Unit 9 - Acids, Bases, And Salts Review
Acids, Bases, and Salts
- 1.
A(n) _____ is a compound formed when the negative ions from an acid combine with the positive ions to form a base.
- A.
Ester
- B.
Alcohol
- C.
Carboxyl
- D.
Salt
Correct Answer
D. SaltExplanation
When the negative ions from an acid combine with the positive ions to form a base, a compound called a salt is formed. A salt is a chemical compound that is formed by the reaction of an acid with a base. It is composed of positive ions from the base and negative ions from the acid. Therefore, the correct answer is salt.Rate this question:
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- 2.
_____ are solutions containing ions that react with acids or bases to minimize their effects.
- A.
Buffers
- B.
Hydroxide
- C.
Enzymes
- D.
Indicators
Correct Answer
A. BuffersExplanation
Buffers are solutions containing ions that react with acids or bases to minimize their effects. When an acid is added to a buffer solution, the buffer components react with the acid to neutralize it, preventing a significant change in pH. Similarly, when a base is added, the buffer components react with the base to maintain the pH of the solution. Buffers are important in biological systems as they help maintain the pH within a narrow range, which is necessary for many biochemical reactions to occur properly.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following bases can be ingested safely?
- A.
Aluminum hydroxide
- B.
Sodium hydroxide
- C.
Calcium hydroxide
- D.
Ammonia
Correct Answer
A. Aluminum hydroxideExplanation
Aluminum hydroxide can be ingested safely because it is commonly used as an antacid to relieve symptoms of heartburn, indigestion, and upset stomach. It works by neutralizing excess stomach acid, and it is considered safe for consumption when used as directed. On the other hand, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and ammonia are not safe to ingest. Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali that can cause severe burns and tissue damage if ingested. Calcium hydroxide is also highly alkaline and can cause irritation and damage to the digestive system. Ammonia is a toxic gas that can cause severe respiratory and digestive issues if ingested.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The _____ of a solution is solution is a measure of the concentration of hydronium ions in it.
- A.
Strength
- B.
Concentration
- C.
PH
- D.
Indicator
Correct Answer
C. pHExplanation
pH is a measure of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution. It indicates the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. A lower pH value indicates a higher concentration of hydronium ions, making the solution more acidic. Conversely, a higher pH value indicates a lower concentration of hydronium ions, making the solution more alkaline. Therefore, pH is the correct answer as it directly relates to the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution.Rate this question:
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- 5.
____ is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that takes place in a water solution.
- A.
Decomposition
- B.
Hydrolysis
- C.
Saponification
- D.
Neutralization
Correct Answer
D. NeutralizationExplanation
Neutralization is the correct answer because it is the chemical reaction that occurs when an acid and a base react with each other in a water solution. During neutralization, the hydrogen ions from the acid combine with the hydroxide ions from the base to form water, while the remaining ions combine to form a salt. This reaction results in the neutralization of the acidic and basic properties, leading to the formation of a neutral solution.Rate this question:
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- 6.
In chemical equations describing ionization, what do double arrows pointing in opposite directions indicate?
- A.
The reaction is doubled.
- B.
The ionization reaction is incomplete.
- C.
The reaction is a strong acid.
- D.
There is twice as much product as reactant.
Correct Answer
B. The ionization reaction is incomplete.Explanation
The double arrows pointing in opposite directions in a chemical equation indicate that the ionization reaction is incomplete. This means that only a portion of the reactants have undergone ionization and formed products. The reaction may reach a state of equilibrium where both forward and reverse reactions are occurring simultaneously, but not all reactants are converted into products.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following statements about bases is NOT true?
- A.
Bases in solution feel slippery.
- B.
Bases form hydroxide ions in solution.
- C.
Bases form when acid reacts and metals.
- D.
Pure, undissolved bases are often crystalline solids.
Correct Answer
C. Bases form when acid reacts and metals.Explanation
This statement is not true because bases do not form when acid reacts with metals. Bases are substances that can accept protons (H+) or donate pairs of electrons. They can be formed by the reaction of metal oxides or hydroxides with water, or by the reaction of metal carbonates or bicarbonates with acids. However, bases do not form when acids react with metals.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which two terms refer to the amount of acid or base dissolved in solution?
