1.
In computing MACRS depreciation, salvage value is ignored.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
In MACRS (Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System) depreciation, the salvage value is indeed ignored. MACRS is a method used in the United States to determine the depreciation deductions for tax purposes. It assumes that an asset has no salvage value at the end of its useful life, meaning it is fully depreciated. This allows for a faster depreciation deduction over a shorter period of time, resulting in a larger tax benefit for the taxpayer. Therefore, the correct answer is true.
2.
Deductions for business gifts are limited to what amount per individual each year?
Correct Answer
A. 25
Explanation
The deductions for business gifts are limited to $25 per individual each year. This means that businesses can only deduct up to $25 for each gift they give to an individual as a business expense. Any amount beyond $25 will not be eligible for deduction.
3.
Amortization is
Correct Answer
D. None of the above
Explanation
The term used to describe this is "depletion."
4.
The portion of an employee's salary deemed "unreasonable" may be considered a dividend distribution to an employee that is also a shareholder of the corporation.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
If an employee's salary is deemed "unreasonable," it means that it exceeds what would be considered fair or justifiable for the work performed. In such cases, this excessive portion of the salary may be treated as a dividend distribution to the employee, particularly if they are also a shareholder of the corporation. This means that the excess amount is being paid out to the employee as a form of profit sharing, similar to how dividends are distributed to shareholders. Therefore, the statement "The portion of an employee's salary deemed 'unreasonable' may be considered a dividend distribution to an employee that is also a shareholder of the corporation" is true.
5.
Personal expenses are only deductible if the tax laws specifically state that they are.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Personal expenses are only deductible if the tax laws specifically state that they are. This means that individuals can only claim deductions for their personal expenses if the tax laws explicitly allow them to do so. If the tax laws do not mention or allow for the deduction of personal expenses, then individuals cannot deduct them from their taxable income. Therefore, the statement "Personal expenses are only deductible if the tax laws specifically state that they are" is true.
6.
A self-employed attorney uses a country club to entertain clients and spends the following amounts at the club:
Annual dues$1,000 Personal meals 1,500 Business meals 2,500
Correct Answer
D. 2500
Explanation
In this scenario, the self-employed attorney can deduct the expenses related to business meals and entertainment but not personal expenses.
So, the deductible amount is the sum of business meals and entertainment expenses:
$2,500 (Business meals)
Therefore, the deductible amount is $2,500.
7.
If a taxpayer has two places of business in different areas, the IRS usually considers the following factors in determining the taxpayer's principal place of business: (Choose the wrong answer.)
Correct Answer
B. Taxpayer's preference for principal place of business
Explanation
The IRS does not consider the taxpayer's preference for the principal place of business when determining it. Instead, they consider factors such as the amount of time spent at each location, the degree of business activity at each location, and the amount of income generated at each location.
8.
Prepaid interest payments can be deducted in the year of payment regardless of whether the taxpayer uses the cash method or accrual method of accounting.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Prepaid interest payments cannot be deducted in the year of payment regardless of the taxpayer's accounting method. The deduction for prepaid interest is generally spread out over the life of the loan or the period to which the interest applies. Therefore, taxpayers must allocate the prepaid interest expense over the applicable period rather than deducting it all in the year of payment.
9.
Percentage depletion is computed without regard to the adjusted basis of the property being depleted.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Percentage depletion is a tax deduction method used for natural resource properties, such as oil wells or mines. It allows the taxpayer to deduct a certain percentage of the gross income generated from the property. Unlike cost depletion, which considers the adjusted basis of the property, percentage depletion is calculated based solely on the gross income. Therefore, the statement that percentage depletion is computed without regard to the adjusted basis of the property being depleted is true.
10.
Travel expenses must be incurred by a taxpayer while away from home. To the IRS, the term "away from home" means:
Correct Answer
A. Away from home overnight
Explanation
The term "away from home" according to the IRS means being away from one's usual place of residence for at least one night. This means that in order for travel expenses to be deductible, the taxpayer must spend at least one night away from their home.
