Surgical Tech (Appleton & Lange) Part 10

When a scrub is pricked with a needle, the correct procedure is to discard the needle immediately to prevent any further injury or contamination. Changing the glove is necessary to ensure that any potential pathogens or contaminants on the glove are removed. This helps to maintain a sterile environment and minimize the risk of infection.

A phacoemulsifier is a device that uses ultrasonic energy to fragment the lens in extracapsular cataract extraction. This device is commonly used in modern cataract surgery to break up the cloudy lens into smaller pieces, which are then removed through a small incision. The ultrasonic energy generated by the phacoemulsifier helps to emulsify the lens material, making it easier to remove. This technique is less invasive compared to traditional extracapsular cataract extraction methods, as it requires a smaller incision and allows for faster recovery times.

Tympanoplasty is a surgical procedure used to repair a perforated eardrum. It involves grafting a piece of tissue onto the eardrum to close the hole and restore its function. This procedure is performed to improve hearing, prevent ear infections, and reduce symptoms such as pain and discharge. Myringotomy is a different procedure that involves making a small incision in the eardrum to relieve pressure or drain fluid. Stapedectomy and stapedotomy are surgeries performed to treat hearing loss caused by a damaged stapes bone in the middle ear.

Cocaine is a local anesthetic that can be used topically to numb the nasal area before surgery. It works by blocking the transmission of pain signals from the nerves in the area where it is applied, providing temporary pain relief. Other options like Numorphan, codeine, and Marcaine are not typically used as topical anesthetics before nasal surgery.

A myringotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making a small incision in the eardrum to relieve pressure and drain fluid from the middle ear. This procedure is commonly used to treat acute otitis media, which is an infection of the middle ear. It allows for the removal of fluid and reduces pain and pressure in the ear. The other options, stapes mobilization, fenestration operation, and Wullstein procedure, are not typically used to treat acute otitis media.

The correct answer is "to minimize transfer of heat from burr to surrounding structures." When using an ear drill, it is important to minimize the transfer of heat generated by the burr to the surrounding structures. Irrigation is used to achieve this by continuously cooling the area and preventing overheating. This helps to protect the delicate tissues and structures around the drilling site from potential damage caused by excessive heat.

After the anterior pillar of a tonsil is incised with a #12 blade, the tonsil is freed from its attachments with a Hurd dissector.

The correct answer states that when passing local anesthetic to the surgeon, one should state the kind and percentage of the solution. This is important because different types and concentrations of local anesthetics have different effects and dosages. By stating the kind and percentage, the surgeon can ensure that they are using the correct solution for the intended procedure and can administer the appropriate amount. This helps to ensure patient safety and the effectiveness of the anesthesia.

Moist padding of surrounding tissue is the most effective barrier to stop laser energy from penetrating healthy tissue. Moist padding acts as a protective layer that absorbs and dissipates the laser energy, preventing it from reaching the underlying healthy tissue. This method is commonly used in medical procedures involving lasers to ensure the safety of surrounding tissues and minimize damage. Goggles, covering reflective windows, and checking laser equipment after each use may contribute to overall safety but are not specifically designed to stop laser energy from penetrating healthy tissue.

A forceps used in nasal surgery is called a bayonet. A bayonet forceps typically has a curved shape that allows for better access and maneuverability in the nasal cavity. It is designed to hold and manipulate delicate tissues and structures during the surgical procedure. The curved shape of the bayonet forceps helps in reaching difficult areas and provides better visibility for the surgeon. This type of forceps is commonly used in nasal surgeries to ensure precision and accuracy during the procedure.

A cottonoid patty is a type of sponge that is commonly used in brain surgery. It is made of cotton and is designed to be absorbent and non-irritating to the delicate tissues of the brain. The cottonoid patty is used to gently clean or manipulate the brain during surgery, and its soft texture helps to minimize the risk of damage to the surrounding tissues.

Syndactyly refers to the condition where there is webbing between two or more digits. This means that the skin and tissues between the fingers or toes are fused together, causing them to appear as if they are joined. It is a congenital condition that can occur in varying degrees of severity, ranging from partial webbing to complete fusion of the digits. Syndactyly can affect both hands and feet, and it can be present at birth or develop later in life. Surgical intervention may be required to separate the fused digits and improve functionality and appearance.

Retrobulbar refers to the injection of an anesthetic solution into the base of the eyelids or behind the eyeball to block the ciliary ganglion and nerves. This technique is commonly used in ophthalmic surgeries to provide anesthesia and akinesia (loss of movement) to the eye and surrounding structures. It involves injecting the anesthetic solution directly into the retrobulbar space, which is located behind the eyeball. This block effectively numbs the eye and prevents pain during surgery.

