Try Out Ujian Nasional Biologi 2011
- 1.
Keanekaragaman hayati tingkat gen dapat ditunjukkan pada variasi tumbuhan berikut ....
- A.
Warna bunga mawar – warna bunga melati
- B.
Daging buah kelapa kopyor – daging buah kelapa gading
- C.
Tinggi batang mawar - bunga melati
- D.
Tinggi batang kelapa hijau – tinggi batang aren
- E.
Batang pemanjat tanaman sirih – batang pendek tanaman nanas
Correct Answer
B. Daging buah kelapa kopyor – daging buah kelapa gadingExplanation
The correct answer is Daging buah kelapa kopyor - daging buah kelapa gading. This is because the variation in the flesh of the coconut fruit, with kopyor having a different texture and taste compared to gading, demonstrates the genetic diversity at the level of genes.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Berikut ini merupakan penyebab hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati, kecuali ....
- A.
Keseimbangan lingkungan
- B.
Perubahan iklim global
- C.
Pencemaran tanah dan air
- D.
Introduksi species
- E.
Fragmentasi dan hilangnya habitat
Correct Answer
A. Keseimbangan lingkunganExplanation
Keseimbangan lingkungan tidak dapat menjadi penyebab hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati. Sebaliknya, keseimbangan lingkungan berperan penting dalam menjaga keanekaragaman hayati. Keseimbangan lingkungan mencakup interaksi antara berbagai faktor biotik dan abiotik yang memungkinkan kehidupan beragam spesies. Faktor-faktor lain seperti perubahan iklim global, pencemaran tanah dan air, introduksi spesies, dan fragmentasi serta hilangnya habitat dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada keseimbangan lingkungan dan menyebabkan hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Bila kawasan hutan dijadikan sebagai tempat pemukiman maka akan terjadi hal-hal berikut, kecuali ….
- A.
Berkurangnya sember mata air pada musim kemarau di tempat pemukiman
- B.
Terjadi banjir kiriman di daerah pemukiman yang lebih rendah pada musim penghujan
- C.
Terjadi keseimbangan sumber mata air antara musim kemarau dengan musim penghujan
- D.
Terjadi perubahan iklim mikro di daerah pemukinan
- E.
Sumber mata air di daerah pemukiman menjadi keruh pada musim penghujan
Correct Answer
C. Terjadi keseimbangan sumber mata air antara musim kemarau dengan musim penghujanExplanation
When forest areas are converted into settlements, several negative consequences can occur. These include a decrease in the availability of spring water during the dry season in the settlement area, the occurrence of floodwaters in lower areas during the rainy season, changes in microclimate in the settlement area, and the water source in the settlement area becoming turbid during the rainy season. However, the one thing that would not happen is the balance of water sources between the dry season and the rainy season.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Beberapa ciri hewan protozoa antara lain:
- Tubuhnya mempunyai bulu getar
- Alat untuk bergerak berupa bulu cambuk
- Mempunyai dua buah inti
- Berkembangbiak secara membelah dan konjugasi
- Mempunyai bintik mata
- A.
1, 2, 3
- B.
1, 2, 4
- C.
1, 3, 4
- D.
2, 3, 4
- E.
2, 3, 5
Correct Answer
B. 1, 2, 4Explanation
The correct answer is 1, 2, 4. This is because ciliates, which are a type of protozoa, have certain characteristics that differentiate them from other protozoa. They have a body covered in cilia or hair-like projections (characteristic 1), they use these cilia for movement (characteristic 2), and they reproduce through binary fission and conjugation (characteristic 4). Therefore, options 1, 2, and 4 are the correct choices.Rate this question:
- 5.
Nama bakteri yang berperan pada reaksi nomor 1 dan nomor 2 untuk reaksi kimia di bawah ini adalah ....
- A.
Nitrosomonas dan Nitrococus
- B.
Nitrobacter dan Nitrosomonas
- C.
Nitrobacter dan Nitrococcus
- D.
Nitrococcus dan Nitrosomonas
- E.
Nitrosomonas dan Nitrobacter
Correct Answer
E. Nitrosomonas dan NitrobacterExplanation
Nitrosomonas dan Nitrobacter adalah bakteri yang terlibat dalam siklus nitrogen. Nitrosomonas bertanggung jawab untuk mengubah amonia menjadi nitrit dalam reaksi nomor 1, sedangkan Nitrobacter mengubah nitrit menjadi nitrat dalam reaksi nomor 2. Kedua bakteri ini bekerja secara sinergis dalam proses nitrifikasi, yang merupakan bagian penting dari siklus nitrogen di alam.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Berdasarkan gambar bagan daur hidup pertumbuhan paku di bawah ini, protalium ditunjukkan oleh gambar nomor....
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
- E.
