Umts Signaling Protocols I

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Quizzes Created: 3 | Total Attempts: 478

Questions: 60 | Attempts: 68 | Updated: Jun 5, 2023

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Part I of UMTS Signaling Protocols:
Introduction to ATM Protocol

Questions and Answers

1.

The UMTS network stratum that handles message flows and procedures such as a UE requesting access to www.facebook.com.
- A.
  
  Application Stratum
- B.
  
  Social Stratum
- C.
  
  Access Stratum
- D.
  
  Serving Stratum
Correct Answer
A. Application Stratum

Explanation
The correct answer is Application Stratum. The Application Stratum in the UMTS network handles message flows and procedures related to specific applications, such as a user equipment (UE) requesting access to a specific website like www.facebook.com. This stratum is responsible for managing the communication between the application layer and the underlying network layers, ensuring that the requested application services are provided to the UE.

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2.

The UMTS network stratum that handles message flows and procedures where the UE and the core network sets up a bearer for further purposes.
- A.
  
  Application Stratum
- B.
  
  Access Stratum
- C.
  
  Serving Stratum
- D.
  
  Bearer Stratum
Correct Answer
C. Serving Stratum

Explanation
The serving stratum in the UMTS network is responsible for handling message flows and procedures related to the establishment of a bearer between the user equipment (UE) and the core network. This bearer is set up for further purposes, such as data transmission. The serving stratum ensures the smooth flow of data between the UE and the core network by managing the necessary signaling and control functions.

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3.

This is the UMTS Network Stratum that contains message flows and procedures needed to establish the connection between the MT and the RNC.
- A.
  
  Serving Stratum
- B.
  
  Access Stratum
- C.
  
  Application Stratum
- D.
  
  Signaling Stratum
Correct Answer
B. Access Stratum

Explanation
The Access Stratum is the correct answer because it is the UMTS Network Stratum that contains message flows and procedures needed to establish the connection between the Mobile Terminal (MT) and the Radio Network Controller (RNC). It is responsible for managing the radio resources and providing the necessary signaling and control functions for the establishment and maintenance of the radio link between the MT and the RNC.

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4.

The UE is not connected directly to the core network, but through the Radio Access Network (RAN). As a result, the lower-layer signaling to control the connection is needed to ensure that the higher-layer connections are possible. What do you call this concept?
- A.
  
  Delegation
- B.
  
  Signaling
- C.
  
  Stack
- D.
  
  Partition
Correct Answer
C. Stack

Explanation
The concept being referred to in the given explanation is "Stack". In the context of the question, the stack refers to the layered architecture of protocols and technologies used in the network communication. In this case, the lower-layer signaling is part of the stack that ensures the connection between the UE and the core network is established and maintained.

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5.

It is the process of sending messages to control the activity of the bearer in different network elements.
- A.
  
  Linking
- B.
  
  Signaling
- C.
  
  RAN control
- D.
  
  UMTS control
Correct Answer
B. Signaling

Explanation
Signaling refers to the process of sending messages to control the activity of the bearer in different network elements. This involves the exchange of information between network devices to establish, maintain, and terminate connections. Signaling allows for the coordination and management of network resources, enabling effective communication and control within the network. It plays a crucial role in ensuring the smooth operation and efficient utilization of network resources.

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6.

It carries the user traffic through the network from the mobile to the core network. It is called the traffic channel in GSM. In UMTS, it is a varied bit rate and is allocated depending on the needs of the subscriber. The actual data transported through it is transparent to the network.
- A.
  
  User plane
- B.
  
  Bearer
- C.
  
  Signaling
- D.
  
  Control plane
Correct Answer
B. Bearer

Explanation
The correct answer is Bearer. A bearer carries the user traffic through the network from the mobile to the core network. It is responsible for transporting the actual data and is allocated based on the needs of the subscriber. In GSM, it is known as the traffic channel, while in UMTS, it is a varied bit rate. The data transported through the bearer is transparent to the network.

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7.

Among the horizontal layers of the protocol structure in UTRAN, all UTRAN-related issues are visible in the transport network layer.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
These issues are only visible in the radio network layer.

There are 2 main layers in the horizontal protocol structure:
- Radio network layer
- Transport network layer

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8.

