Trophoblastic Disease Aka Molar Pregnancies / Ob/GYN
OB / GYN Quiz
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Molar pregnancies may be complete, partial, invasive, or malignant.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Molar pregnancies can indeed be classified into different types: complete, partial, invasive, or malignant. A complete molar pregnancy occurs when there is an abnormal fertilization of an empty egg, resulting in the absence of a fetus. In a partial molar pregnancy, there is a fetus present, but it is usually malformed and unable to survive. Invasive molar pregnancies involve the abnormal growth of placental tissue into the uterine wall, while malignant molar pregnancies can develop into a rare form of cancer called gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Molar pregnancies are thought to be caused by a complication of ____________.
Correct Answer
fertilizationExplanation
Molar pregnancies occur when there is an abnormal fertilization process. In a normal pregnancy, a sperm fertilizes an egg, resulting in the development of a healthy embryo. However, in a molar pregnancy, there is an issue during fertilization, leading to the formation of abnormal tissue growth instead of a normal embryo. This abnormal fertilization can be caused by various factors, such as genetic abnormalities or errors in the fertilization process itself.Rate this question:
- 3.
Trophoblast are cells of the embryo that become ________, are cells that become ______, and are cells biopsied during CVS.
Correct Answer
placenta, hCGExplanation
Trophoblast cells are a crucial part of the embryo that develop into the placenta. They are responsible for establishing a connection between the embryo and the mother's uterus, providing nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus. Additionally, trophoblast cells produce human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a hormone that is detected in pregnancy tests and plays a role in maintaining pregnancy. These cells are also biopsied during chorionic villus sampling (CVS), a prenatal test used to detect genetic disorders in the fetus.Rate this question:
- 4.
Abnormalities during fertilization may be caused by: 1) sperm fertilizes an _______ egg or 2) _____(#) sperm fertilize _____(#) egg.
Correct Answer
empty, 2, 1Explanation
Abnormalities during fertilization can occur when an empty egg is fertilized by a sperm, or when two sperm fertilize one egg. These abnormalities can result in genetic disorders or developmental issues in the resulting embryo or fetus.Rate this question:
- 5.
Check all that cause a "complete" molar pregnancy:
- A.
Placenta grows and produces hCG
- B.
Some fetal compnents
- C.
Sperm fertilizes empty egg
- D.
Two sperm fertilize one egg
- E.
No fetus is formed
Correct Answer(s)
A. Placenta grows and produces hCG
C. Sperm fertilizes empty egg
E. No fetus is formedExplanation
In a complete molar pregnancy, an egg without genetic material is fertilized by sperm, leading to the growth of abnormal placental tissue but no fetus. This condition is marked by high hCG levels and no fetal development, distinguishable from partial moles where some fetal tissue may also be present.Rate this question:
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- 6.
This is a range of benign and malignant diseases arising from excessive proliferation of trophoblastic tissue.
Correct Answer(s)
trophoblastic disease
molar pregnancyExplanation
Trophoblastic disease refers to a group of conditions characterized by abnormal growth of cells in the tissue that forms the placenta during pregnancy. Molar pregnancy, also known as a hydatidiform mole, is a specific type of trophoblastic disease where there is an overgrowth of placental tissue. Both trophoblastic disease and molar pregnancy involve excessive proliferation of trophoblastic tissue, leading to various benign and malignant diseases. Therefore, the correct answer includes both trophoblastic disease and molar pregnancy.Rate this question:
- 7.
When two sperm fertilize one egg, this creates an abnormal fetus and an abnormal _________.
Correct Answer(s)
placentaExplanation
When two sperm fertilize one egg, it results in a condition called dispermic fertilization or polyspermy. This abnormal fertilization leads to the formation of an abnormal fetus and an abnormal placenta. The placenta is responsible for providing nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus, so any abnormalities in its formation can have detrimental effects on the pregnancy.Rate this question:
- 8.
Two sperm fertilize one egg --> check all that apply:
- A.
No fetus
- B.
Some fetal components
- C.
"partial" mole
- D.
Placenta grows and produces hCG
- E.
Creates triploid fetus
- F.
Abnormal fetus and placenta
Correct Answer(s)
B. Some fetal components
C. "partial" mole
E. Creates triploid fetus
F. Abnormal fetus and placentaExplanation
When two sperm fertilize one egg, it can result in the development of some fetal components because both sperm contribute genetic material to the embryo. This can also lead to the formation of a "partial" mole, which is an abnormal growth of tissue in the uterus. Additionally, the presence of two sperm can result in a triploid fetus, meaning it has three sets of chromosomes instead of the usual two. This abnormal chromosomal makeup can cause the fetus and placenta to develop abnormally. Therefore, the correct answer options are some fetal components, "partial" mole, creates triploid fetus, and abnormal fetus and placenta.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Check all that apply to the clinical findings of Trophoblastic Disease AKA Molar Pregnancies:
- A.
Hyperemesis gravidarum
- B.
Rapid enlargement of uterus
- C.
Grossly elevated hCG levels
- D.
Uterine bleeding in 1st trimester
- E.
