1.
What is most leading cause of leptomeningeal carcinostamosis in children?
Correct Answer
B. Leukemia
Explanation
Breast CA is the leading cause for adults, followed by lung CA
2.
What is definitive presentation of someone with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis?
Correct Answer
multiple cranial nerve abnormalities
Explanation
altered mental status, severe HA, seizures all these are presentations however multiple cranial nerve abnormalities is most significant
3.
What is histologically representative of meningiomas?
Correct Answer
E. Whirls
Explanation
Whirls are histologically representative of meningiomas. Meningiomas are typically characterized by the presence of whorls, which are concentric arrangements of tumor cells. These whorls can be seen under a microscope and are a key feature used to diagnose meningiomas. Other histological features commonly associated with meningiomas include hypercellularities, rosettes, and swirls. However, the presence of whirls is the most specific and characteristic feature of meningiomas.
4.
What is most likely to mestastize to the CNS?
Correct Answer
A. Lung CA
Explanation
Breast and colon CA follow Lung CA,
5.
What are the symptoms of metastatic CA to the spinal cord?
Correct Answer(s)
A. Corticospinal
B. Urinary retention
C. Spinothalamic
Explanation
also a possible sx is back pain
6.
What treatment is best used for metastases of the nervous system?
Correct Answer
A. Decadron
Explanation
Decadron is steroid drug that will help to alleviate the swelling caused
7.
Where does ependymomas occur in the spinal cord?
Correct Answer
C. Filum terminale
Explanation
Ependymomas occur in the filum terminale of the spinal cord. The filum terminale is a slender strand of connective tissue that extends from the conus medullaris to the coccyx. Ependymomas are tumors that arise from the ependymal cells lining the central canal of the spinal cord. They are typically slow-growing and can cause symptoms such as back pain, weakness, and sensory changes. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the tumor, sometimes followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy.
8.
What indicates the best prognosis for Ependyomas?
Correct Answer
A. Astrocytomas
Explanation
this is a low grade glioma which will offer the best prognosis: Anaplastic Astrocytomas are Grade 2 and Gliomas are grade 3
9.
Primary CNS lymphomas occurs predominantly in whom?
Correct Answer(s)
A. AIDS patients
B. Children with DiGeorge Syndrome
Explanation
In a AIDS pts. the CD-4 is below 200 mm/cm3, and in a patient with DiGeorge syndrome the Thymus is nonfunctional or absent making them extremely immunocompromised. In people with MHC I defiencies of Tap this is not as severe because this is part of the adaptive immune system, and so is Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (B-Cells).
10.
What location is most severely affected in patients with meningiomas?
Correct Answer
D. Falx Regions
Explanation
Meningiomas are tumors that occur in the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The falx cerebri is a fold of the dura mater that separates the two cerebral hemispheres. It runs along the midline of the brain. When meningiomas develop in the falx regions, they can cause severe effects due to their location and potential compression of brain tissue. Therefore, the falx regions are the most severely affected location in patients with meningiomas.
11.
What is a preferable method of diagnosing leptomeningeal carcinomatosis?
Correct Answer
B. MRI
Explanation
other methods include CT and LP but the most definitive method is the MRI.