5
Correct Answer
D. 4Explanation
Based on the given life cycle diagram of fern growth, the protalium stage is represented by the image number 4.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Berdasarkan gambar di samping, zigot yang akan berkembang menjadi embrio merupakan hasil peleburan antara...
- A.
Inti 2 dan 7
- B.
Inti 1 dan 8
- C.
Inti 2 dan 5
- D.
Inti 3 dan 6
- E.
Inti 3 dan 4
Correct Answer
A. Inti 2 dan 7 -
- 8.
Bagian yang ditunjukan oleh nomor 1, 2, 3, dan 4 pada gambar siklus hidup Coelenterata (Obelia sp)di bawah ini, masing-masing adalah ….
- A.
Blastula, larva planula, koloni baru, dan zigot
- B.
Zigot, morula, larva planula, dan koloni baru
- C.
Larva planula, blastula, koloni baru, dan zigot
- D.
Koloni baru, zigot, blastula, dan larva planula
- E.
Zigot, larva planula, koloni baru, dan blastula
Correct Answer
B. Zigot, morula, larva planula, dan koloni baruExplanation
The correct answer is Zigot, morula, larva planula, dan koloni baru. This is the correct answer because it follows the correct sequence of the life cycle of Coelenterata (Obelia sp). The life cycle starts with the formation of a zygote, which then develops into a morula. The morula then transforms into a larva planula, which eventually forms a new colony. Therefore, the correct sequence is zigot, morula, larva planula, and koloni baru.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Perhatikan ciri-ciri organisme vertebrata berikut :
- Fertilisasi internal
- Alat gerak atas berupa sayap
- Jantung beruang empat
- Memiliki sepasang ovarium
- Tubuh ditutupi bulu
- Bertelur/ ovipar
- A.
1,2
- B.
2,3
- C.
3,5
- D.
4,6
- E.
2,5
Correct Answer
E. 2,5Explanation
The correct answer is 2,5. This is because characteristics 2 and 5 are specific to birds (class Aves). The presence of wings as upper limbs (characteristic 2) and the presence of feathers covering the body (characteristic 5) are unique to birds and not found in other vertebrates.Rate this question:
- 10.
Salah satu kemakmuran Peru adalah adanya timbunan kotoran burung di laut yang dinamakan guano. Jika terjadi pengambilan guano yang berlebihan maka akan menimbulkan ….
- A.
Berkurangnya populasi burung, bertambahnya plankton
- B.
Bertambahnya populasi burung, berkurangnya guano
- C.
Populasi semua organisme yang terlibat terjadi penambahan
- D.
Berkurangnya plankton, berkurangnya populasi ikan dan burung
- E.
Tidak terjadi perubahan apapun
Correct Answer
D. Berkurangnya plankton, berkurangnya populasi ikan dan burungExplanation
Guano is a source of nutrients for plankton, which is the primary food source for fish and birds. If there is excessive extraction of guano, it can lead to a decrease in plankton population. This, in turn, will result in a decrease in the population of fish and birds, as they rely on plankton for their survival. Therefore, the correct answer is "Berkurangnya plankton, berkurangnya populasi ikan dan burung."Rate this question:
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- 11.
Berdasarkan gambar siklus karbon di bawah ini, proses yang terjadi pada nomor 1, 2, dan 6 masing-masing adalah ....
- A.
Oksidasi, dekomposisi, dan respirasi
- B.
Respirasi, asimilasi, dan ekskresi
- C.
Asimilasi, respirasi, dan dekomposisi
- D.
Fotosintesis, asimilasi, dan ekskresi
- E.
Fotosintesis, dekomposisi, dan respirasi
Correct Answer
C. Asimilasi, respirasi, dan dekomposisiExplanation
The correct answer is Asimilasi, respirasi, dan dekomposisi. Based on the given carbon cycle diagram, process number 1 represents assimilation, process number 2 represents respiration, and process number 6 represents decomposition. Assimilation is the process by which plants and other organisms incorporate carbon into their tissues. Respiration is the process by which organisms release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. Decomposition is the process by which organic matter is broken down by bacteria and fungi, releasing carbon back into the soil or atmosphere.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Suhu rata-rata global pada permukaan bumi telah meningkat 0,74 + 0,18 oC selama seratus tahun terakhir. Hasil analisis lingkungan sebagai berikut :
- Penurunan permukaan air laut
- Atmosfer diselimuti gas karbon dioksida
- Berkurangnya volume es di kutub
- Eutrofikasi sungai dan danau
- Volume ozon di atmosfer berkurang
- Efek rumah kaca
- A.
1,2 dan 5
- B.
1,3 dan 6
- C.
2,3, dan 4
- D.
2,3 dan 6
- E.
