Test Design Techniques I

1. Given the following state transition table Which of the test cases below will cover the following series of state transitions? S1 SO S1 S2 SO

D, A, B, C.

A, B, C, D.

D, A, B.

A, B, C.

The correct answer is D, A, B, C. This sequence of test cases will cover the series of state transitions S1 SO S1 S2 SO. Test case D will cover the transition from the initial state S1 to the final state SO. Test case A will cover the transition from SO back to S1. Test case B will cover the transition from S1 to S2. And test case C will cover the transition from S2 back to SO.

Explanation

The correct answer is D, A, B, C. This sequence of test cases will cover the series of state transitions S1 SO S1 S2 SO. Test case D will cover the transition from the initial state S1 to the final state SO. Test case A will cover the transition from SO back to S1. Test case B will cover the transition from S1 to S2. And test case C will cover the transition from S2 back to SO.

2. Given the following state transition diagram Which of the following series of state transitions contains an INVALID transition which may indicate a fault in the system design?

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Explanation

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3. A wholesaler sells printer cartridges. The minimum order quantity is 5. There is a 20% discount for orders of 100 or more printer cartridges. You have been asked to prepare test cases using various values for the number of printer cartridges ordered. Which of the following groups contain three test inputs that would be generated using Boundary Value Analysis?

5, 6, 20

4, 5, 80

4, 5, 99

1, 20, 100

The correct answer is 4, 5, 99 because it represents three different boundary values for the number of printer cartridges ordered. The first value, 4, represents the minimum order quantity, while the second value, 5, represents the boundary between the minimum order quantity and a larger order. The third value, 99, represents a value just below the threshold for the 20% discount, which is 100 cartridges. These three test inputs cover the different boundaries and help ensure that the system behaves correctly in these specific scenarios.

Explanation

The correct answer is 4, 5, 99 because it represents three different boundary values for the number of printer cartridges ordered. The first value, 4, represents the minimum order quantity, while the second value, 5, represents the boundary between the minimum order quantity and a larger order. The third value, 99, represents a value just below the threshold for the 20% discount, which is 100 cartridges. These three test inputs cover the different boundaries and help ensure that the system behaves correctly in these specific scenarios.

4. Purpose of test design technique is

Identifying test conditions only, not Identifying test cases

Not Identifying test conditions, Identifying test cases only

Identifying test conditions or Identifying test cases

Identifying test conditions and Identifying test cases

The purpose of a test design technique is to identify both test conditions and test cases. Test conditions are the specific factors or attributes that need to be tested, while test cases are the specific inputs, actions, or events that are used to test those conditions. By using a test design technique, testers can systematically identify and create both the test conditions and the corresponding test cases that will be used to verify the functionality and quality of the software being tested.

Explanation

The purpose of a test design technique is to identify both test conditions and test cases. Test conditions are the specific factors or attributes that need to be tested, while test cases are the specific inputs, actions, or events that are used to test those conditions. By using a test design technique, testers can systematically identify and create both the test conditions and the corresponding test cases that will be used to verify the functionality and quality of the software being tested.

5. A thermometer measures temperature in whole degrees only. If the temperature falls below 18 degrees, the heating is switched off. It is switched on again when the temperature reaches 21 degrees. What are the best values in degrees to cover all equivalence partitions?

17,18 and19.

15,19 and 25.

18, 20 and 22.

16, 26 and 32.

The best values to cover all equivalence partitions would be 15, 19, and 25. These values cover the ranges below 18 degrees (15), between 18 and 21 degrees (19), and above 21 degrees (25). By selecting these values, we can ensure that all possible temperature scenarios are accounted for and that the functioning of the heating system is properly tested.

Explanation

The best values to cover all equivalence partitions would be 15, 19, and 25. These values cover the ranges below 18 degrees (15), between 18 and 21 degrees (19), and above 21 degrees (25). By selecting these values, we can ensure that all possible temperature scenarios are accounted for and that the functioning of the heating system is properly tested.

6. Which of the following is MOST characteristic of specification based (black-box) techniques?

Test cases can be easily automated.

Test cases are independent of each other.

Test cases are derived systematically from models of the system

Test cases are derived systematically from the delivered code

Specification based (black-box) techniques involve deriving test cases systematically from models of the system. This means that the test cases are based on the specifications or requirements of the system, rather than the actual code implementation. This allows for a more systematic and structured approach to testing, as the focus is on ensuring that the system behaves according to the specified requirements. This characteristic also makes it easier to automate the test cases, as they can be generated based on the models without the need to understand the underlying code.

Explanation

Specification based (black-box) techniques involve deriving test cases systematically from models of the system. This means that the test cases are based on the specifications or requirements of the system, rather than the actual code implementation. This allows for a more systematic and structured approach to testing, as the focus is on ensuring that the system behaves according to the specified requirements. This characteristic also makes it easier to automate the test cases, as they can be generated based on the models without the need to understand the underlying code.

7. Which of the following defines the expected results of a test?

Test design specification.

Test procedure specification.

Test case specification.

Test results.

The expected results of a test are defined in the test case specification. This document outlines the specific inputs, actions, and expected outcomes for each test case. It provides detailed instructions for executing the test and determining whether the system under test is functioning correctly. The test case specification serves as a guide for testers to ensure that they are conducting the test accurately and consistently, and it also helps stakeholders understand the expected outcomes and evaluate the success of the testing process.

Explanation

The expected results of a test are defined in the test case specification. This document outlines the specific inputs, actions, and expected outcomes for each test case. It provides detailed instructions for executing the test and determining whether the system under test is functioning correctly. The test case specification serves as a guide for testers to ensure that they are conducting the test accurately and consistently, and it also helps stakeholders understand the expected outcomes and evaluate the success of the testing process.