11.
Last year, a corporation purchased an office building for $220,000, of which $30,000 was allocated to the land on which the building was located. The building's salvage value was estimated to be $50,000. The corporation's current year depreciation deduction for the building is:
Correct Answer
D. 4872
Explanation
The land is not depreciable. Subtracting this cost leaves $190,000 as of the cost of the building. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over 39 years, and ignoring salvage value: $190,000 / 39 = $4,872.
12.
Business depreciable property placed in service prior to what year is not eligible for ACRS depreciation?
Correct Answer
B. 1981
Explanation
ACRS came into existence in 1981.
13.
During 2011, a corporation purchased machinery costing $450,000 and a warehouse costing $600,000. These are the only two acquisitions of depreciable property purchased by the corporation in 2011. The maximum deduction the corporation can claim under Code Sec. 179 in 2011 is:
Correct Answer
B. $450,000
Explanation
The Section 179 deduction is limited to $500,000 in 2011 or $450,000 in this case. It is reduced to the extent that acquisitions of eligible personal property exceed $2,000,000.
14.
Nonbusiness bad debts are deductible:
Correct Answer
C. As short-term capital losses.
Explanation
Nonbusiness bad debts are debts that are not related to a taxpayer's trade or business. These debts can be deducted as short-term capital losses when they become wholly or partially worthless. This means that if a taxpayer lends money to someone for nonbusiness reasons and the debtor is unable to repay the debt, the taxpayer can claim a deduction for the amount of the debt as a short-term capital loss. This deduction can help offset any capital gains the taxpayer may have, reducing their overall tax liability. Therefore, the correct answer is "as short-term capital losses."
15.
For tax purposes, the term "research and experimentation expenditures" includes which of the following:
Correct Answer
C. Development of a plant process
Explanation
The term "research and experimentation expenditures" for tax purposes includes the development of a plant process. This means that any expenses incurred in the research and development of a new or improved plant process can be considered as research and experimentation expenditures for tax purposes. This can include costs related to designing, testing, and refining the plant process. However, efficiency surveys, management studies, and advertising expenses are not considered as research and experimentation expenditures for tax purposes.
16.
A calendar-year corporation incurs $63,000 of start-up costs. If the corporation began business on August 1 of the current year, what is the maximum amount of the start-up costs that it can deduct against business income in the current year?
Correct Answer
D. $8,556
Explanation
Taxpayers are allowed $10,000 in the first year, plus amortization of the remaining balance over 180 months. The $10,000 is reduced, however, by the amount by which start-up costs exceed $60,000. Thus, in this case, the corporation may deduct $7,000 plus ($56,000 / 180 months x 5 months) = $8,556.
17.
A taxpayer can claim a transportation deduction equal to 50 cents per mile traveled in a passenger automobile for business purposes.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
For 2010, the mileage allowance is 50 cents per mile.
For 2011, the mileage allowance is 51 cents per mile.
18.
A taxpayer can claim a transportation deduction equal to 50 cents per mile traveled in a passenger automobile for business purposes.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
A taxpayer cannot claim a transportation deduction equal to 50 cents per mile traveled in a passenger automobile for business purposes. The current standard mileage rate for business use of a car is 56 cents per mile in 2021, as determined by the IRS. Therefore, the statement that a taxpayer can claim a deduction of 50 cents per mile is false.
19.
Employment-related expenses of employees are:
Correct Answer
B. Allowed as trade or business tax deductions
Explanation
Employment-related expenses of employees are allowed as trade or business tax deductions. This means that employers can deduct these expenses from their taxable income, reducing their overall tax liability. These expenses may include items such as employee salaries, wages, benefits, and other costs directly related to the employment of individuals. By allowing these deductions, the tax code recognizes the costs incurred by businesses in employing workers and provides a means for them to offset these expenses.