The control plane is used for all 3G specific control signaling.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
The control plane in a 3G network is responsible for handling all the control signaling specific to 3G technology. This includes tasks such as call setup, call release, mobility management, and resource allocation. The control plane ensures that the network functions properly and efficiently by managing the signaling between the user equipment (UE) and the network infrastructure. Therefore, it is correct to say that the control plane is used for all 3G specific control signaling.

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9.

The user plane includes application protocol such as RANAP, RNSAP, and NBAP, and the signaling bearer for transporting the application protocol messages.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
This is done by the control plane.

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10.

The application protocols RANAP, RNSAP and NBAP are used to set up bearers to the UE.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
The statement is true because RANAP (Radio Access Network Application Part), RNSAP (Radio Network Subsystem Application Part), and NBAP (Node B Application Part) are indeed application protocols used in the setup of bearers to the UE (User Equipment). These protocols are used in the 3G (Third Generation) and 4G (Fourth Generation) mobile networks to establish and manage the communication between the radio access network and the core network. They play a crucial role in ensuring the proper functioning and connectivity of the UE.

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11.

The signaling bearer for the application protocol is always set up by O&M actions.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
The statement is true because the signaling bearer, which is responsible for carrying the application protocol messages, is always established and managed by O&M (Operations and Maintenance) actions. O&M actions are necessary to set up and maintain the signaling bearer, ensuring proper communication between the network elements involved in the application protocol.

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12.

Which of the following is used to transport application protocol messages in order to setup beares to the UE?
- A.
  
  Application Protocol
- B.
  
  Radio Access Bearer
- C.
  
  Signaling Bearer
- D.
  
  RRC
Correct Answer
C. Signaling Bearer

Explanation
The correct answer is Signaling Bearer. Signaling bearers are used to transport application protocol messages in order to set up bearers to the UE. These bearers are responsible for carrying signaling traffic between the network and the UE, allowing for the establishment and maintenance of communication sessions. The signaling bearer is separate from the data bearers, which are used to transport user data.

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13.

All the data traffic sent and received by the user, such as coded voice in a voice call or the packets in a Internet connection are transported via the vertical plane called user plane.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
Where else do you want the data to be transported?

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14.

What do you call the generic name for the transport signaling protocols used to set up and tear down transport bearers?
- A.
  
  Access Link Control Application Part
- B.
  
  Radio Link Control Protocol
- C.
  
  Transport Control Protocol
- D.
  
  Radio Access Network Application Part
Correct Answer
A. Access Link Control Application Part

Explanation
Access Link Control Application Part (ALCAP) is the generic name for the transport signaling protocols used to set up and tear down transport bearers. It is responsible for controlling the access link between the Radio Access Network (RAN) and the core network. ALCAP manages the establishment, modification, and release of transport connections, ensuring efficient and reliable communication between the RAN and the core network. It plays a crucial role in the overall functioning of the telecommunications network.

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15.

The transport network control plane is used for all control signaling within the transport network layer. It also has the signaling bearers needed for transport signaling protocols.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that the transport network control plane is indeed used for all control signaling within the transport network layer. It is responsible for managing and controlling the various functions and operations of the transport network. Additionally, it includes the necessary signaling bearers that are required for transport signaling protocols to function effectively. Therefore, the statement "True" accurately represents the role and significance of the transport network control plane.

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16.

Transport bearers for the data bearer in the user plane are set up in the following fashion: 1. ALCAP protocol sets up data bearer that is specific for the user plane technology. 2. As a result, signaling transaction by the application protocol in the control plane in done.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
It is actually the reverse!

First there is signaling transaction by the application protocol in the control plane. This transaction triggers the setup of the data bearer by the ALCAP protocol that is specific for the user plane technology.

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17.

ALCAP may not be used for all types of data bearers. If there is no ALCAP signaling transaction, the transport network control plane is not needed at all. This is the case when preconfigured data bearers are used.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that ALCAP (Access Link Control Application Part) is not used for all types of data bearers. It is only used when there is a need for ALCAP signaling transaction. In cases where preconfigured data bearers are used, there is no need for ALCAP signaling, and therefore the transport network control plane is not needed at all. Hence, the statement "ALCAP may not be used for all types of data bearers" is true.

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18.

