1.
Under-processing is caused by:
Correct Answer
A. Insufficient processing time
Explanation
Under-processing occurs when the hair is not left in the waving lotion for a sufficient amount of time. This can happen if the processing time is too short, resulting in weak or ineffective curls. Insufficient processing time can be caused by rushing through the process or not following the recommended instructions. It is important to allow enough time for the waving lotion to properly penetrate and reshape the hair.
2.
Which of the following guidelines is true if your client has a round facial shape?
Correct Answer
A. Add height at the crown
Explanation
If a client has a round facial shape, adding height at the crown can create the illusion of a longer face and balance out the roundness. This technique helps to elongate the face and make it appear more oval-shaped. By adding height at the crown, it draws the eye upwards and creates a vertical line, which helps to counteract the roundness of the face.
3.
A client as a level 7 red-orange brassy looking hair. What is the best choice for neutralizing this color?
Correct Answer
C. Level 6 blue-green
Explanation
The best choice for neutralizing a level 7 red-orange brassy hair color would be a level 6 blue-green. Blue-green is opposite on the color wheel to red-orange, so it can effectively counteract the unwanted warm tones in the hair. Choosing a level 6 ensures that the color is not too dark or too light, providing a balanced result.
4.
Do NOT give a permanent wave if what exists?
Correct Answer
C. Scalp abrasions
Explanation
Giving a permanent wave involves the use of chemicals and heat, which can further irritate and damage the scalp if there are existing abrasions. Therefore, it is not recommended to give a permanent wave if there are scalp abrasions present.
5.
The chemical often required in addition to the chemical relaxer is
Correct Answer
D. Stabilizer
Explanation
Stabilizer = neutralizer
6.
Which of the following is considered a cool color?
Correct Answer
A. Blue
Explanation
Blue is considered a cool color because it is often associated with calmness, tranquility, and a sense of relaxation. It is commonly used to create a soothing and peaceful atmosphere. Additionally, blue is often associated with water and the sky, further enhancing its cool and calming qualities.
7.
You should apply waving lotion to the
Correct Answer
B. Top and bottom of each rod
Explanation
The correct answer is to apply waving lotion to the top and bottom of each rod. This ensures that the entire rod is coated with the lotion, allowing for an even and consistent wave pattern. Applying the lotion only to the top of each rod may result in an uneven wave, as the bottom portion of the hair may not receive enough product.
8.
Which statement about hair lightening is CORRECT?
Correct Answer
A. Very dark hair may be damaged by extreme lightening
Explanation
Very dark hair may be damaged by extreme lightening because the process of lightening involves stripping the hair of its natural pigment. The darker the hair, the more pigment it contains, making it more difficult to lighten without causing damage. Extreme lightening can lead to hair becoming dry, brittle, and prone to breakage. Therefore, it is important to be cautious when lightening very dark hair to minimize the risk of damage.
9.
Which bonds are individually very weak?
Correct Answer
D. Both A and B
Explanation
Both hydrogen bonds and salt bonds are individually very weak. Hydrogen bonds occur when a hydrogen atom is attracted to an electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. These bonds are relatively weak compared to covalent or ionic bonds. Salt bonds, also known as ionic bonds, occur when oppositely charged ions attract each other. While ionic bonds are stronger than hydrogen bonds, they are still relatively weak compared to covalent bonds. Therefore, both A (hydrogen) and B (salt) bonds are individually very weak.
10.
The relaxer cream is applied near the scalp last because processing is accelerated in this area by
Correct Answer
C. Body heat
Explanation
The relaxer cream is applied near the scalp last because body heat accelerates the processing of the cream in this area. The scalp naturally produces heat, which helps to activate the chemicals in the relaxer cream and achieve the desired results. Applying the cream near the scalp last allows it to have more time to process and straighten the hair effectively. Additionally, the proximity of the scalp to the roots ensures that the new growth is properly treated, resulting in a more uniform and long-lasting straightening effect.
11.
The haircut with a constant elevation of 90 degrees will result in
Correct Answer
C. Layers that are all the same length
Explanation
A haircut with a constant elevation of 90 degrees means that the hair is cut straight across at a 90-degree angle from the head. This technique creates layers that are all the same length because the hair is cut at the same angle throughout. It does not create a blunt cut with no layers because the hair is cut at an angle, and it does not create graduation with added fullness at the crown because the hair is not cut shorter at the crown.