Theca lutein cysts
- F.
Early onset of pre-eclampsia
- G.
Expulsion of vesicles
Correct Answer(s)
A. Hyperemesis gravidarum
B. Rapid enlargement of uterus
C. Grossly elevated hCG levels
D. Uterine bleeding in 1st trimester
E. Theca lutein cysts
F. Early onset of pre-eclampsia
G. Expulsion of vesiclesExplanation
Trophoblastic Disease, also known as Molar Pregnancies, can present with several clinical findings. Hyperemesis gravidarum, which is severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, can be seen in patients with Molar Pregnancies. Rapid enlargement of the uterus is also a characteristic finding. Molar Pregnancies often result in grossly elevated levels of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), a hormone produced during pregnancy. Uterine bleeding in the first trimester is another common clinical finding. Theca lutein cysts, which are ovarian cysts, can be present in patients with Molar Pregnancies. Early onset of pre-eclampsia, a condition characterized by high blood pressure and organ damage during pregnancy, can also be seen. Finally, expulsion of vesicles, which are grape-like clusters of tissue, can occur in Molar Pregnancies.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Hydatidiform mole, is a form of gestational trophoblastic disease, which may be ________ or ________.
Correct Answer(s)
complete, partialExplanation
Hydatidiform mole is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease that can be either complete or partial. A complete hydatidiform mole occurs when there is an abnormal fertilization of an empty egg, resulting in the absence of fetal tissue. In contrast, a partial hydatidiform mole is characterized by the presence of some fetal tissue along with abnormal placental development. Both types of hydatidiform mole require medical attention and monitoring to ensure proper management and prevent complications.Rate this question:
- 11.
This is the most common form of gestational trophoblastic disease. It is characterized by trophoblastic hyperplasia, villous edema, abnormal villous vasculature, or absence of embryo. This is the result of fertilization of an empty oocyte by a single sperm with duplication of paternal material. What is this referred to as?
Correct Answer(s)
complete mole
complete hydatidiform moleExplanation
The correct answer is "complete mole" or "complete hydatidiform mole". This is the most common form of gestational trophoblastic disease, characterized by trophoblastic hyperplasia, villous edema, abnormal villous vasculature, or absence of embryo. It occurs when an empty oocyte is fertilized by a single sperm with duplication of paternal material.Rate this question:
- 12.
An invasive mole is also known as ______________ destruens.
Correct Answer(s)
chorioadenomaExplanation
An invasive mole is also known as chorioadenoma destruens.Rate this question:
- 13.
An invasive mole is invasive, __________, non-metastatic form of gestational trophoblastic disease.
Correct Answer(s)
malignantExplanation
An invasive mole is a malignant form of gestational trophoblastic disease that is invasive and non-metastatic. This means that it has the potential to invade and spread to nearby tissues, but it does not typically spread to distant parts of the body.Rate this question:
- 14.
Chorioadenoma destruens is the penetration of the hydatidiform mole into the ____________. it may penetrate the uterine wall and lead to life-threatening __________ and may require a hysterectomy.
Correct Answer(s)
myometrium, hemorrhageExplanation
Chorioadenoma destruens is a condition where a hydatidiform mole, a type of abnormal pregnancy, penetrates the myometrium, which is the muscular layer of the uterus. This penetration can cause severe hemorrhage, leading to life-threatening complications. In some cases, a hysterectomy may be necessary to stop the bleeding and remove the affected tissue.Rate this question:
- 15.
This type of mole is the result of one set of maternal chromosomes and two sets of paternal chromosomes.
Correct Answer(s)
partialExplanation
This answer is correct because a partial mole is a type of mole that is formed when there is an extra set of paternal chromosomes and only one set of maternal chromosomes. This results in an abnormal embryo that cannot develop into a viable fetus.Rate this question:
- 16.
A partial mole is characterized by the presence of a ____ or fetal parts, referred to as a _________ fetus, and villous edema.
Correct Answer(s)
fetus, triploidExplanation
A partial mole is characterized by the presence of a fetus or fetal parts, referred to as a triploid fetus, and villous edema. In a partial mole, there is an abnormal fertilization event where two sperm fertilize one egg, resulting in an extra set of chromosomes. This leads to the presence of triploid (three sets of chromosomes) fetal tissue, which is a distinguishing feature of a partial mole. Additionally, villous edema, which is the swelling of the placental tissue, is also seen in a partial mole.Rate this question:
- 17.
A partial mole may be visualized sonographically as an enlarged placenta containing cystic spaces or you may see a small fetus with defects or fetal parts.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
A partial mole is a type of abnormal pregnancy where there is an abnormal growth of placental tissue. This can be visualized on a sonogram as an enlarged placenta with cystic spaces. Additionally, a partial mole may also present with a small fetus with defects or missing fetal parts. Therefore, the given statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 18.
This is the result of a twin pregnancy with normal development of one fetus and placenta & molar degeneration of the other ovum.