20.
A 50 percent deduction is allowed for amounts paid or incurred for dues and fees paid to social, athletic, sporting, or country clubs.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
No deduction is allowed for amounts paid or incurred for dues and fees paid to social, athletic, sporting, or country clubs.
21.
If a taxpayer is married on the last day of the tax year, a joint return must be filed in order to claim a dependent care credit.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
If a taxpayer is married on the last day of the tax year, they must file a joint return in order to claim a dependent care credit. This is because the dependent care credit is only available to married couples filing jointly, and cannot be claimed on separate returns. Therefore, if the taxpayer is married, they must file a joint return to be eligible for the credit.
22.
Which of the following is allowed when computing AMTI for individuals?
Correct Answer
B. Charitable contributions
Explanation
When computing AMTI (Alternative Minimum Taxable Income) for individuals, charitable contributions are allowed. This means that individuals can deduct the amount they have donated to qualified charitable organizations from their AMTI. This deduction helps to reduce their overall tax liability. The other options, such as standard deduction and personal exemptions, are not allowed when computing AMTI.
23.
Although a work opportunity credit usually is available only for qualified first-year wages, qualified second-year wages paid to a long-term family recipient can qualify for the credit.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement is true because it states that qualified second-year wages paid to a long-term family recipient can qualify for the work opportunity credit. This means that even in the second year of employment, if the wages are paid to a long-term family recipient, they can still be eligible for the credit.
24.
Unused general business credits can be:
Correct Answer
B. Carried back one year and carried forward 20 years
Explanation
Unused general business credits can be carried back one year and carried forward 20 years. This means that if a business has unused credits in a particular year, they can apply those credits to reduce their tax liability for the previous year. Additionally, if they still have unused credits after carrying them back, they can carry them forward for up to 20 years to offset future tax liabilities. This allows businesses to potentially benefit from credits that they were unable to fully utilize in a given year.
25.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the accrual method of accounting for tax purposes?
Correct Answer
B. Revenue and expenses are recognized at the time they are actually incurred, regardless of when the cash transactions occur.
Explanation
The accrual method of accounting recognizes income and expenses when they are earned or incurred, not when the associated cash is exchanged. This method provides a more accurate financial picture than the cash basis accounting method, which recognizes revenue and expenses only when cash is exchanged. The accrual method is typically required for larger businesses and for all corporations that carry inventory.
26.
The general business credit is subject to recapture only if disposition of the property results in an ordinary income.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement is false because the general business credit is subject to recapture regardless of whether the disposition of the property results in ordinary income or not. Recapture occurs when the property is disposed of or ceases to be used in a qualifying manner, and it requires the taxpayer to repay a portion of the credit previously claimed. Therefore, the correct answer is false.
27.
Carlton Corporation's 2011 general business credit exceeded its 2011 income tax liability. The resultant general business credit:
Correct Answer
D. May be carried back one year and carried forward 20 years
Explanation
The general business credit that exceeds the income tax liability can be carried back one year and carried forward for up to 20 years. This means that the excess credit can be used to offset the income tax liability from the previous year, and any remaining credit can be carried forward and applied against future income tax liabilities for up to 20 years. This allows the company to effectively utilize the excess credit over a longer period of time.
28.
The differences between MACRS depreciation and depreciation allowed for computing AMT results in a permanent difference between taxable income and AMTI.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
MACRS depreciation refers to the depreciation method used for tax purposes, while depreciation allowed for computing AMT (Alternative Minimum Tax) refers to the depreciation method used for calculating the AMT. These two methods can result in different depreciation deductions, leading to a permanent difference between taxable income (calculated using MACRS) and AMTI (calculated using depreciation allowed for computing AMT). This difference affects the amount of tax owed, making the statement true.
29.