1. The signaling bearer for the ALCAP should always be the same type as that for the application protocol for compatibility purposes. 2. The signaling bearer for ALCAP is always set up by O&M.
- A.
  
  Both statements are true
- B.
  
  Both statements are false
- C.
  
  Only the first statement is true
- D.
  
  Only the second statement is true
Correct Answer
D. Only the second statement is true

Explanation
Signaling bearer for the ALCAP does not need to be the same with that of the application protocol.

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19.

1. The data bearer(s) in the user plane and the signaling bearer(s) for the application protocol also belone to the transport network user plane.. 2. The data bearers in the transport network user plane are directly controlled by the transport network control plane.
- A.
  
  Both statements are true
- B.
  
  Both statements are false
- C.
  
  Only the first statement is true
- D.
  
  Only the second statement is true
Correct Answer
A. Both statements are true

Explanation
Both statements are true because the first statement states that the data bearers in the user plane and the signaling bearers for the application protocol belong to the transport network user plane, which is correct. The second statement states that the data bearers in the transport network user plane are directly controlled by the transport network control plane, which is also true. Therefore, both statements are true.

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20.

The user plane of the ATM reference model is responsible for user information transfer and associated controls such as flow control and error control.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
The user plane of the ATM reference model is responsible for the transfer of user information and the controls related to it, such as flow control and error control. This means that it handles the actual transmission of data between users, ensuring that it is transferred correctly and efficiently. Therefore, the statement "True" is correct as it accurately describes the role and responsibility of the user plane in the ATM reference model.

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21.

The management plane of the ATM reference model performs call and connection control functions such as signaling procedures.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
It's the control plane.

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22.

The management plane of the ATM reference model has two components: the layer management and connection management.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
It is layer management and plane management.

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23.

Under management plane of the ATM protocol: 1. the plane management performs management, functions relating to layer's resources and parameters (for instance, OAM information flows. 2. the layer management performs management functions related to the system as a whole.
- A.
  
  Both statements are true
- B.
  
  Both statements are false
- C.
  
  Only the first statement is true
- D.
  
  Only the second statement is true
Correct Answer
B. Both statements are false

Explanation
The truth is the reverse. Interchange plane management and layer management in both sentences.

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24.

In which ATM protocol layer the following sub-layers belong: - Convergence Sublayer (CS) - Segmentation And Reassembly (SAR)
- A.
  
  ATM Adaptation Layer
- B.
  
  ATM Layer
- C.
  
  Physical Layer
- D.
  
  Transport Layer
Correct Answer
A. ATM Adaptation Layer

Explanation
The Convergence Sublayer (CS) and Segmentation And Reassembly (SAR) belong to the ATM Adaptation Layer. The ATM Adaptation Layer is responsible for adapting higher-layer protocols and services to the ATM network. The CS is responsible for mapping higher-layer protocols to ATM, while the SAR is responsible for breaking down and reassembling higher-layer packets into ATM cells.

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25.

In which ATM protocol layer the following sub-layers belong: - Transmission Convergence (TC) - Physical Medium (PM)
- A.
  
  ATM Adaptation Layer
- B.
  
  ATM Layer
- C.
  
  Physical Layer
- D.
  
  Transport Layer
Correct Answer
C. pHysical Layer

Explanation
The Transmission Convergence (TC) and Physical Medium (PM) sub-layers belong to the Physical Layer of the ATM protocol. The Physical Layer is responsible for transmitting raw bits over the physical medium, such as cables or wireless connections. The TC sub-layer handles the conversion between the ATM cell format and the physical medium, while the PM sub-layer deals with the actual physical medium, including the electrical or optical signals used for transmission.

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26.

The ATM layer defines the transmission medium, electrical characteristic, network interfaces, and a signal-encoding scheme.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
It's the ATM physical layer!

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27.

This ATM physical sublayer is responsible for coding, decoding, scrambling, and adaptation to the medium.
- A.
  
  Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer
- B.
  
  Transmission Convergence (TC)
- C.
  
  Convergence Sublayer (CS)
- D.
  
