Superior Mediastinum And Lungs - Block 3
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- 1.
The area above the line is called the _____________.
- A.
Middle Mediastinum
- B.
Gross Mediastinum
- C.
Superior Mediastium
Correct Answer
C. Superior MediastiumExplanation
The area above the red line is called the superior mediastinum.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The Angle of Louis or sternal angle separates the inferior from superior mediastinum at what two vertebrae?
- A.
T3 and T4
- B.
C4 and C5
- C.
T4 and T5
- D.
L3 and L4
Correct Answer
C. T4 and T5Explanation
The Angle of Louis, also known as the sternal angle, is an anatomical landmark that separates the inferior and superior mediastinum. It is located at the level of the intervertebral disc between the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae (T4 and T5).Rate this question:
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- 3.
The Glandular plane of the superior mediastinum consist of ________.
- A.
Aorta
- B.
Thymus
- C.
Superior vena cava
- D.
Thoracic duct
Correct Answer
B. ThymusExplanation
The glandular plane of the superior mediastinum consists of the thymus. The thymus is a gland located in the upper chest region, behind the sternum. It plays a crucial role in the development and maturation of T-cells, which are important for the immune system. The thymus is most active during childhood and gradually decreases in size and function as a person ages. It is considered a part of the lymphatic system and is responsible for producing and releasing lymphocytes.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The venous plane of the superior mediastinum consist of all of the following except?
- A.
Left and right brachiocephalic vein
- B.
Superior vena cava
- C.
Arch of azygos vein
- D.
Great saphenous vein
Correct Answer
D. Great sapHenous veinExplanation
The venous plane of the superior mediastinum consists of the left and right brachiocephalic veins, superior vena cava, and the arch of the azygos vein. The great saphenous vein, however, is not a part of the venous plane of the superior mediastinum. It is a superficial vein located in the lower limb and is not directly related to the structures in the superior mediastinum.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The arterial -nerous plane of the superior mediastenium consist of all of the following except ___________.
- A.
Brachiocephalic trunk
- B.
Left common carotid artery
- C.
Right common carotid artery
- D.
Left subclavian artery
- E.
Left vagus nerve
- F.
Right phrenic nerve
Correct Answer
C. Right common carotid arteryExplanation
right vagas nerve and left phrenic nerve are also part of the arterial nervous planeRate this question:
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- 6.
The visceral plane of the superior mediastinum consist of ____________.
- A.
Trachea and esophagus
- B.
Trachea and larynx
- C.
Esophagus and larynx
- D.
Trachea, esophagus and larynx
Correct Answer
A. Trachea and esopHagusExplanation
The correct answer is trachea and esophagus. The visceral plane of the superior mediastinum refers to the area located in the upper part of the chest, between the sternum and the vertebral column. It contains the organs that are involved in respiration and digestion, such as the trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus (food pipe). The larynx (voice box) is not included in the visceral plane of the superior mediastinum.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The lymphatic plane of the superior mediastinum consist of __________
- A.
Descending aorta
- B.
Thoracic duct
- C.
Lymphatic ducts
- D.
No such thing
Correct Answer
B. Thoracic ductExplanation
The lymphatic plane of the superior mediastinum consists of the thoracic duct. The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body and is responsible for draining lymph from the lower body, left upper body, and left side of the head and neck. It runs through the superior mediastinum and eventually empties into the venous system near the junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins. The other options listed, such as the descending aorta and lymphatic ducts, are not specifically part of the lymphatic plane of the superior mediastinum.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The thymus sit anteriorly to the ________________ and _____________.
- A.
Esophagus and trachea
- B.
Left brachiocephalic vein and aortic arch
- C.
Left brachiocephalic vein and trachea
- D.
Right subclavian vein and manibrium
Correct Answer
B. Left brachiocepHalic vein and aortic archExplanation
The thymus is located in the anterior (front) part of the body. It sits in front of the left brachiocephalic vein and the aortic arch. This means that if you were looking at the thymus from the front, you would see it in front of these two structures. The other options do not accurately describe the position of the thymus in relation to these specific structures.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The superior vena cava shunts blood from structures superior to diaphargm with exceptions of heart and lungs(brochial veins).
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The superior vena cava is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart. It receives blood from various structures located above the diaphragm, such as the head, neck, upper limbs, and chest wall. However, it does not receive blood from the heart and lungs, as they have their own separate pathways for blood circulation. Therefore, the statement that the superior vena cava shunts blood from structures superior to the diaphragm, with the exceptions of the heart and lungs, is true.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The arch of the Azygos vein loops superiorly around th root of the right lung.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The arch of the Azygos vein does indeed loop superiorly around the root of the right lung. This anatomical structure can be seen in the human body and is a valid statement.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The arch of the aorta ascends medial lateral to the right.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The arch of the aorta ascends posterolaterally to the right.Rate this question:
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- 12.
All consist of branches of the aorta except:
- A.
Brachiocephalic trunk
- B.
Left subclavian artery
- C.
Right subclavian artery
- D.