A balanced salt solution is a solution used for eye irrigation. It is specifically designed to mimic the natural composition of tears, containing a balanced concentration of electrolytes and other essential components. This solution helps to cleanse and soothe the eyes, providing relief from irritation or foreign particles. Phenylephrine HCI is a vasoconstrictor used for eye redness, not irrigation. Normal saline is a sterile solution of salt and water, but it does not have the balanced composition of tears. Alpha-chymotrypsin is an enzyme used for certain eye conditions, but not for irrigation.

The correct answer is A and B. Marsupialization of a Bartholin cyst involves suturing the posterior wall of the cyst to the skin edges and removal of the anterior wall of the cyst. This procedure helps to create a new opening for the cyst to drain, preventing the re-accumulation of fluid and reducing the risk of infection. By suturing the posterior wall to the skin edges and removing the anterior wall, the cyst is effectively drained and the risk of recurrence is minimized.

The correct answer is "stent". A stent is a medical device that is used to support or hold open a bodily passage or vessel. In the context of applying dressings to an unstable area like the face or neck, utilizing long sutures tied over the dressing for stability, a stent can be used to provide additional support and stability to the dressing. This helps to ensure that the dressing stays in place and provides the necessary pressure for proper healing.

Dacrocystohinostomy is the procedure performed for chromic dacrocystitis. This surgical procedure involves creating a new drainage opening for the lacrimal sac, allowing the tears to bypass the blocked or infected lacrimal duct. It is done to relieve the symptoms and prevent recurrent infections in patients with chronic inflammation of the lacrimal sac. Extirpation refers to the complete removal of an organ or tissue, lacrimal duct probing is a diagnostic procedure to assess the patency of the lacrimal duct, and myectomy is the surgical removal of a portion of a muscle.

Bulky dressings added to the intermediate layer of a three-layer dressing are used to eliminate dead space and immobilize a body part. By filling in any empty spaces, bulky dressings help to prevent the formation of pockets where fluid or debris can accumulate, reducing the risk of infection. Additionally, immobilizing a body part using bulky dressings can help to stabilize fractures or injuries, promoting healing and preventing further damage. Therefore, options A and C are correct.

A graft containing epidermis and only a portion of the dermis is called a split-thickness graft. This type of graft involves taking a thin layer of skin from the donor site, including the epidermis and a portion of the dermis. Split-thickness grafts are commonly used in cases where a large area needs to be covered, as they allow for better healing and revascularization compared to full-thickness grafts. This type of graft also has a lower risk of complications such as graft failure or infection.

Esmarch bandage is used to exsanguinate a limb prior to the use of a tourniquet. Exsanguination involves removing blood from the limb to create a bloodless field for surgical procedures. The Esmarch bandage is a rubber bandage that is wrapped tightly around the limb, starting from the distal end and moving towards the proximal end. This helps to push the blood out of the limb, reducing bleeding during the procedure. The other options mentioned, Kling, Elastoplast, and Ace, do not have the same specific purpose or effect in the exsanguination process.

A computerized nerve monitor can help decrease facial nerve trauma during surgery or other medical procedures. This device is designed to monitor the facial nerve in real-time, providing feedback to the surgeon about the proximity and integrity of the nerve. By using this monitor, the surgeon can make more precise and informed decisions, reducing the risk of accidental damage to the facial nerve. Fluoroscopy, Berman locator, and Doppler are not specifically designed for monitoring facial nerves and may not provide the same level of accuracy and real-time information as a computerized nerve monitor.

The most commonly used donor tendon for a free flexor tendon graft is the palmaris longus and the plantaris tendon. These tendons are often used in surgical procedures to replace damaged or injured flexor tendons in the hand. The palmaris longus is a long, slender tendon located in the forearm, while the plantaris tendon is a small, thin tendon located in the calf. Using both tendons as donor grafts provides surgeons with more options and flexibility in choosing the appropriate tendon for the specific case.

Hysteroscopy is the correct answer because it refers to the endoscopic visualization of the uterine cavity. This procedure involves inserting a thin, lighted tube called a hysteroscope into the uterus through the vagina and cervix, allowing the doctor to examine the inside of the uterus. It is commonly used to diagnose and treat various uterine conditions such as abnormal bleeding, fibroids, polyps, and infertility issues. Pelviscopy, laparoscopy, and colposcopy are different procedures that involve visualizing other areas of the pelvic region, but they do not specifically focus on the uterine cavity like hysteroscopy does.

Webril is the correct answer because it is a type of padding that is made up of smooth and clingy layers. It is commonly used in medical settings for wound care and as a protective layer under casts. Webril provides cushioning and comfort while also adhering well to the skin or other surfaces, making it an ideal choice for padding applications.