  Segmentation and Reassembly (SAR)
Correct Answer
A. pHysical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer

Explanation
The Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer is responsible for coding, decoding, scrambling, and adapting the ATM data to the specific medium being used for transmission. This sublayer ensures that the data is properly formatted and prepared for transmission over the physical medium, such as fiber optic cables or wireless channels. It handles tasks such as converting digital data into analog signals for transmission, as well as error detection and correction. The PMD sublayer plays a crucial role in ensuring reliable and efficient communication between ATM devices.

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28.

This ATM physical sublayer handles all the processes involved in taking cells to/from the ATM layer, and performs bit rate adaptation, header protection, cell delineation, and adaptation to the physical media structure.
- A.
  
  Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer
- B.
  
  Transmission Convergence (TC)
- C.
  
  Convergence Sublayer (CS)
- D.
  
  Segmentation and Reassembly (SAR)
Correct Answer
B. Transmission Convergence (TC)

Explanation
The correct answer is Transmission Convergence (TC). The explanation for this is that the Transmission Convergence (TC) sublayer is responsible for handling all the processes involved in taking cells to/from the ATM layer. This includes performing bit rate adaptation, header protection, cell delineation, and adaptation to the physical media structure. Therefore, the TC sublayer aligns with the description given in the question.

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29.

This layer in the ATM protocol structure adds the cell header to the 48-byte cell payload after it has been assembled in the AAL, and extracts the header before the cell is delivered to the AAL.
- A.
  
  Physical layer
- B.
  
  ATM layer
- C.
  
  Convergence Sublayer (CS)
- D.
  
  Segmentation and Reassembly (SAR)
Correct Answer
B. ATM layer

Explanation
The ATM layer is responsible for adding the cell header to the 48-byte cell payload after it has been assembled in the AAL. It also extracts the header before the cell is delivered to the AAL. This layer in the ATM protocol structure handles the transmission and routing of cells between different ATM switches and endpoints. It ensures that the cells are properly formatted and delivered to the correct destination.

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30.

1. The ATM Layer translates the values of VCI and VPI at the ATM switches and cross-connects. 2. The ATM Layer provides virtual connections between end points and maintains the contracted QoS by applying a traffic contract procedure at a call setup time.
- A.
  
  Both statements are true
- B.
  
  Both statements are false
- C.
  
  Only the first statement is true
- D.
  
  Only the second statement is true
Correct Answer
A. Both statements are true

Explanation
The first statement is true because the ATM Layer is responsible for translating the values of VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) and VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) at the ATM switches and cross-connects. This translation is necessary for proper routing and switching of ATM cells within the network.

The second statement is also true because the ATM Layer provides virtual connections between end points and maintains the contracted Quality of Service (QoS) by applying a traffic contract procedure at call setup time. This ensures that the agreed-upon QoS parameters, such as bandwidth and delay, are met during the duration of the connection.

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31.

This ATM protocol layer maps user data from higher layer into standard ATM cells to be transported over an ATM network. It also collects information from the ATM cells for delivery to higher layers.
- A.
  
  ATM Physical Layer
- B.
  
  ATM Layer
- C.
  
  ATM Adaptation Layer
- D.
  
  ATM Higher Layer
Correct Answer
C. ATM Adaptation Layer

Explanation
The correct answer is the ATM Adaptation Layer. This layer is responsible for mapping user data from higher layers into standard ATM cells, which can then be transported over an ATM network. Additionally, it collects information from the ATM cells and delivers it to higher layers.

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32.

It provides the AAL service to the higher layer. It performs a variety of functions that depend on the actual service being supported, including clock recovery, compensating for cell delay variation and dealing with other problems introduced by the network (e.g. cell loss)
- A.
  
  Transmission Convergence
- B.
  
  Convergence Sublayer
- C.
  
  Segmentation and Reassembly
- D.
  
  Physical Medium Dependent sublayer
Correct Answer
B. Convergence Sublayer

Explanation
The correct answer is the Convergence Sublayer. The Convergence Sublayer is responsible for providing the AAL (ATM Adaptation Layer) service to the higher layer. It performs various functions depending on the specific service being supported, such as clock recovery, compensating for cell delay variation, and addressing other network-related issues like cell loss.

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33.

It provides segementation of the users' information into 48-byte segments that form the payload field of an ATM cell.
- A.
  
  Transmission Convergence
- B.
  
  Convergence Sublayer
- C.
  
  Segmentation and Reassembly
- D.
  