12.
Nail polish should be applied
Correct Answer
B. Using light, sweeping strokes
Explanation
The correct answer is "using light, sweeping strokes." When applying nail polish, it is recommended to use light, sweeping strokes. This technique helps to evenly distribute the polish and prevent streaks or clumps. Applying the polish from the free edge to the base ensures that the entire nail is covered. Starting with the sides first helps to create a clean and neat application. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.
13.
Hot oil manicures are partially effective on
Correct Answer
C. Brittle nails
Explanation
Hot oil manicures are a treatment that involves soaking the nails in warm oil to moisturize and strengthen them. This can be beneficial for brittle nails, as the heat and oil can help to hydrate and nourish the nails, making them less prone to breaking and splitting. However, hot oil manicures may not be as effective for soft or diseased nails, as these conditions may require different treatments or medical intervention. Therefore, the correct answer is brittle nails.
14.
After rinsing the waving lotion from the hair, you should
Correct Answer
D. Blot off excess water
Explanation
After rinsing the waving lotion from the hair, it is important to blot off excess water. This step is necessary to remove any remaining product and water from the hair before applying the neutralizer. Blotting off excess water helps to ensure that the neutralizer can effectively work on the hair, as any water left in the hair may dilute the neutralizer and affect the desired results. Additionally, blotting off excess water prepares the hair for the next steps of blow drying, setting, and styling, as it helps to minimize dripping and create a clean and manageable base for further styling.
15.
Your client will most likely accept suggestions about hair color services when you
Correct Answer
B. Base your suggestions on the client's needs and lifestyle
Explanation
When suggesting hair color services to a client, it is important to base the suggestions on the client's needs and lifestyle. This approach ensures that the client's preferences, hair type, and daily routine are taken into consideration, resulting in a personalized recommendation. By understanding the client's needs and lifestyle, the hairstylist can suggest hair colors that will complement their overall look and suit their maintenance preferences. This approach increases the likelihood of the client accepting the suggestions and being satisfied with the end result.
16.
A client requests a style with no laters, but angled toward her face. Which elevation would you use?
Correct Answer
D. 0 degrees
Explanation
The client requests a style with no layers but angled toward her face. A 0-degree elevation would be appropriate in this case. This means that the hair will be cut straight across without any elevation or angle. This will create a style that is not layered but still angled towards the face as requested by the client.
17.
Sebaceous glands are NOT found in which of the following areas of the skin
Correct Answer
C. Palms
Explanation
Sebaceous glands are responsible for producing sebum, an oily substance that helps to lubricate and protect the skin. These glands are found throughout the skin, except in the palms of the hands. The palms of the hands do not have sebaceous glands because the skin in this area is thick and covered with sweat glands instead.
18.
When you chemically relax a client's hair with a "no base" relaxer, you should always
Correct Answer
B. Apply a protective cream to the hairline and ears
Explanation
When chemically relaxing a client's hair with a "no base" relaxer, it is important to apply a protective cream to the hairline and ears. This is because the relaxer can be harsh on the skin and cause irritation or burns. By applying a protective cream to these areas, it creates a barrier between the relaxer and the skin, reducing the risk of any adverse reactions. Applying the cream only to the hairline and ears is sufficient as these are the areas most prone to contact with the relaxer.
19.
Which is an INCORRECT statement about head lice?
Correct Answer
B. Lice can be treated safely in the salon
20.
Which layer of the skin contains the melanocytes that give skin its color?
Correct Answer
C. Stratum germivatium layer
Explanation
The stratum germivatium layer is the correct answer because it is the deepest layer of the epidermis where the melanocytes are located. Melanocytes are responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives color to the skin. This layer is also involved in the production of new skin cells through cell division. The dermis, reticular layer, and subcutaneous layer are not directly involved in the production of melanocytes or skin color.
21.
What is the pH range of a sodium hydroxide relaxer?