Certain individuals can get a refundable tax credit of 40 percent of earned income.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
This statement is true. Certain individuals can indeed get a refundable tax credit of 40 percent of their earned income. This means that they can receive a refund even if they have no tax liability or if the credit exceeds the amount of taxes owed.
30.
What is the maximum amount that Mr. and Mrs. Jones, both over 65, may take as a credit for the elderly before the income tax limitation, assuming that they have gross income of $23,000 and adjusted gross income of $21,500?
Correct Answer
B. 20
Explanation
The maximum base amount must be reduced by one-half of the adjusted gross income over $10,000.
Maximum base amount $7,500
Less: 1/2 of adjusted gross income over $10,000 5,750
Balance available for credit $1,750
Credit rate x 15%
Credit for the elderly $ 263
The credit is limited to the tax liability of $20 [($21,500 - $13,900 - $7,400 = $200) x 10%].
31.
Wages paid to workers who either live or work in an empowerment zone or in a renewal community qualify for the empowerment zone and renewal community employment credit.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Only wages paid to workers who both live and work in an empowerment zone or in a renewal community qualify for the empowerment zone and renewal community employement credit.
32.
The excess of percentage depletion over cost depletion is a tax preference item for purposes of computing AMT.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
For purposes of computing AMT, excess percentage depletion refers to the excess of percentage depletion over the taxpayer's adjusted basis in property.
33.
The employer's wage deduction is reduced by the amount of work opportunity credit claimed.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The work opportunity credit is a tax credit that employers can claim for hiring individuals from certain targeted groups who have faced barriers to employment. This credit reduces the employer's tax liability. Therefore, if an employer claims the work opportunity credit, their wage deduction will be reduced by the amount of the credit claimed. This means that the employer will have a lower deduction for wages paid to employees, resulting in a higher taxable income.
34.
Taxpayers may elect to carry forward unused general business credit for 10 years rather than back one year and forward 20 years.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
General business credits must be carried back first.
35.
Transportation costs for a child between the taxpayer's household and the child care location are allowable child care expenses.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Transportation costs for a child between the taxpayer's household and the child care location are not allowable child care expenses.
36.
The minimum tax credit:
Correct Answer
C. B and C
Explanation
The minimum tax credit allows the amount of Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) paid by a corporation in one year to be carried forward indefinitely as an offset against regular tax liability in subsequent years. Therefore, both options B and C are correct.
37.
What is the earned income credit allowed Don Andersen assuming he has adjusted gross income of $8,500 and earned income of $5,000? He maintains a household for his daughter.
Correct Answer
C. 1,700
Explanation
The earned income credit is based on earned income up to $9,100 but reduced by adjusted gross income over $16,690. $5,000 x 34% = $1,700 earned income credit.
38.
Foreign income taxes paid to a foreign country may be claimed as a credit against United States income tax or deducted as an itemized deduction.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Foreign income taxes paid to a foreign country can be claimed as a credit against United States income tax or deducted as an itemized deduction. This means that individuals who have paid taxes on their foreign income can either reduce their US tax liability by claiming a credit for the amount of foreign taxes paid or choose to deduct the foreign taxes as an itemized deduction on their US tax return. Therefore, the statement is true.
39.
A married taxpayer is required to file a joint return in all circumstances in order to be eligible for the earned income credit.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
A married taxpayer is not required to file a joint return in all circumstances in order to be eligible for the earned income credit. While filing a joint return can potentially increase the amount of the earned income credit, married taxpayers may also be eligible for the credit if they file separate returns. The eligibility criteria for the earned income credit are based on factors such as income, filing status, and the number of qualifying children.
40.
Sam and Betty Taylor maintain a home and they have two children. Their earned income was $10,000 and adjusted gross income was $11,000. They file a joint return. What is the amount, if any, of their earned income tax credit for the year?
Correct Answer
C. 4000
Explanation
The earned income credit is based on earned income up to $12,780 but reduced by adjusted gross income over $21,770. $10,000 x 40% = $4,000 earned income credit.