3,4 dan 5
Correct Answer
D. 2,3 dan 6Explanation
The factors that are closely related to the increase in surface temperature of the earth are the decrease in the volume of polar ice (2), the decrease in the volume of ozone in the atmosphere (3), and the greenhouse effect (6). The decrease in polar ice leads to less reflection of sunlight, causing more heat to be absorbed by the earth's surface. The decrease in ozone allows more ultraviolet radiation to reach the earth's surface, which contributes to warming. The greenhouse effect is caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere, trapping heat and causing a rise in temperature.Rate this question:
- 13.
Perhatikan gambar membran sel dibawah ini ! Glikoprotein, glikolipid, protein integral, dan kolesterol secara berturut-turut ditunjukan oleh nomor...
- A.
1, 2, 3, 5
- B.
1, 2, 5, 3
- C.
1, 2, 5, 4
- D.
2, 3, 4, 5
- E.
2, 4, 5, 3
Correct Answer
E. 2, 4, 5, 3Explanation
The correct answer is 2, 4, 5, 3. This is because glikoprotein is indicated by number 2, glikolipid by number 4, protein integral by number 5, and kolesterol by number 3.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Organel berupa saluran halus dalam sitoplasma yang berbatas sistem membran dan erat kaitannya dengan sistem transport pada sintesis protein, adalah ….
- A.
Ribosom
- B.
Retikulum endoplasma
- C.
Plasmodesmata
- D.
Badan golgi
- E.
Lisosom
Correct Answer
B. Retikulum endoplasmaExplanation
The correct answer is Retikulum endoplasma. The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranous tubules and sacs found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It is involved in various cellular processes, including the synthesis and transport of proteins. The rough endoplasmic reticulum, which is studded with ribosomes, is responsible for protein synthesis, while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification of drugs. Therefore, the endoplasmic reticulum is a fine network of membranous channels that is closely associated with the protein synthesis and transport system in the cell.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Fungsi jaringan berlabel X pada gambar penampang melintang batang di bawah ini, adalah …
- A.
Penyokong dan penguat
- B.
Mengangkut hasil fotosintesis
- C.
Menunjang jaringan yang lain
- D.
Pelindung jaringan yang lain
- E.
Mengangkut air dan garam mineral
Correct Answer
E. Mengangkut air dan garam mineralExplanation
The correct answer is "Mengangkut air dan garam mineral". This is because the function of the labeled X network in the cross-sectional image of the stem is to transport water and mineral salts.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Gerakan lengan bawah seperti yang ditunjukan pada gambar di samping disebabkan oleh aktivitas otot ….
- A.
Supinasi – pronasi
- B.
Adduksi - abduksi
- C.
Elevasi - depresi
- D.
Fleksi - ekstensi
- E.
Inversi - eversi
Correct Answer
A. Supinasi – pronasiExplanation
The correct answer is Supinasi - pronasi. Supinasi is the movement of the forearm where the palm is turned upward or facing forward, while pronasi is the movement of the forearm where the palm is turned downward or facing backward. These movements are primarily controlled by the muscles in the forearm, specifically the supinator and pronator teres muscles.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Pada skema pembekuan darah berikut ini, X dan Y adalah....
- A.
Fibrin dan vit K
- B.
Protein plasma dan ion Ca2+
- C.
Thrombin dan fibrin
- D.
Vit K dan hemoglobin
- E.
Fibrin dan thrombin
Correct Answer
C. Thrombin dan fibrinExplanation
Thrombin and fibrin are involved in the process of blood clotting. Thrombin is an enzyme that converts fibrinogen, a soluble protein in plasma, into fibrin, which forms a mesh-like structure to create a blood clot. This clotting process is essential for stopping bleeding and promoting wound healing. Therefore, the correct answer is thrombin and fibrin.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Perhatikan tabel di bawah ini ! Hubungan yang benar antara organ, enzim, serta fungsinya dari pencernaan ditunjukan oleh nomor ….
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
- E.
5
Correct Answer
A. 1Explanation
The correct answer is 1. The table provided likely contains information about the relationship between organs, enzymes, and their functions in digestion. The number 1 in the answer indicates that the correct information can be found in the first row or column of the table.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Salah satu gangguan dalam sistem pernafasan pada manusia adalah asfiksi. Asfiksi disebabkan oleh ....
- A.
Pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening di trakea
- B.
Radang pembuluh nadi sebelah atas rongga hidung
- C.
Pembengkakan kelenjar limfe rongga hidung
- D.
Sukar bernafas karena kekejangan pada trakea
- E.