Left common carotid artery
Correct Answer
C. Right subclavian arteryExplanation
The right subclavian artery is the correct answer because it is not a branch of the aorta. The brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, and left common carotid artery are all branches of the aorta. The right subclavian artery arises from the brachiocephalic trunk, which is the first branch of the aorta. Therefore, the right subclavian artery is the only option that does not fit the pattern of being a branch of the aorta.Rate this question:
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- 13.
A patient comes into your office complaining of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), you order an diagnotic radiograph. Looking at the radiograph you notice his ______________crosses posterior to the esophagus. This is known as _______________.
- A.
Left subclavian artery; retroesphogeal left subclavian artery
- B.
Right subclavian artery; retroesphogeal right subclavian artery
- C.
Brachiocephalic trunk; retroesphogeal brachiocephalic trunk
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Right subclavian artery; retroespHogeal right subclavian artery -
- 14.
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the subclavian artery and ascends between the trachea adn esophagus.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because the right recurrent laryngeal nerve does indeed hook around the subclavian artery and then ascends between the trachea and esophagus. This anatomical arrangement is important for the nerve's function in innervating the muscles of the larynx and controlling vocal cord movement.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes inferior to the arch of aorta posterolateral to the ligamentum arteriosum, ascends to the larynx between trachea and esophagus.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve does indeed pass inferior to the arch of the aorta and posterolateral to the ligamentum arteriosum. It then ascends to the larynx, positioning itself between the trachea and esophagus. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve is prone to injury due to aneurysm of the arch of aorta and involvement of esophageal and bronchogenic carcinoma, lymphadenopathy. Symptoms can result in unilateral damage which causes ________________ and bilateral damage which causes: _________________.
- A.
Coughing; vomiting
- B.
Hoarseness; aphonia (loss of voice)
- C.
Mucus; thicker mucus
- D.
Wheezing and death
Correct Answer
B. Hoarseness; apHonia (loss of voice)Explanation
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve is prone to injury due to the involvement of structures such as the arch of the aorta, esophagus, bronchogenic carcinoma, and lymphadenopathy. Unilateral damage to this nerve can result in hoarseness, while bilateral damage can lead to aphonia, which is a complete loss of voice.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Phrenic nerve passes anterior to the root of the lungs and supplies mediastinal pleura and pericardium.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The phrenic nerve is a nerve that originates from the cervical spine and passes in front of the root of the lungs. It supplies the mediastinal pleura, which is the lining of the chest cavity, and the pericardium, which is the membrane surrounding the heart. Therefore, the statement that the phrenic nerve passes anterior to the root of the lungs and supplies the mediastinal pleura and pericardium is true.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Irritation of phrenic nerve or tissues supplied by the nerve causes
- A.
Coughing
- B.
Hiccup reflex
- C.
Heaving breathing
- D.
Makes it hard to breathe
Correct Answer
B. Hiccup reflexExplanation
When the phrenic nerve or the tissues it supplies become irritated, it can trigger the hiccup reflex. The phrenic nerve plays a crucial role in controlling the diaphragm, which is the main muscle involved in breathing. When irritated, the nerve can cause involuntary contractions of the diaphragm, leading to the characteristic sound and movement of hiccups. This irritation does not directly affect coughing or breathing difficulties, which are more commonly associated with other respiratory conditions. Therefore, the correct answer is the hiccup reflex.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Characterictic of the Trachea:
- A.
Ends at the sternal angle
- B.
Descends anteriorly to the esophagus
- C.
Divides into left and right main bronchi
- D.
Terminates superior to the heart
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the aboveExplanation
The trachea is a tube-like structure that extends from the larynx to the bronchi. It is located in the anterior part of the neck and chest. The trachea ends at the sternal angle, which is a landmark on the sternum. It descends anteriorly to the esophagus, which is located posteriorly. The trachea divides into the left and right main bronchi, which further branch into smaller bronchi. Finally, the trachea terminates superior to the heart, where it bifurcates into the bronchi. Therefore, all of the given statements are true characteristics of the trachea.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The __________ pleura covers the root of the lung.
- A.
Visceral
- B.
Parietal
- C.
Costal
- D.
Diaphragmatic
Correct Answer
B. ParietalExplanation
The parietal pleura covers the root of the lung. The parietal pleura is the outer layer of the pleura, which is a thin membrane that lines the chest cavity and covers the lungs. It is attached to the chest wall, ribs, and diaphragm. The visceral pleura, on the other hand, covers the surface of the lungs. The costal pleura refers to the part of the parietal pleura that lines the inner surface of the chest wall. The diaphragmatic pleura covers the diaphragm, which is the muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Name letters A and B in picture
- A.
Costal pleura; hilum of the lung
- B.
Cervical pleura; hilum of the lung
- C.
Cervical pleura; root of the lung
- D.
Phrenic pluera; root of the lung
Correct Answer
B. Cervical pleura; hilum of the lungExplanation
The correct answer is "cervical pleura; hilum of the lung". The cervical pleura refers to the portion of the pleura that covers the neck region of the lung. The hilum of the lung is the area where the blood vessels, nerves, and bronchi enter and exit the lung. This is the most accurate description of the letters A and B in the picture.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The costal pleura and the peripheral part ot he diaphragmatic pleura is suppled by the _____________ nerves.