  Physical Medium Dependent sublayer
Correct Answer
C. Segmentation and Reassembly

Explanation
Segmentation and Reassembly is the correct answer because it refers to the process of dividing the users' information into smaller segments of 48 bytes each, which are then encapsulated into the payload field of an ATM cell. This process allows for efficient transmission of data over the ATM network, as large amounts of information can be divided into manageable segments. The receiving end then reassembles these segments to reconstruct the original data.

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34.

AALs have different types depending on user traffic supported.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
AALs, or ATM Adaptation Layers, are protocols used in ATM networks to adapt different types of user traffic into ATM cells. Each AAL type is designed to support specific types of traffic, such as voice, video, or data. Therefore, it is true that AALs have different types depending on the user traffic they are intended to support.

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35.

It is for constant bit rate (CBR) information, which requires timing synchronization between source and destination. It is appropriate for transporting telephone traffic, uncompressed video traffic and circuit emulation service.
- A.
  
  AAL1
- B.
  
  AAL2
- C.
  
  AAL3/4
- D.
  
  AAL5
Correct Answer
A. AAL1

Explanation
AAL1 (ATM Adaptation Layer 1) is the correct answer because it is specifically designed for constant bit rate (CBR) information, which requires timing synchronization between the source and destination. AAL1 is suitable for transporting telephone traffic, uncompressed video traffic, and circuit emulation service. AAL2, AAL3/4, and AAL5 are other types of ATM Adaptation Layers, but they are not specifically designed for CBR information and may not provide the necessary timing synchronization.

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36.

Is it for variable bit rate (VBR) information, which requires a strict relationship between the transmission and reception clocks. It provides the bandwidth efficient transmission of short, variable length packets in delay-sensitive applications. It multiplexes shor packets from multiple users into one ATM connection.
- A.
  
  AAL1
- B.
  
  AAL2
- C.
  
  AAL3/4
- D.
  
  AAL5
Correct Answer
B. AAL2

Explanation
AAL2 is the correct answer because it is specifically designed for variable bit rate (VBR) information and provides bandwidth efficient transmission of short, variable length packets in delay-sensitive applications. It also multiplexes short packets from multiple users into one ATM connection.

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37.

It has been mainly designed for transporting compressed voice in mobile networks, but will also be used for compressed voice in wireline applications. This AAL is aimed at compressed video, which will vary its bit rate significantly.
- A.
  
  AAL1
- B.
  
  AAL2
- C.
  
  AAL3/4
- D.
  
  AAL5
Correct Answer
B. AAL2

Explanation
AAL2 is the correct answer because it is primarily designed for transporting compressed voice in mobile networks. It can also be used for compressed voice in wireline applications. Additionally, AAL2 is aimed at compressed video, which can have varying bit rates.

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38.

It is for data transmission in a connection-oriented or connectionless mode. This is aimed at VBR info, which has no strict timing relationship between the transmitter and receiver. It is used to transmit Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) packets over an ATM network.
- A.
  
  AAL1
- B.
  
  AAL2
- C.
  
  AAL3/4
- D.
  
  AAL5
Correct Answer
C. AAL3/4

Explanation
AAL3/4 is the correct answer because it is specifically designed for data transmission in a connection-oriented or connectionless mode. It is used for Variable Bit Rate (VBR) information, which does not have a strict timing relationship between the transmitter and receiver. AAL3/4 is also used to transmit Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) packets over an ATM network.

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39.

It supported connection-oriented and connectionless VBR data. No timing relationship is required between the transmitted and receiver. It is used to transfer most non-SMDS data, such as IP over ATM and LAN emulation, signaling channels, and Frame Relay/ATM interworking.
- A.
  
  AAL1
- B.
  
  AAL2
- C.
  
  AAL3/4
- D.
  
  AAL5
Correct Answer
D. AAL5

Explanation
AAL5 is the correct answer because it supports both connection-oriented and connectionless VBR data. It does not require a timing relationship between the transmitter and receiver. AAL5 is commonly used for transferring non-SMDS data, such as IP over ATM and LAN emulation, signaling channels, and Frame Relay/ATM interworking.

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40.

Which of the following is/are used for contant bitrate? (Select all that applies)
- A.
  
  AAL1
- B.
  
  AAL2
- C.
  
  AAL3/4
- D.
  