Correct Answer
D. 12 to 14
Explanation
Sodium hydroxide is a strong base, and its pH range is typically high. A pH range of 12 to 14 is highly alkaline, indicating that it is a strong base. This pH range is commonly found in sodium hydroxide relaxers, which are used for hair straightening. The high pH helps to break down the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped and straightened. Therefore, the correct answer is 12 to 14.
22.
Grasping a single strand of hair securely in one hand and then sliding the thumb and forefinger of the other hand down the strand toward the scalp is used to test the hair for
Correct Answer
D. Porosity
Explanation
The action described in the question, of sliding the thumb and forefinger down the hair strand, is commonly used to test the porosity of the hair. Porosity refers to the hair's ability to absorb and retain moisture. By performing this test, one can determine if the hair strand easily absorbs water or if it repels it, indicating low or high porosity respectively. Therefore, the correct answer is porosity.
23.
The pH scale is a unit of measurement that indicates whether a substance is
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
The pH scale is a measurement scale that ranges from 0 to 14 and is used to determine the acidity or alkalinity of a substance. A pH value below 7 indicates acidity, a pH value above 7 indicates alkalinity, and a pH value of 7 indicates neutrality. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" because the pH scale covers all three possibilities of a substance being acidic, alkaline, or neutral.
24.
A towel or neck strip is placed under the cape when draping a client:
Correct Answer
C. For sanitary reasons
Explanation
A towel or neck strip is placed under the cape when draping a client for sanitary reasons. This is because it helps to protect the client's skin and clothing from any hair clippings, chemicals, or other products that may come into contact during the hairdressing process. By using a towel or neck strip, it helps to maintain cleanliness and hygiene in the salon or barbershop, ensuring a safe and comfortable experience for the client.
25.
When retouching a client's hair with a sodium hydroxide relaxer, you should
Correct Answer
D. Relax the new growth only
Explanation
When retouching a client's hair with a sodium hydroxide relaxer, it is recommended to relax the new growth only. This is because sodium hydroxide relaxers are strong and can cause damage to already processed hair. By relaxing only the new growth, the stylist can avoid over-processing the hair and minimize the risk of breakage or damage. This approach allows for maintaining the desired straightness and texture while promoting healthy hair growth.
26.
Trichology is the study of
Correct Answer
C. Hair
Explanation
Trichology is the study of hair. This field focuses on understanding the structure, function, and health of hair, as well as the causes and treatments for hair loss and scalp conditions. Trichologists are experts in diagnosing and treating hair and scalp disorders, providing advice on hair care and products, and helping individuals maintain healthy hair. They play a crucial role in addressing various hair-related concerns and promoting overall hair health.
27.
Which face shape looks good with almost any hairstyle?
Correct Answer
C. Oval
Explanation
Oval face shape looks good with almost any hairstyle because it is considered the most balanced and versatile face shape. The oval shape has balanced proportions, with slightly wider cheekbones and a gently rounded jawline. This shape allows for a wide range of hairstyles to complement it, whether it's short, long, curly, or straight. Oval faces can pull off various haircuts and styles without being limited by any specific features, making it the most adaptable face shape for different hairstyles.
28.
What is the cell reproducer of the nail?
Correct Answer
B. Matrix
Explanation
The matrix is the correct answer because it is the part of the nail responsible for cell reproduction. It is located at the base of the nail and produces new cells that push the old cells forward, causing the nail to grow. The matrix is essential for nail growth and the production of healthy nails.
29.
What happens to each individual hair strand when an aniline derivative (oxidation) tint is mixed with hydrogen peroxide and applied to the hair?
Correct Answer
B. The cortex swells allowing pigment molecules to enter
Explanation
When an aniline derivative (oxidation) tint is mixed with hydrogen peroxide and applied to the hair, the cortex of each individual hair strand swells. This swelling allows the pigment molecules from the tint to enter the cortex and penetrate the hair shaft, resulting in the absorption of color by the hair.
30.
In order the raise a client's head so you can shampoo the back of the head, you should
Correct Answer
C. Support the client's head with your hand
Explanation
To shampoo the back of the client's head, it is necessary to support their head with your hand. This ensures that the client's head remains stable and in the desired position throughout the shampooing process. Asking the client to support their own head may not provide enough stability, and asking them to turn around would not be necessary if you can support their head directly. Asking another stylist to support the client's head may not be practical or efficient. Therefore, supporting the client's head with your hand is the most appropriate and effective solution.
