1.
Participants in an experiment were told to listen to and repeat a prose passage played in one ear, while a novel tune was placed in thier other ear. The results of this experiment indicated that the participants:
Correct Answer
D. Showed an increase in thier liking of the novel tune.
Explanation
The participants in the experiment showed an increase in their liking of the novel tune. This suggests that they were able to consciously perceive and appreciate the tune that was played in their ear. The fact that they developed a liking for it indicates that they were not discomforted by the tune being subliminal, as the first option suggests. Additionally, there is no information provided about the participants' ability to identify exactly which tune was played, so the second option cannot be inferred. Finally, the passage does not mention anything about the participants' brain waves or their level of alpha waves, so the third option cannot be supported.
2.
The impact of biological rhythms is best illustrated by:
Correct Answer
B. Fluctuations in evergy level and alerness across the span of a day.
Explanation
The impact of biological rhythms refers to the natural patterns and cycles that occur in our bodies, such as the sleep-wake cycle. Fluctuations in energy level and alertness across the span of a day are a clear example of these rhythms. Our energy levels tend to be highest during the day and lowest during the night, and our alertness also follows a similar pattern. This is influenced by our internal biological clock, which regulates these rhythms. Therefore, the best illustration of the impact of biological rhythms is the fluctuations in energy level and alertness across the span of a day.
3.
Alpha waves are associated with:
Correct Answer
E. A relaxed but awake state
Explanation
Alpha waves are associated with a relaxed but awake state. These brain waves have a frequency of 8-13 Hz and are typically observed when a person is awake but in a calm and relaxed state, such as during meditation or daydreaming. They are not associated with REM waves, which occur during the rapid eye movement stage of sleep, or with stages 2, 3, or 4 of the sleep cycle.
4.
Which of the following is most likely to be associated with slow-wave sleep?
Correct Answer
A. Bedwetting
Explanation
Bedwetting is most likely to be associated with slow-wave sleep because slow-wave sleep is the deepest stage of sleep characterized by slow brain waves and relaxation of the body. During this stage, the body's control over bladder function is reduced, leading to bedwetting in some individuals, especially children. Sleep spindles are brief bursts of brain activity that occur during stage 2 of sleep. Hallucinations are more commonly associated with REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, while genital arousal is not directly related to any specific stage of sleep.
5.
Mary has been asleep for 3 hours. As she continues to sleep, we can expect that _______ sleep will diminish and that ________ sleep will increase in duration.
Correct Answer
C. Stage 4, REM
Explanation
As Mary continues to sleep, her stage 4 sleep will diminish and her REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep will increase in duration. This is because sleep progresses through different stages, and stage 4 sleep is the deepest stage of sleep characterized by slow brain waves and physical relaxation. As the sleep cycle continues, REM sleep becomes more prominent, which is associated with vivid dreaming and increased brain activity. Therefore, it is expected that stage 4 sleep will decrease while REM sleep will increase as Mary continues to sleep.
6.
Steve has not slept for 72 hours. It is increasingly likely that she will be more susceptible to:
Correct Answer
A. Viral infections
Explanation
Lack of sleep weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to viral infections. When the body does not get enough rest, it becomes more difficult for it to fight off viruses and infections effectively. Therefore, it is highly likely that Steve, who has not slept for 72 hours, will be more vulnerable to viral infections.
7.
Which of the following sleep disorders would be the most incapacitating for a commercial airline pilot?
Correct Answer
D. Narcolepsy
Explanation
Narcolepsy would be the most incapacitating sleep disorder for a commercial airline pilot. Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that affects the brain's ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles. It causes excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden uncontrollable sleep attacks, which can occur at any time, including during flight. This poses a significant safety risk as the pilot may fall asleep or lose control of the aircraft while in the air. Therefore, narcolepsy would severely impair the pilot's ability to perform their duties and make it unsafe for them to fly.
8.
According to Freud, the personally threatening and censored meaning of a dream is its:
Correct Answer
C. Latent content
Explanation
Freud believed that dreams have a hidden and symbolic meaning, known as the latent content. This content represents the unconscious desires, fears, and conflicts that are disguised and censored in the dream. The manifest content, on the other hand, refers to the literal and surface-level events and objects that are experienced in the dream. Dissociated content and hallucinatory content are not terms commonly used in Freudian dream analysis.
9.
Those who study hypnosis agree that it is a state of:
Correct Answer
C. Heightened suggestibilty
Explanation
Hypnosis is widely recognized as a state of heightened suggestibility. This means that individuals who are hypnotized are more open and receptive to suggestions and are more likely to respond to them. This state allows the hypnotist to guide the individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a way that can be beneficial for therapeutic purposes.