- A.
Strong and dilute
- B.
Strong and weak
- C.
Dilute and concentrated
- D.
Weak and concentrated
Correct Answer
C. Dilute and concentratedExplanation
The terms "dilute" and "concentrated" refer to the amount of acid or base dissolved in a solution. A solution is considered dilute when there is a small amount of acid or base dissolved in a larger amount of solvent. On the other hand, a solution is considered concentrated when there is a large amount of acid or base dissolved in a smaller amount of solvent. Therefore, the correct answer is dilute and concentrated.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which two groups does a soap molecule contain?
- A.
Hydronium and hydroxide
- B.
Hydroxide and carboxylic acid
- C.
Nonpolar carbon chain and salt of a carboxylic acid
- D.
Nonpolar nitrogen chain and carboxylic acid
Correct Answer
C. Nonpolar carbon chain and salt of a carboxylic acidExplanation
A soap molecule contains a nonpolar carbon chain and a salt of a carboxylic acid. The nonpolar carbon chain is hydrophobic and interacts with oily or greasy substances, while the salt of a carboxylic acid is hydrophilic and interacts with water molecules. This dual nature of soap molecules allows them to effectively remove dirt and grease from surfaces by forming micelles, which trap the dirt and grease particles in their hydrophobic cores and are then easily rinsed away with water.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A(n) _____ is an organic compound that changes color in acid.
- A.
Base
- B.
Catalyst
- C.
Salt
- D.
Indicator
Correct Answer
D. IndicatorExplanation
An indicator is an organic compound that changes color in acid. Indicators are commonly used in chemistry to determine the pH level of a solution. When an indicator is added to an acidic solution, it will change color, providing a visual indication of the presence of acid. This property makes indicators useful in various applications, such as in titrations or to determine the acidity of a substance.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which three acids are used in fertilizers?
- A.
Phosphoric, carbonic, and ascorbic
- B.
Nitric, acetic, and sulfuric
- C.
Acetic, carbonic, and hydrochloric
- D.
Nitric, sulfuric, and phosphoric
Correct Answer
D. Nitric, sulfuric, and pHospHoricExplanation
Nitric, sulfuric, and phosphoric acids are commonly used in fertilizers because they provide essential nutrients for plant growth. Nitric acid is a source of nitrogen, sulfuric acid provides sulfur, and phosphoric acid supplies phosphorus. These nutrients are necessary for plants to develop healthy roots, stems, and leaves, as well as to promote flowering and fruiting. Therefore, the correct answer is nitric, sulfuric, and phosphoric.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A(n) _____ is an organic compound formed by the reaction of an organic acid and an alcohol.
- A.
Base
- B.
Salt
- C.
Indicator
- D.
Ester
Correct Answer
D. EsterExplanation
An ester is an organic compound formed by the reaction of an organic acid and an alcohol. This reaction is known as esterification. Esters are commonly used in various industries, such as fragrance and flavor production, as they possess pleasant odors and tastes. Additionally, esters are also used as solvents and plasticizers. They have a wide range of applications due to their unique chemical properties and versatility.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following composition of cleansers is the best choice if you have hard water?
- A.
Long hydrocarbon chain with sodium salt
- B.
Long hydrocarbon chain with potassium salt
- C.
Long hydrocarbon chain with sulfonic acid group
- D.
Long-chain fatty acid with sodium hydroxide
Correct Answer
C. Long hydrocarbon chain with sulfonic acid groupExplanation
The best choice of cleanser for hard water would be a composition with a long hydrocarbon chain and a sulfonic acid group. Hard water contains high levels of minerals such as calcium and magnesium, which can interfere with the cleaning process. The sulfonic acid group has strong acidic properties that can effectively remove these mineral deposits from surfaces. The long hydrocarbon chain helps to dissolve dirt and grease, making it an ideal choice for cleaning in hard water conditions.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following substances contains a base?
- A.
Aspirin
- B.
Vinegar
- C.
Fertilizer
- D.
Lemon juice
Correct Answer
C. FertilizerExplanation
Fertilizer contains a base because it is typically made up of compounds such as ammonia or potassium hydroxide, which are considered bases. Bases are substances that can accept protons (H+) or donate hydroxide ions (OH-) in a chemical reaction. Aspirin, vinegar, and lemon juice, on the other hand, do not contain bases. Aspirin is an acid, vinegar is a weak acid, and lemon juice is acidic due to the presence of citric acid.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following has the highest pH?