After nasal surgery, a moustache dressing is used. This dressing helps to provide support and stability to the nasal area. It is applied over the upper lip and extends up to the base of the nose. The moustache dressing helps to control bleeding, reduce swelling, and protect the surgical site. It also helps to keep the nasal packing in place and provides comfort to the patient during the healing process.

The correct answer is A and B because both copper and stainless steel are known for their high melting points and resistance to heat, making them suitable materials for laser surgery. Silicone, on the other hand, may not have the same level of resistance to heat and may not be as safe for use in laser surgery.

In myringotomy, a procedure to relieve pressure and drain fluid from the middle ear, an alligator forceps is used to place a tube into the tympanic membrane. Alligator forceps are commonly used in surgical procedures to grasp and manipulate delicate tissues. They have a scissor-like design with serrated jaws that can securely grip the tympanic membrane without causing damage. This allows for precise placement of the drainage tube, ensuring effective drainage of fluid from the middle ear.

Vitectomy is the correct answer for treating the opacity of the vitreous humor. Vitectomy is a surgical procedure that involves removing the vitreous humor, the gel-like substance that fills the eye. By removing the vitreous humor, the opacity is eliminated, restoring clear vision. This procedure is commonly performed to treat conditions such as vitreous hemorrhage or floaters caused by vitreous opacities.

The Caldwell-Luc surgery requires an incision under the upper lip above the teeth. This procedure is performed to treat certain conditions in the maxillary sinuses, such as chronic sinusitis or the presence of cysts or tumors. The incision allows access to the maxillary sinuses, which are located in the cheekbones. By creating this incision, the surgeon can remove any obstructions or diseased tissue, and improve the drainage and ventilation of the sinuses.

The correct answer is B and C because both Bioclusive and Opsite are transparent polyurethane films that are used as adherent, occlusive dressings when slight or no drainage is expected. Telfa, on the other hand, is a non-adherent dressing and is not transparent.

An acoustic neuroma is a benign tumor that develops from the eighth cranial nerve. This tumor has the potential to grow to a size that can cause neurological symptoms. It commonly presents with symptoms such as hearing loss, tinnitus, and balance problems. Treatment options for an acoustic neuroma may include observation, surgery, or radiation therapy, depending on the size and symptoms of the tumor.

Scleral buckling is a procedure used to treat retinal detachment. It involves the placement of a silicone band or sponge around the eye, which applies pressure to the sclera (the white part of the eye) and helps reattach the detached retina. This procedure is effective in cases where the retina has detached due to a tear or hole. Trabeculectomy, goniotomy, and vitrectomy are not related to the treatment of retinal detachment, making them incorrect options.

Healon is a drug commonly used as a lubricant and vesicoelastic support during cataract surgery. It helps to maintain separation of tissues and provides a clear view for the surgeon. Healon is a viscoelastic substance that creates space and protects the delicate tissues of the eye during the surgical procedure. It is injected into the eye and helps to maintain the shape of the anterior chamber, making it easier for the surgeon to perform the surgery.

A hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus. This procedure cannot be performed through a pelviscope because a pelviscope is a minimally invasive instrument used for visualizing and performing procedures within the pelvis, specifically through small incisions in the abdomen. However, a hysterectomy typically requires a larger incision in the abdomen or vagina, making it incompatible with the use of a pelviscope.

A nasal snare is a tool commonly used to remove nasal polyps. It is a looped wire that can be tightened around the polyp, allowing for its removal. The other options listed, such as a polyp forceps, antrum rasp, and Coakley curette, are not typically used for the removal of nasal polyps. A Freer elevator is sometimes used in polypectomy procedures, but it is not as commonly used as a nasal snare. Therefore, the correct tool for removing nasal polyps is a nasal snare.

Enucleation refers to the surgical removal of the entire eyeball. This procedure is typically performed in cases of severe eye trauma, tumors, or certain eye diseases. During enucleation, the eye is carefully removed from its socket, including all of its surrounding tissues. After the procedure, an artificial eye (prosthesis) can be fitted to restore the appearance of the eye socket.

Cocaine is the most common topical anesthetic agent used in ENT surgery. It is a powerful local anesthetic that provides rapid and effective numbing of the mucous membranes in the ear, nose, and throat. Its vasoconstrictive properties also help to reduce bleeding during surgery. However, due to its potential for abuse and addiction, the use of cocaine as an anesthetic agent is strictly regulated and controlled. It is only used in medical settings under strict supervision.

Lidocaine 1% is found on a tracheostomy setup to reduce the coughing reflex at tube insertion. Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that can numb the throat and reduce the urge to cough when the tracheostomy tube is being inserted. The lower concentration of 1% is commonly used for this purpose to minimize any potential side effects or complications.

