Test Of Chapter : 1(Matter In Our Surroundings)

Matter is a substance that has mass and occupies space. This means that matter is made up of particles that have physical properties such as mass, and these particles are arranged in a way that takes up space. Therefore, matter cannot exist without mass and cannot exist without occupying space.

The characteristics mentioned in the question are all true for particles of matter. Particles of matter are continuously moving, as they possess kinetic energy. They also have space between them, which allows for the existence of different states of matter (solid, liquid, gas). Additionally, particles of matter attract each other through various forces such as gravity or electromagnetic forces. Therefore, all of the given statements accurately describe the characteristics of particles that make up matter.

The temperature at which solids melt into liquids is called the melting point. This is the specific temperature at which the solid undergoes a phase change and transitions into a liquid state. It is an important characteristic property of substances and can vary depending on the substance. The boiling point refers to the temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas, while the freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid. Therefore, the correct answer is "Melting point".

The states of matter can be changed by either changing the temperature or changing the pressure. When the temperature of a substance is increased or decreased, it can undergo a phase change, such as from a solid to a liquid or from a liquid to a gas. Similarly, altering the pressure can also cause a substance to change its state, for example, compressing a gas can cause it to liquefy. Therefore, both temperature and pressure have the ability to modify the state of matter.

Air has no definite volume because it is a gas and can expand or contract to fill the space available to it. Unlike liquids or solids, which have a fixed volume, the volume of air can change depending on the pressure and temperature conditions. This property allows air to be easily compressed or expanded, making it different from the other options listed.

Cotton clothing is well-known for being breathable and for its ability to absorb moisture, making it comfortable to wear in various weather conditions. This property helps keep the wearer cool in hot weather and warm when it's cold.

As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of particles also increases. This causes the particles to move faster and have more collisions with each other. Therefore, the statement "As temperature increases, particles of matter move faster" is true.

In solids, the inter-particle force of attraction is maximum because the particles are closely packed together and have strong bonds between them. This results in a strong cohesive force, which keeps the particles in a fixed position and gives solids their definite shape and volume. In gases, the inter-particle force of attraction is minimum because the particles are far apart and have weak bonds or no bonds at all. This allows gases to easily change shape and volume, as the particles can move freely.

Evaporation always causes cooling because when a liquid evaporates, the molecules with the highest kinetic energy escape from the surface, leaving behind the molecules with lower kinetic energy. This results in a decrease in the average kinetic energy of the remaining molecules, causing a cooling effect.

Evaporation is the process by which a liquid changes into a gas. The rate of evaporation is influenced by various factors. The given answer states that evaporation does not depend on wind. This is not true because wind plays a significant role in the process of evaporation. Wind helps in removing the water vapor molecules from the surface, increasing the rate of evaporation. Therefore, the statement that evaporation doesn't depend on wind is incorrect.

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The correct answer is "Latent heat of fusion". This term refers to the amount of heat energy required to change a substance from a solid state to a liquid state at its melting point temperature, without changing its temperature. It is called "latent" because this heat is hidden or absorbed by the substance during the phase change, and does not result in a change in temperature.

Lightning is a type of plasma state of matter. Plasma is a highly ionized gas where the atoms have been stripped of their electrons. Lightning occurs when there is a large build-up of electrical charge in the atmosphere, causing a discharge of electricity through the air. This discharge creates a plasma channel, which is visible as a bolt of lightning. Plasma is often referred to as the fourth state of matter, distinct from solid, liquid, and gas, due to its unique properties such as conductivity and the ability to generate electromagnetic fields.

All of the substances mentioned in the question - camphor, ammonium chloride, and naphthalene balls - exhibit sublimation. Sublimation is the process in which a solid directly changes into a gas without going through the liquid phase. In the case of these substances, they can undergo sublimation when heated, transitioning from a solid to a gas without melting into a liquid first. Therefore, all three substances mentioned demonstrate sublimation.

The movement of particles of matter is minimum in solids because the particles are closely packed and have limited freedom to move. In liquids, the particles have more freedom to move and can slide past each other, resulting in more movement. In gases, the particles have maximum freedom of movement as they are widely spaced and can move freely in all directions. Therefore, all of the above options are correct as they describe the varying degrees of movement of particles in different states of matter.

Absolute temperature refers to the temperature measured on the Kelvin scale, which starts at absolute zero. Absolute zero is the point at which all molecular motion ceases, and it is equivalent to 0 Kelvin or -273.15 degrees Celsius. Therefore, both option 2 (0 Kelvin) and option 3 (-273.15 degrees Celsius) represent absolute temperature.

To convert Celsius to Kelvin, you need to add 273.15 to the Celsius temperature. In this case, when you add 273.15 to -71 degrees Celsius, you get 202.15 Kelvin. However, since Kelvin is only measured to two decimal places, the answer is rounded down to 202 K.