  AAL5
Correct Answer
A. AAL1

Explanation
AAL1 is used for constant bitrate.

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41.

Which of the following is/are used for synchronized timing between source and destination? (Select all that applies)
- A.
  
  AAL1
- B.
  
  AAL2
- C.
  
  AAL3/4
- D.
  
  AAL5
Correct Answer(s)
A. AAL1
B. AAL2

Explanation
AAL1 and AAL2 are used for synchronized timing between source and destination. These two types of ATM Adaptation Layers (AAL) provide specific mechanisms for timing synchronization, which is important for maintaining the integrity and synchronization of data transmission between the source and destination. AAL3/4 and AAL5, on the other hand, do not have specific mechanisms for synchronized timing.

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42.

Which of the following is/are used for not synchronized timing between source and destination? (Select all that applies)
- A.
  
  AAL1
- B.
  
  AAL2
- C.
  
  AAL3/4
- D.
  
  AAL5
Correct Answer(s)
C. AAL3/4
D. AAL5

Explanation
AAL3/4 and AAL5 are used for not synchronized timing between source and destination. These Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Adaptation Layers allow for the transmission of data without the need for strict synchronization between the sender and receiver. AAL3/4 is designed for connection-oriented variable bit rate services, while AAL5 is used for connection-oriented and connectionless variable bit rate services. Both AAL3/4 and AAL5 provide flexibility in timing and allow for the efficient transmission of data over ATM networks.

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43.

Which of the following is/are used for synchronized timing between source and destination? (Select all that applies)
- A.
  
  AAL1
- B.
  
  AAL2
- C.
  
  AAL3/4
- D.
  
  AAL5
Correct Answer(s)
A. AAL1
B. AAL2

Explanation
AAL1 and AAL2 are used for synchronized timing between source and destination. These two types of ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) provide specific mechanisms for timing synchronization in order to ensure that data is transmitted and received at the correct timing intervals. AAL3/4 and AAL5 do not have built-in timing synchronization mechanisms.

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44.

Which of the following is/are used for connection-oriented only connection mode? (Select all that applies)
- A.
  
  AAL1
- B.
  
  AAL2
- C.
  
  AAL3/4
- D.
  
  AAL5
Correct Answer(s)
A. AAL1
B. AAL2

Explanation
AAL1 and AAL2 are used for connection-oriented only connection mode. This means that these protocols establish a dedicated connection between the sender and receiver before transferring data, ensuring reliable and ordered delivery of packets. AAL3/4 and AAL5, on the other hand, support both connection-oriented and connectionless modes, allowing for more flexibility in data transmission.

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45.

Which of the following is/are used for both connection-oriented and connectionless mode? (Select all that applies)
- A.
  
  AAL1
- B.
  
  AAL2
- C.
  
  AAL3/4
- D.
  
  AAL5
Correct Answer(s)
C. AAL3/4
D. AAL5

Explanation
AAL3/4 and AAL5 are both used for both connection-oriented and connectionless mode. AAL3/4 is used for connection-oriented mode, where a virtual circuit is established between the sender and receiver before data transmission. AAL5 is used for connectionless mode, where data packets are transmitted independently without establishing a virtual circuit. Both AAL3/4 and AAL5 are part of the ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) protocol, which is responsible for adapting different types of data for transmission over an ATM network.

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46.

AAL1 enables low bit rate and delay-sensitive applications to share a single ATM VCC thus improving the network bandwidth utilization and reducing the call establishment time.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
It should be AAL2.

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47.

Which of the following bearers use AAL2 as a transport technology for UMTS Release 99 and Release 4? (Select all that apply)
- A.
  
  Iub
- B.
  
  Iur
- C.
  
  Iu-cs
- D.
  
  Iu-ps
Correct Answer(s)
A. Iub
B. Iur
C. Iu-cs

Explanation
AAL2 (ATM Adaptation Layer 2) is a transport technology used in UMTS Release 99 and Release 4. It is used for carrying voice and data traffic over ATM networks. Among the given options, Iub, Iur, and Iu-cs are the bearers that use AAL2 as a transport technology for UMTS Release 99 and Release 4. Therefore, the correct answer is Iub, Iur, Iu-cs.

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48.