Stainless steel endotracheal tubes can prevent a fire because stainless steel is a non-combustible material. Unlike silicone, latex, and red rubber, which are all flammable materials, stainless steel does not easily ignite or burn when exposed to heat or flames. Therefore, using a stainless steel endotracheal tube reduces the risk of a fire occurring during medical procedures.

Free jejunal tissue transfers are frequently successful as adjunct surgical revisions following laryngoesophagectomy and esophagectomy. This means that using free jejunal tissue transfers as additional surgical procedures after laryngoesophagectomy and esophagectomy is often effective. The success of these transfers can help improve the outcomes of these surgeries and aid in the recovery of the patients.

Tetracaine is the most frequently used topical anesthetic for preoperative ocular instillation. It is a local anesthetic that works by blocking nerve signals in the area where it is applied, providing temporary numbness and pain relief. Tetracaine is commonly used in ophthalmology because it has a rapid onset of action and a longer duration of effect compared to other topical anesthetics. It is well-tolerated and has a low risk of side effects, making it a preferred choice for ocular procedures. Lidocaine and Dorsacaine are also topical anesthetics, but tetracaine is used most frequently in this context.

A sponge that is cotton-filled gauze with a cotton thread attached is commonly used in tonsil surgeries. The cotton-filled gauze helps in absorbing blood and other fluids during the surgery, while the cotton thread allows easy retrieval of the sponge after the procedure. Tonsil surgery involves the removal of tonsils, and this type of sponge is specifically designed for this purpose. It ensures effective absorption and easy handling during the surgery.

A subcuticular suture is a continuous suture technique where the stitches are placed beneath the epidermal layer of the skin in short lateral stitches. This type of suture is used to close surgical wounds in a way that minimizes scarring and provides good cosmetic results. It is commonly used for closing skin incisions that are under tension or require precise alignment. The subcuticular suture technique helps to approximate the wound edges and promote proper healing.

Colorless prep solution may be indicated for plastic surgery because it allows for better visualization of the surgical site. In plastic surgery, precise incisions and sutures are required for optimal cosmetic results. Using a colorless prep solution ensures that the surgeon can clearly see the anatomical structures and make accurate incisions. Additionally, a colorless prep solution reduces the risk of staining the skin or interfering with the appearance of the surgical area, which is particularly important in plastic surgery where aesthetics are a primary concern.

A trifurcate neck incision is done for a radical neck dissection. This procedure involves the removal of lymph nodes and surrounding tissue in the neck to treat or prevent the spread of cancer. The incision is made in a way that allows access to three main areas of the neck, hence the term "trifurcate." This approach provides the surgeon with better visibility and access to the lymph nodes and structures that need to be removed during the procedure.

Cholesteatoma is a condition characterized by the growth of abnormal skin cells in the middle ear. It can lead to hearing loss, dizziness, and recurrent ear infections. Mastoidectomy is the surgical procedure used to remove the infected and damaged mastoid bone, which is often necessary to treat cholesteatoma. This procedure helps to eliminate the infection, prevent its recurrence, and preserve or restore hearing. Tympanoplasty, myringotomy, and stapedectomy are not specifically aimed at treating cholesteatoma and are usually performed for other ear conditions.

Tetracaine is a synthetic local anesthetic that is commonly used in ophthalmology as a surface agent. It is effective on the mucous membrane and helps to numb the area, providing relief from pain and discomfort. Tetracaine is often used during eye examinations, surgeries, and other procedures to ensure patient comfort and minimize any potential discomfort. Miochol, Zolyse, and Dibucaine are not specifically used as surface agents in ophthalmology, making tetracaine the correct answer.

Dilating eye drops are called mydriatics because they are used to dilate the pupil of the eye. This helps to improve the visibility of the back of the eye during certain eye examinations or surgeries. Mydriatics work by relaxing the muscles that control the size of the pupil, allowing it to open wider. This allows more light to enter the eye, making it easier for the healthcare professional to examine the structures at the back of the eye. Miotics, on the other hand, are eye drops that constrict the pupil and are used to treat conditions such as glaucoma. Myopics refer to individuals with nearsightedness, and oxytocics are medications that stimulate uterine contractions during labor.

Hemovac would be utilized to maintain drainage postoperatively in radical neck surgery. Hemovac is a closed suction drainage system that helps remove fluid and prevent the accumulation of blood or other fluids in the surgical site. It consists of a suction bulb connected to a drainage tube that is inserted into the surgical site. The suction bulb creates negative pressure, allowing the drainage to be collected in a reservoir. This helps promote healing and prevent complications such as infection or hematoma formation.

A stent is a medical device that is used to support or hold open a passage or blood vessel. It is inserted into the body and remains in place to provide structural support. The other options mentioned in the question (passive strip closure, Proxi-strip) do not accurately describe a dressing held in place by long suture ends criss-crossed and tied. Therefore, the correct answer is stent.