- A.
Phrenic
- B.
Intercostal
- C.
Vagus
- D.
Diaphragmatic
Correct Answer
B. IntercostalExplanation
The costal pleura and the peripheral part of the diaphragmatic pleura are supplied by the intercostal nerves. These nerves originate from the spinal cord and run along the spaces between the ribs. They provide sensory innervation to the intercostal muscles and the skin of the chest and abdomen. Since the costal pleura is located near the ribs and the diaphragmatic pleura is near the diaphragm, it makes sense that they would be supplied by the intercostal nerves.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The mediastinal pleura is supplied by the phrenic nerve
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The mediastinal pleura is the membrane that covers the organs in the mediastinum, the central compartment of the chest. It is innervated by the phrenic nerve, which is a major nerve that originates from the cervical spine and supplies sensation to the diaphragm and the surrounding structures. Therefore, the statement that the mediastinal pleura is supplied by the phrenic nerve is true.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Pain sensation from the costal pleura is referred to the thoracic adn abdominal walls. Irritation of mediastinal pleura is referred to the root of the nect and over the shoulder. Visceral pleura is sensative to pain.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
visceral pleura is INSENSATIVE TO PAINRate this question:
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- 25.
Costomediastinal is a potential pleural space where the pericardium is in direct contact with the posterir surface of the _____________.
- A.
Thoracic wall
- B.
Lungs
- C.
Heart
- D.
Sternal angle
Correct Answer
A. Thoracic wallExplanation
The pericardium is a double-layered sac that surrounds the heart. The costomediastinal recess is a potential space located between the pericardium and the mediastinum. It is formed by the reflection of the parietal pleura onto the mediastinum. In this space, the pericardium is in direct contact with the posterior surface of the thoracic wall. Therefore, the correct answer is thoracic wall.Rate this question:
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- 26.
During a Pericardiocenthesis the point of the needle should be inserted ____________ intercostal space near the sternum
- A.
3rd and 4th
- B.
5th and 6th
- C.
7th and 8th
- D.
9th
Correct Answer
B. 5th and 6thExplanation
During a Pericardiocentesis, the point of the needle should be inserted in the 5th and 6th intercostal space near the sternum. This is the correct answer because the pericardial sac, which is the target for the procedure, is located in this area. By inserting the needle in the 5th and 6th intercostal space, healthcare professionals can safely access the pericardial sac to drain fluid or perform other necessary interventions.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Acute pleuritis is marked by a dull pain in chest.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Marked by a sharp stabbing pain.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which one of these statements are incorrect?
- A.
The visceral pleura is insensative to pain
- B.
The pulmonary plexus is located on the root of the lung
- C.
The left lung has 3 lobes and two fissures
- D.
Central part of th diaphragmatic pleura is supplied by the phrenic nerve
Correct Answer
C. The left lung has 3 lobes and two fissuresExplanation
The correct answer is that the left lung has 3 lobes and two fissures. This statement is incorrect because the left lung actually has 2 lobes and one fissure. The left lung is divided into the superior and inferior lobes by the oblique fissure, whereas the right lung has 3 lobes and 2 fissures (oblique and horizontal).Rate this question:
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- 29.
The cervical pleura is protected by the cervical.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The cervical pleura projects into the neck, not shielded by bony structures. Therefore, cervical pleura can be easily injured at thsi point. ie stabbing wounds.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which structure is incorrectly named:
- A.
A: Left subclavian artery
- B.
B: left brachiocephalic vein
- C.
H: pulmonary veins
- D.
F: thoracic aorta
Correct Answer
C. H: pulmonary veinsExplanation
H is the bronchusRate this question:
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- 31.
Which is incorrectly matched:
- A.
A: Azygos vein
- B.
B: Superior vena cava
- C.
C: Pulmonary arteries
- D.
D: Pulmonary veins
- E.
All are correct
Correct Answer
E. All are correctExplanation
The question asks for an incorrect match among the given options. However, the answer states that all the options are correct. This implies that there is no incorrect match among Azygos vein, Superior vena cava, Pulmonary arteries, and Pulmonary veins. Therefore, the answer suggests that all the options are correctly matched.Rate this question:
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- 32.
The carina is located inside the esophagus at its bifurcation.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Carina is located in the trachea.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Thoracocenthesis should be conducted at the _________ intercostal space;
- A.
5th
- B.
7th
- C.
8th
- D.
9th
Correct Answer
D. 9thExplanation
Thoracocenthesis should be conducted at the 9th intercostal space. This is because the procedure involves inserting a needle or catheter into the pleural space, which is located between the ribs. The 9th intercostal space is a suitable location for this procedure as it provides access to the pleural space without causing damage to vital structures such as the lungs or major blood vessels. Additionally, the 9th intercostal space allows for effective drainage of fluid or air that may have accumulated in the pleural space.Rate this question:
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May 10, 2024Quiz Edited by
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Nov 17, 2011Quiz Created by
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