1. The AAL2 layer is multiplexing the transport channels into ATM VCCs as individual AAL2 connections. 2. AAL2 is able to multiplex up to 512 connections into one ATM VCC.
- A.
  
  Both statements are true
- B.
  
  Both statements are false
- C.
  
  Only the first statement is true
- D.
  
  Only the second statement is true
Correct Answer
C. Only the first statement is true

Explanation
AAL2 is able to multiplex up to 248 connections into one ATM VCC.

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49.

Which is true regarding AAL2 cell packing? I. Voice/user data is accumulated into a short packet having a 3-byte header. II. The packet header consists of a channel identification number, packet length, user-to-user indication, and a header error control code. III. Each cell's payload has a one-byte start field to indicate the next packet's starting point, which maximizes the packet packing density in cell assembly for low bit rate voice. IV. The silence compression function on a codec works effectively using AAL2, because in a silent period in a conversation, the short packets do not have to be accumulated into a cell
- A.
  
  I, II, and IV only
- B.
  
  II and IV only
- C.
  
  I, II and III only
- D.
  
  All of the items
Correct Answer
D. All of the items

Explanation
The given answer states that all of the statements are true regarding AAL2 cell packing. According to statement I, voice/user data is accumulated into a short packet with a 3-byte header. Statement II mentions that the packet header consists of various components such as a channel identification number, packet length, user-to-user indication, and a header error control code. Statement III states that each cell's payload has a one-byte start field to indicate the next packet's starting point, which maximizes packet packing density. Finally, statement IV suggests that the silence compression function on a codec works effectively using AAL2 because in a silent period, the short packets do not need to be accumulated into a cell.

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50.

I. AAL2 is especially suitable for carrying voice packets that are produced by speech codecs. II. Longer packet lengths up to 64Kbytes are supported by AAL2.
- A.
  
  Both statements are true
- B.
  
  Both statements are false
- C.
  
  Only the first statement is true
- D.
  
  Only the second statement is true
Correct Answer
A. Both statements are true

Explanation
AAL2 (ATM Adaptation Layer 2) is indeed especially suitable for carrying voice packets that are produced by speech codecs. This is because AAL2 is designed specifically for real-time, low-bit-rate applications like voice and video. It provides efficient segmentation and reassembly of small data units, making it suitable for voice packet transmission. Additionally, AAL2 does support longer packet lengths up to 64Kbytes, which is stated in the second statement. Therefore, both statements are true.

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Umts Signaling Protocols I

The UMTS network stratum that handles message flows and procedures such as a UE requesting access to www.facebook.com.

The UMTS network stratum that handles message flows and procedures where the UE and the core network sets up a bearer for further purposes.

This is the UMTS Network Stratum that contains message flows and procedures needed to establish the connection between the MT and the RNC.

The UE is not connected directly to the core network, but through the Radio Access Network (RAN). As a result, the lower-layer signaling to control the connection is needed to ensure that the higher-layer connections are possible. What do you call this concept?

It is the process of sending messages to control the activity of the bearer in different network elements.

It carries the user traffic through the network from the mobile to the core network. It is called the traffic channel in GSM. In UMTS, it is a varied bit rate and is allocated depending on the needs of the subscriber. The actual data transported through it is transparent to the network.

Among the horizontal layers of the protocol structure in UTRAN, all UTRAN-related issues are visible in the transport network layer.

The control plane is used for all 3G specific control signaling.

The user plane includes application protocol such as RANAP, RNSAP, and NBAP, and the signaling bearer for transporting the application protocol messages.

The application protocols RANAP, RNSAP and NBAP are used to set up bearers to the UE.

The signaling bearer for the application protocol is always set up by O&M actions.

Which of the following is used to transport application protocol messages in order to setup beares to the UE?

All the data traffic sent and received by the user, such as coded voice in a voice call or the packets in a Internet connection are transported via the vertical plane called user plane.

What do you call the generic name for the transport signaling protocols used to set up and tear down transport bearers?

The transport network control plane is used for all control signaling within the transport network layer. It also has the signaling bearers needed for transport signaling protocols.

Transport bearers for the data bearer in the user plane are set up in the following fashion: 1. ALCAP protocol sets up data bearer that is specific for the user plane technology. 2. As a result, signaling transaction by the application protocol in the control plane in done.

