Unit 1 Review Quiz

Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, eukaryotes are more complex organisms that have a nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles. This difference in cellular structure is one of the key distinctions between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Natural selection is the mechanism of evolution that causes a change in a population over time. It is the process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population based on their ability to survive and reproduce. Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and pass on their genes to the next generation, while individuals with disadvantageous traits are less likely to reproduce. This leads to a gradual change in the population's genetic makeup over time, as favorable traits become more prevalent and unfavorable traits become less common.

The fossils at the bottom will be older than the fossils at the top

Mutation is the correct answer because it is the mechanism of evolution that causes the initial change in the traits of an individual. Mutations are random changes in the DNA sequence, which can result in new genetic variations. These variations can then be passed on to future generations, contributing to genetic diversity within a population. Natural selection, gene flow, and genetic drift can all act on these mutations, but they do not directly cause the initial change in traits.

Homologous structures are anatomical features that have a similar structure but may not necessarily have the same function. These structures are derived from a common ancestor and may have been modified over time to serve different purposes in different species. Therefore, homologous structures do not have the same function in different species, making the given answer "False" correct.

The correct order of taxonomic groups from most general to most specific is Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. This order follows the hierarchical classification system used in taxonomy, where organisms are grouped based on their shared characteristics. The kingdom is the broadest category, followed by phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species, which is the most specific category.

These structures are considered analogous because even though they have the same structure, they did not have a common ancestor with that structure. Homologous structures, on the other hand, are structures that have a common ancestor with the same trait. Therefore, since these structures did not evolve from a common ancestor with the same structure, they are considered analogous rather than homologous.

The fact that these limbs have the same basic structure suggests a common ancestry because it implies that they have evolved from a common ancestor. This similarity in structure indicates that the limbs share a common developmental pathway and genetic blueprint, which is a strong indicator of common ancestry.

This is an analogous structure because they have different structures (different ancestors), but the same function

Natural selection is the process by which individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to future generations. In this case, the trend observed is that there is a higher number of fish with no spines over time. This suggests that the fish without spines have a better chance of survival and reproduction, leading to an increase in their population. Therefore, natural selection favors the fish without spines, as they are better adapted to their environment and have a higher fitness.

Both animals and fungi share the trait of being heterotrophs. This means that they obtain their nutrients by consuming organic matter from other sources. Unlike autotrophs, which can produce their own food through photosynthesis, both animals and fungi rely on external sources for their energy and nutrients. This common characteristic of being heterotrophs distinguishes them from autotrophic organisms.

The correct answer includes Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista. These are all kingdoms that belong to the domain Eukaryota, which consists of organisms with eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, distinguishing them from prokaryotic cells found in Bacteria and Archaebacteria.