31.
Which of the following problems is due to an over-production of sebum?
Correct Answer
D. Seborrhea
Explanation
Seborrhea is a condition characterized by an overproduction of sebum, which is an oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin. This excessive production of sebum can lead to oily skin, clogged pores, and the development of acne. Therefore, seborrhea is the correct answer as it directly relates to the overproduction of sebum.
32.
Which is the chemical symbol for hydrogen peroxide?
Correct Answer
B. H2O2
Explanation
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound composed of two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms, making its chemical formula H2O2. It is commonly used as a disinfectant, bleaching agent, and oxidizer. The other options listed, H2O, H2SO4, and NaOH, do not represent the chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide.
33.
Another term for thermal waving is
Correct Answer
D. Marcel waving
Explanation
Marcel waving is another term for thermal waving. This technique involves using a heated curling iron to create waves in the hair. It is named after Francois Marcel, a French hairdresser who popularized this method in the early 20th century. Finger waving, roller setting, and dry hairstyling are different techniques used to style hair, but they do not involve the use of heat to create waves like marcel waving does.
34.
Warm toned colors are made primarily of
Correct Answer
B. Reds and yellows
Explanation
Warm toned colors are made primarily of reds and yellows. These colors are associated with warmth and energy. Reds evoke feelings of passion and intensity, while yellows are often associated with happiness and positivity. When combined, they create a vibrant and inviting color palette.
35.
Wet hair stretches what percent of its lenggth?
Correct Answer
B. 40 to 50
Explanation
Wet hair stretches approximately 40 to 50 percent of its length. When hair is wet, it becomes more elastic due to the water penetrating the hair shaft. This allows the hair to stretch without breaking easily. Therefore, wet hair can be stretched up to 40 to 50 percent longer than its original length before it reaches its breaking point.
36.
You should hold both the comb and shears in your dominant hand while
Correct Answer
C. Combing hair
Explanation
This question is confusing -- but "combing hair" is the answer given by the answer key. Why would you be holding shears if you are only combing hair? But, if you are cutting hair, you may transfer the comb to your non-dominant hand? CONFUSING QUESTION!
37.
When giving a soft-curl perm, apply thio until hair on all rods is thoroughly saturated, then
Correct Answer
D. Replace saturated cotton
Explanation
When giving a soft-curl perm, it is important to ensure that the hair on all rods is thoroughly saturated with thio. After this step, the next appropriate action would be to replace the saturated cotton. This is because the cotton absorbs the excess thio and helps in the perming process. By replacing the saturated cotton, it ensures that the excess thio is removed from the hair, preventing any potential damage or over-processing.
38.
When giving a soft-curl perm, you should take a test curl frequently in order to ensure
Correct Answer
B. The hair is curling properly but not becoming damaged
Explanation
When giving a soft-curl perm, it is important to take a test curl frequently to ensure that the hair is curling properly but not becoming damaged. This is because the chemical process involved in perming can be harsh on the hair, and leaving the solution on for too long or using too much heat can result in damage. By regularly checking the test curl, the stylist can determine if the hair is curling as desired without being over-processed or harmed in any way.
39.
The action of sodium hydroxide relaxer causes the hair to
Correct Answer
A. Soften and swell
Explanation
When sodium hydroxide relaxer is applied to the hair, it causes the hair to soften and swell. This is because sodium hydroxide is an alkaline substance that breaks down the protein bonds in the hair, allowing it to become more pliable and easier to manipulate. The swelling of the hair also helps to straighten it, as it expands and loses its natural curl pattern. Therefore, the correct answer is "soften and swell".
40.
On which type of hair should you use and acid-balanced perm?
Correct Answer
B. Highlighted or tinted hair
Explanation
An acid-balanced perm should be used on highlighted or tinted hair because the acid in the perm helps to protect the color and prevent fading. Highlighted or tinted hair is more fragile and prone to damage, so using an acid-balanced perm helps to minimize the risk of further damage and maintain the color intensity.
41.