ALCAP may not be used for all types of data bearers. If there is no ALCAP signaling transaction, the transport network control plane is not needed at all. This is the case when preconfigured data bearers are used.

1. The signaling bearer for the ALCAP should always be the same type as that for the application protocol for compatibility purposes. 2. The signaling bearer for ALCAP is always set up by O&M.

1. The data bearer(s) in the user plane and the signaling bearer(s) for the application protocol also belone to the transport network user plane.. 2. The data bearers in the transport network user plane are directly controlled by the transport network control plane.

The user plane of the ATM reference model is responsible for user information transfer and associated controls such as flow control and error control.

The management plane of the ATM reference model performs call and connection control functions such as signaling procedures.

The management plane of the ATM reference model has two components: the layer management and connection management.

Under management plane of the ATM protocol: 1. the plane management performs management, functions relating to layer's resources and parameters (for instance, OAM information flows. 2. the layer management performs management functions related to the system as a whole.

In which ATM protocol layer the following sub-layers belong: - Convergence Sublayer (CS) - Segmentation And Reassembly (SAR)

In which ATM protocol layer the following sub-layers belong: - Transmission Convergence (TC) - Physical Medium (PM)

The ATM layer defines the transmission medium, electrical characteristic, network interfaces, and a signal-encoding scheme.

This ATM physical sublayer is responsible for coding, decoding, scrambling, and adaptation to the medium.

This ATM physical sublayer handles all the processes involved in taking cells to/from the ATM layer, and performs bit rate adaptation, header protection, cell delineation, and adaptation to the physical media structure.

This layer in the ATM protocol structure adds the cell header to the 48-byte cell payload after it has been assembled in the AAL, and extracts the header before the cell is delivered to the AAL.

1. The ATM Layer translates the values of VCI and VPI at the ATM switches and cross-connects. 2. The ATM Layer provides virtual connections between end points and maintains the contracted QoS by applying a traffic contract procedure at a call setup time.

This ATM protocol layer maps user data from higher layer into standard ATM cells to be transported over an ATM network. It also collects information from the ATM cells for delivery to higher layers.

It provides the AAL service to the higher layer. It performs a variety of functions that depend on the actual service being supported, including clock recovery, compensating for cell delay variation and dealing with other problems introduced by the network (e.g. cell loss)

It provides segementation of the users' information into 48-byte segments that form the payload field of an ATM cell.

AALs have different types depending on user traffic supported.

It is for constant bit rate (CBR) information, which requires timing synchronization between source and destination. It is appropriate for transporting telephone traffic, uncompressed video traffic and circuit emulation service.

It has been mainly designed for transporting compressed voice in mobile networks, but will also be used for compressed voice in wireline applications. This AAL is aimed at compressed video, which will vary its bit rate significantly.

It is for data transmission in a connection-oriented or connectionless mode. This is aimed at VBR info, which has no strict timing relationship between the transmitter and receiver. It is used to transmit Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) packets over an ATM network.

It supported connection-oriented and connectionless VBR data. No timing relationship is required between the transmitted and receiver. It is used to transfer most non-SMDS data, such as IP over ATM and LAN emulation, signaling channels, and Frame Relay/ATM interworking.

Which of the following is/are used for contant bitrate? (Select all that applies)

Which of the following is/are used for synchronized timing between source and destination? (Select all that applies)

Which of the following is/are used for not synchronized timing between source and destination? (Select all that applies)

Which of the following is/are used for synchronized timing between source and destination? (Select all that applies)

Which of the following is/are used for connection-oriented only connection mode? (Select all that applies)

Which of the following is/are used for both connection-oriented and connectionless mode? (Select all that applies)

AAL1 enables low bit rate and delay-sensitive applications to share a single ATM VCC thus improving the network bandwidth utilization and reducing the call establishment time.

Which of the following bearers use AAL2 as a transport technology for UMTS Release 99 and Release 4? (Select all that apply)

1. The AAL2 layer is multiplexing the transport channels into ATM VCCs as individual AAL2 connections. 2. AAL2 is able to multiplex up to 512 connections into one ATM VCC.

I. AAL2 is especially suitable for carrying voice packets that are produced by speech codecs. II. Longer packet lengths up to 64Kbytes are supported by AAL2.