Correct Answer
mole with co-existent fetusExplanation
The given answer suggests that the result is a mole with a co-existent fetus. This means that the pregnancy involves one fetus that is developing normally, while the other ovum has undergone molar degeneration. This condition occurs in twin pregnancies where one fetus develops normally and the other is a molar pregnancy, which is characterized by abnormal growth of placental tissue.Rate this question:
- 19.
Risk factor of trophoblastic disease:
- A.
Over 40
- B.
Low economic status
- C.
Previous molar pregnancy
- D.
Women living in far eastern countries
- E.
Diets deficient in protein and folic acid
- F.
30 or younger
Correct Answer(s)
A. Over 40
B. Low economic status
C. Previous molar pregnancy
D. Women living in far eastern countries
E. Diets deficient in protein and folic acidExplanation
The risk factors for trophoblastic disease include being over 40 years old, having a low economic status, having a previous molar pregnancy, living in far eastern countries, and having diets deficient in protein and folic acid. These factors increase the likelihood of developing trophoblastic disease.Rate this question:
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- 20.
This is the malignant, metastatic form of gestational trophoblastic disease; occurs 1:40,000 pregnancies:
Correct Answer(s)
choriocarcinomaExplanation
Choriocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive form of gestational trophoblastic disease that occurs in approximately 1 out of 40,000 pregnancies. It is characterized by the rapid growth and spread of abnormal cells in the placenta. Choriocarcinoma can metastasize to other parts of the body, such as the lungs, liver, or brain, making it a malignant condition. Due to its aggressive nature, early detection and prompt treatment are crucial for a favorable outcome.Rate this question:
- 21.
The metastatic sites for choriocarcinoma are :
Correct Answer(s)
lung, liver, brainExplanation
Choriocarcinoma is a type of cancer that originates in the placenta during pregnancy. It has a high tendency to metastasize, spreading to other parts of the body. The most common metastatic sites for choriocarcinoma are the lung, liver, and brain. This is because these organs have a rich blood supply, allowing cancer cells to easily travel and establish new tumors. The spread of choriocarcinoma to these sites can cause various symptoms and complications, and early detection and treatment are crucial for improving patient outcomes.Rate this question:
- 22.
Check all that apply to the treatment of molar pregnancies:
- A.
Frequent follow ups
- B.
Evacuation of molar pregnancy
- C.
Radiation
- D.
Possible chemotherapy
- E.
Serial hCG levels
Correct Answer(s)
A. Frequent follow ups
B. Evacuation of molar pregnancy
D. Possible chemotherapy
E. Serial hCG levelsExplanation
The treatment of molar pregnancies involves frequent follow-ups to monitor the patient's condition and ensure that any complications are promptly addressed. Evacuation of the molar pregnancy is necessary to remove the abnormal tissue from the uterus. Possible chemotherapy may be recommended to further eliminate any remaining abnormal cells and reduce the risk of recurrence. Serial hCG levels are monitored to track the levels of the pregnancy hormone, which can indicate the success of the treatment and the absence of any remaining abnormal tissue.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Sonographic appearance of molar pregnancy in the 1st trimester:
- A.
Bilateral theca lutein cyst
- B.
Echogenic complex mass in uterine cavity
- C.
Differential dx: blighted ovum
- D.
Identification may be difficult within 1st trimester
Correct Answer(s)
A. Bilateral theca lutein cyst
B. Echogenic complex mass in uterine cavity
C. Differential dx: blighted ovum
D. Identification may be difficult within 1st trimesterExplanation
The correct answer includes the sonographic appearance of a molar pregnancy in the first trimester. It mentions that there may be bilateral theca lutein cysts, which are enlarged ovarian cysts caused by high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). It also states that there may be an echogenic complex mass in the uterine cavity, which refers to a mass with increased echoes on ultrasound. The answer also mentions the differential diagnosis of a blighted ovum, which is a gestational sac that fails to develop an embryo. Lastly, it notes that identifying a molar pregnancy may be difficult within the first trimester.Rate this question:
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- 24.
In the 2nd trimester, molar pregnancy has a " ___________" appearance.
Correct Answer(s)
snowflakeExplanation
In the 2nd trimester, a molar pregnancy has a "snowflake" appearance. This suggests that the ultrasound image of the molar pregnancy resembles the intricate and delicate pattern of a snowflake. This description is commonly used to describe the appearance of molar pregnancies on ultrasound scans, indicating the presence of abnormal growth of placental tissue.Rate this question:
- 25.
In the 2nd trimester, molar pregnancy is visualized as a _________ mass filling the uterine cavity, studded with small ________ spaces representing hydropic chorionic villi; bilateral _____ ______ cysts are visualized, as well as an ______ of a fetus or fetal parts.
Correct Answer(s)
complex, cystic, theca lutein, absenceExplanation
In the 2nd trimester, molar pregnancy is visualized as a complex mass filling the uterine cavity, studded with small cystic spaces representing hydropic chorionic villi; bilateral theca lutein cysts are visualized, as well as an absence of a fetus or fetal parts.Rate this question:
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Apr 17, 2024Quiz Edited by
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Jan 10, 2011Quiz Created by
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