Which statement about the use of a razor for haircutting is INCORRECT?
Correct Answer
C. When combing the hair, put the razor down and hold the comb in your dominant hand
Explanation
The incorrect statement is "when combing the hair, put the razor down and hold the comb in your dominant hand." This statement suggests that the razor should be put down while combing the hair, which is not the correct technique. In haircutting, the razor is typically held in the dominant hand while combing the hair with the other hand.
42.
Texturizing is also referred to as
Correct Answer
A. Thinning
Explanation
Texturizing is a hairstyling technique that involves thinning out the hair to create texture and remove bulk. It is often used to add movement and reduce the weight of thick hair. Thinning is the correct answer because it accurately describes the process of removing excess hair to achieve a desired texture and style. The other options, cross-checking, sectioning, and parting, are not synonymous with texturizing and do not accurately describe the technique.
43.
The main active ingredient in an alkaline perm is
Correct Answer
B. Ammonium thioglycolate
Explanation
Ammonium thioglycolate is the main active ingredient in an alkaline perm. This chemical is responsible for breaking and reforming the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped and curled. Hydrogen peroxide is commonly used in hair bleaching or coloring processes, but it is not the main ingredient in an alkaline perm. Glycerol and potassium bromate are not typically used in perm solutions.
44.
Relaxers with ammonium thioglycolate differ from relaxers with sodium hydroxide because thio is
Correct Answer
A. Milder
Explanation
Relaxers with ammonium thioglycolate are milder compared to relaxers with sodium hydroxide. This is because thio is gentler on the hair and scalp, causing less damage and potential for chemical burns. Sodium hydroxide relaxers, on the other hand, are stronger and more aggressive, making them more dangerous and harsher on the hair and scalp.
45.
Texturizing can
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
Texturizing techniques in hairstyling can serve multiple purposes. They can reduce bulk and create support by removing excess weight and adding structure to the hair. They can also create visual texture by adding dimension and movement to the hairstyle. Additionally, texturizing can create fullness and mobility, giving the hair a voluminous and bouncy appearance. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as texturizing can achieve all these effects.
46.
The technical name for the nail is
Correct Answer
A. Onyx
Explanation
The technical name for the nail is "onyx" because onyx refers to the hard, protective covering of the nail. It is derived from the Greek word "onychos," meaning "nail." The onyx is composed of keratin and helps to protect the fingertip and provide support. The term "onyx" is commonly used in medical and anatomical contexts to describe the nail structure.
47.
While shampooing, protect the client's face and ears from water spray with
Correct Answer
A. Your hand
Explanation
When shampooing, protecting the client's face and ears from water spray with your hand is the most appropriate option. This is because using your hand allows for better control and precision in directing the water spray away from the client's face and ears. It also provides a more personal and attentive touch, ensuring the client's comfort and safety during the shampooing process. Using a cape, neck strip, or apron may not be as effective in shielding the client's face and ears from water spray.
48.
The occipital bone forms the back and base of the
Correct Answer
B. Cranium
Explanation
The occipital bone is a bone located at the back and base of the cranium, which is the skull. It forms the lower part of the back of the skull and helps protect the brain and spinal cord. The occipital bone connects with other bones of the cranium and provides support and structure to the head. Therefore, the correct answer is cranium.
49.
Overgrown cuticles are referred to as
Correct Answer
D. Pterygium
Explanation
A pterygium refers to an overgrowth of the cuticle, which is the strip of skin that covers the base of the nail. It can occur due to various reasons such as excessive picking or biting of the cuticles. On the other hand, onychophagy refers to the habit of biting the nails, agnails are torn or broken cuticles, and leucoychia refers to the presence of white spots on the nails. Therefore, pterygium is the most appropriate term to describe overgrown cuticles.
50.
Whichh is the quickest way to lighten hair?
Correct Answer
C. Powder or paste bleach
Explanation
Powder or paste bleach is the quickest way to lighten hair. Bleach contains chemicals that can remove the natural color pigments from the hair shaft, resulting in lighter hair. Powder or paste bleach is typically mixed with a developer and applied to the hair for a certain amount of time, depending on the desired lightness. This process is commonly used in hair salons and can achieve significant lightening results in a short period of time.