair, making them ideal for achieving the desired results in a permanent wave. The curved shape of the concave tool allows for better control and manipulation of the hair, resulting in more defined and long-lasting waves.
46.
To determine whether a wing is synthetic or human hair, perform a/an
Correct Answer
B. Match test
Explanation
A match test can be used to determine whether a wing is synthetic or human hair. This test involves burning a small strand of the wing and observing the flame and odor. Synthetic hair typically melts and produces a chemical smell, while human hair burns and smells like burnt hair. Therefore, by performing a match test, one can identify the material of the wing based on its burning characteristics.
47.
Type of wig best suited for a client whit very thin/ no hair
Correct Answer
A. Cap wig
Explanation
A cap wig is the best type of wig suited for a client with very thin or no hair. A cap wig provides full coverage as it has a cap that covers the entire head, ensuring that the client's natural hair is completely concealed. This type of wig is ideal for individuals with minimal hair as it provides a secure and comfortable fit while also providing a natural appearance.
48.
Type of test used to determine hair's suitability to receive a permanent
Correct Answer
D. Elasticity test/ pull test
Explanation
The elasticity test, also known as the pull test, is used to determine the hair's suitability to receive a permanent treatment. This test involves gently pulling a strand of hair to see how much it stretches and returns to its original length. Hair with good elasticity is more likely to withstand the chemical process of a permanent treatment without breaking or becoming damaged. Therefore, the elasticity test is an important step in determining if the hair is strong and healthy enough to undergo a permanent treatment.
49.
The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is referred to as its
Correct Answer
D. Porosity
Explanation
Porosity refers to the ability of hair to absorb moisture. It is a measure of how easily hair can absorb and retain moisture. Hair with high porosity has a cuticle layer that is raised, allowing moisture to be easily absorbed. On the other hand, hair with low porosity has a tightly closed cuticle layer, making it more difficult for moisture to penetrate. Therefore, porosity is the correct answer to the question.
50.
The ability of the hair to stretch and spring back without breaking
Correct Answer
B. Elasticity
Explanation
Elasticity refers to the ability of hair to stretch and then return to its original shape without breaking. It is a measure of the hair's flexibility and resilience. Strength, on the other hand, refers to the hair's ability to withstand external forces without breaking. ATG and porosity are unrelated to the ability of hair to stretch and spring back.