- A.
Vitamin C
- B.
Vinegar
- C.
Ammonia
- D.
Pure water
Correct Answer
C. AmmoniaExplanation
Ammonia has the highest pH among the given options. pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale of 0-14, with values below 7 indicating acidity and values above 7 indicating alkalinity. Ammonia is a strong base and when dissolved in water, it releases hydroxide ions (OH-) which increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution, resulting in a higher pH. Therefore, ammonia has the highest pH compared to Vitamin C, vinegar, and pure water.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following statements about acids is NOT true?
- A.
Acids form hydroxide ions in solution
- B.
Many foods contains acids
- C.
Acids taste sour
- D.
Acids are corrosive
Correct Answer
A. Acids form hydroxide ions in solution -
- 17.
A(n) ______ is a substance that produce hydrogen ions in solution.
- A.
Salt
- B.
Base
- C.
Indicator
- D.
Acid
Correct Answer
D. AcidExplanation
An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions in a solution. When an acid is dissolved in water, it dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and anions. These hydrogen ions are responsible for the acidic properties of the solution, such as the sour taste and ability to react with metals. Examples of common acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and acetic acid (CH3COOH).Rate this question:
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- 18.
What is a disadvantage of adding phosphates to detergents?
- A.
Phosphates cause a detergent to produce scum in hard water.
- B.
Detergents with phosphates cannot clean as throughly as those without them do.
- C.
Phosphates are corrosive.
- D.
Phosphates can cause overgrowth of algae in waterways.
Correct Answer
D. pHospHates can cause overgrowth of algae in waterways.Explanation
Adding phosphates to detergents can lead to an overgrowth of algae in waterways. This is because phosphates act as a nutrient for algae, promoting their growth. When excessive amounts of algae are present in waterways, it can disrupt the ecosystem by depleting oxygen levels and blocking sunlight, which can harm aquatic life. This can lead to a decrease in water quality and negatively impact the balance of the ecosystem. Therefore, the presence of phosphates in detergents can have a detrimental effect on the environment.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following acids is NOT edible?
- A.
Carbonic
- B.
Lactic
- C.
Sulfuric
- D.
Phosphoric
Correct Answer
C. SulfuricExplanation
Sulfuric acid is not edible because it is a strong acid that is highly corrosive and toxic. It can cause severe burns and damage to the digestive system if ingested. On the other hand, carbonic, lactic, and phosphoric acids are commonly found in food and beverages and are safe for consumption in moderate amounts.Rate this question:
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- 20.
_____ are organic salts.
- A.
Polymers
- B.
Titrations
- C.
Soaps
- D.
Esters
Correct Answer
C. SoapsExplanation
Soaps are organic salts because they are formed by the reaction of a fatty acid with an alkali, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. This reaction, known as saponification, results in the formation of a salt called a soap. Soaps have a polar end (hydrophilic) and a nonpolar end (hydrophobic), which allows them to dissolve in both water and oil. This property makes them effective for cleaning and removing dirt and grease from surfaces.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Match the following characteristics to either an acid or a base:
- type of ions produced in a solution: H+
- charge of ion: positive
- taste: sour
- common example: HCl
- pH: <7
- common use: fertilizers
- A.
Acid
- B.
Base
Correct Answer
A. AcidExplanation
The given characteristics, such as the type of ions produced in a solution (H+), the taste (sour), the common example (HCl), and the pH (Rate this question:
- 22.
Match the following characteristics to either and acid or a base:
- type of ions produced in a solution: OH-
- charge of ion: negative
- taste: bitter
- common example: ammonia
- pH: >7
- common use: food preparation
- A.
Acid
- B.
Base
Correct Answer
B. BaseExplanation
The characteristics provided in the question are all associated with bases. Bases produce OH- ions in a solution, have a negative charge, taste bitter, have a pH greater than 7, and are commonly used in food preparation. The common example given, ammonia, is also a base. Therefore, the correct answer is base.Rate this question:
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Mar 19, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jan 14, 2013Quiz Created by
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