41.
Job-seeking expenses are not deductible if an individual is looking for work in a new trade or business.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Expenses related to job-seeking are not deductible if an individual is searching for work in a new trade or business. This means that if someone is looking for a job in a different industry or field, they cannot claim deductions for expenses incurred during their job search. However, if someone is looking for a job in the same trade or business, they may be eligible to deduct certain expenses, such as resume preparation or travel costs for interviews.
42.
Ad valorem personal property taxes are allowed as an itemized deduction.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Ad valorem personal property taxes refer to taxes that are based on the value of personal property, such as vehicles or boats. These taxes can be deducted as an itemized deduction on a person's tax return. Therefore, the statement is true.
43.
Malcolm Moore, single, had medical expenses of $5,000 last year and took a $3,000 deduction. He was reimbursed $4,500 this year by his insurance company. His total itemized deductions last year were $12,000. What amount must he include in this year's tax return as gross income?
Correct Answer
C. 3000
Explanation
The amount that must be included in income is the lesser of the reimbursement or the excess itemized deductions for the previous year.
44.
An individual who pledged $500 to the church to be paid next year is allowed a charitable contribution deduction in the year pledged.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
An individual who pledged $500 to the church to be paid next year is not allowed a charitable contribution deduction in the year pledged. Charitable contribution deductions can only be claimed in the year that the donation is actually made, not in the year that it is pledged. Therefore, the correct answer is False.
45.
Itemized deductions only reduce taxable income if the taxpayer's itemized deductions exceed the standard deduction amount.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Itemized deductions refer to specific expenses that can be deducted from a taxpayer's taxable income, such as medical expenses, mortgage interest, and charitable contributions. These deductions are only beneficial if they exceed the standard deduction amount, which is a fixed amount that can be deducted by all taxpayers regardless of their expenses. Therefore, if a taxpayer's itemized deductions are less than or equal to the standard deduction amount, it would be more advantageous for them to take the standard deduction instead. Hence, the statement is true.
46.
Which one of the following is not deductible when itemizing?
Correct Answer
B. Cigarette tax
Explanation
Cigarette tax is not deductible when itemizing. This is because the IRS only allows deductions for certain taxes, such as state income tax and real property tax. Cigarette tax is not considered a deductible tax expense. Therefore, it cannot be claimed as a deduction when itemizing expenses.
47.
Federal income taxes paid are deductible as an itemized deduction on an individual's federal income tax return.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Federal income taxes paid are not deductible as an itemized deduction on an individual's federal income tax return. However, there are some state and local income taxes that may be deductible if you itemize your deductions on your federal tax return, but the federal income tax itself is not deductible. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) that went into effect in 2018 eliminated the deduction for most state and local taxes, including state and local income taxes, for federal tax purposes. It's essential to consult a tax professional or the most current IRS guidelines for specific tax advice and rules, as tax laws can change over time.
48.
Vitamin pills taken daily for general health are a qualified medical expense
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Vitamin pills taken daily for general health are not considered qualified medical expenses. Qualified medical expenses are expenses that are necessary for the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a specific medical condition. While vitamins and supplements may be beneficial for overall health, they are not considered necessary for the treatment or prevention of a specific medical condition and therefore do not qualify as a medical expense.
49.
Medical expenses recovered after being claimed as a deduction in the previous year must be included in income in the year of recovery to the extent that the deduction decreased taxable income in the year they were deducted.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
If medical expenses were claimed as a deduction in the previous year, they must be included in income in the year of recovery. This is because the deduction decreased taxable income in the year they were deducted, so it is only fair to include them as income when they are recovered. Therefore, the statement is true.
50.
All theft losses must be deducted in the year in which the theft actually occurred.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The correct answer is False. Theft losses can be deducted in the year they are discovered, not necessarily in the year the theft occurred. This is known as the "year of discovery" rule.