Gangguan pengangkutan O2 ke jaringan
Correct Answer
E. Gangguan pengangkutan O2 ke jaringanExplanation
Asfiksi is a respiratory disorder caused by the disruption of oxygen (O2) transportation to the body tissues. This can occur due to various reasons such as blockage or constriction of the trachea, inflammation of the upper nasal blood vessels, swelling of the lymph glands in the nasal cavity, or any other condition that hinders the proper delivery of oxygen to the tissues.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Perhatikan struktur nefron di bawah ini ! Secara berurutan nomor 1-2-3-4-5 adalah ....
- A.
Kapsula bowman-glomerulus-tubulus proksimal-tubulus distal-henle
- B.
Glomerulus-kapsula bowman-tubulus distal-henle-tubulus kolektifus
- C.
Badan malpigi-tubulus proksimal-henle-tubulus distal-tubulus kolektifus
- D.
Glomerulus-kapsula bowman-tubulus proksimal-henle-tubulus kolektifus
- E.
Glomerulus-kapsula bowman-tubulus distal-henle-tubulus proksimal
Correct Answer
D. Glomerulus-kapsula bowman-tubulus proksimal-henle-tubulus kolektifusExplanation
The correct answer is Glomerulus-kapsula bowman-tubulus proksimal-henle-tubulus kolektifus. This is the correct order of the structures in a nephron. The glomerulus is the first structure where blood is filtered, followed by the Bowman's capsule which collects the filtrate. The proximal tubule then reabsorbs important substances from the filtrate, followed by the loop of Henle which further concentrates the filtrate. Finally, the distal tubule and collecting ducts regulate the final composition of the urine before it is excreted.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Perhatikan gambar di bawah ini ! Urutan jalannya cahaya yang ditangkap oleh mata kita pada proses melihat suatu benda adalah melalui 6, 4, 5, 3, 2 dan 1. Bagian-bagian tersebut secara berurutan adalah ....
- A.
Pupil, lensa, vitreous humor,retina, kornea dan aquus humor
- B.
Vitreous humor, retina, kornea, aquus humor, pupil dan lensa
- C.
Retina, kornea, aquus humor, pupil, lensa dan vitreous humor
- D.
Kornea, aquos humor, pupil, lensa, vitreous humor dan retina
- E.
Aquos humor, pupil, lensa. vitreous humor, retina dan kornea
Correct Answer
D. Kornea, aquos humor, pupil, lensa, vitreous humor dan retinaExplanation
The correct answer is "Kornea, aquos humor, pupil, lensa, vitreous humor dan retina". This is the correct order of the path of light that is captured by our eyes when we see an object. The light first enters through the cornea, then passes through the aqueous humor, which is the clear fluid in the front of the eye. Next, it reaches the pupil, which is the opening in the center of the iris. The lens then focuses the light onto the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. Finally, the light reaches the vitreous humor, which is the gel-like substance that fills the back of the eye, before being processed by the retina.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Hubungan antara estrogen dengan proses ovulasi adalah ….
- A.
Merangsang hipofisis untuk mensekresikan LH yang menyebabkan folikel pecah
- B.
Merangsang folikel untuk menghasilkan progesteron yang tinggi sehingga folikel pecah
- C.
Menyebabkan corpus luteum menghasilkan progesterone yang menyebabkan folikel pecah
- D.
Merangsang hipofisis untuk mensekresikan FSH yang akan menyebabkan folikel pecah
- E.
Merangsang folikel untuk menghasilkan LH dan FSH sehingga folikel tumbuh
Correct Answer
A. Merangsang hipofisis untuk mensekresikan LH yang menyebabkan folikel pecahExplanation
Estrogen stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete LH (luteinizing hormone), which is responsible for causing the follicle to rupture. This leads to ovulation, the release of the mature egg from the ovary.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Tabel di samping adalah hasil percobaan siswa tentang pertumbuhan kecambah kacang hijau dengan intensitas cahaya yang berbeda selama 7 hari pengamatan Berdasarkan data tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ….
- A.
Pertumbuhan tidak memerlukan cahaya
- B.
Cahaya merupakan faktor yang tidak diperlukan
- C.
Di tempat gelap pertumbuhan lebih cepat
- D.
Cahaya diperlukan sedikit untuk pertumbuhan
- E.
Pertumbuhan berbanding lurus dengan kenaikkan intensitas cahaya
Correct Answer
C. Di tempat gelap pertumbuhan lebih cepatExplanation
Based on the data, it can be concluded that the growth of green bean sprouts is faster in a dark place.Rate this question:
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.jpg "Berdasarkan gambar di samping, zigot yang akan berkembang menjadi embrio merupakan hasil peleburan antara...")
.jpg "Berdasarkan gambar siklus karbon di bawah ini, proses yang terjadi pada nomor 1, 2, dan 6 masing-masing adalah ....")
.jpg "Fungsi jaringan berlabel X pada gambar penampang melintang batang di bawah ini, adalah …")
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