The Cardiovascular System MCQ! Trivia

The cardiovascular system is responsible for circulating blood throughout the body. The heart is the central organ of this system, pumping blood to all parts of the body. The blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries, transport the blood. The blood itself carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. The lungs, muscles, bones, and brain are not directly involved in the cardiovascular system.

During rest, the heart is relaxed and filling with blood. This causes the diastolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest, to be higher than the systolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts. Therefore, the statement that systolic blood pressure will be higher than diastolic pressure whilst at rest is correct.

Stroke Volume refers to the amount of blood that is pumped out of the heart per beat. It is a measure of the efficiency and strength of the heart's contractions.

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) can cause deposits to build up in the arteries, making it harder for blood to circulate. LDL is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because it carries cholesterol from the liver to the arteries, where it can accumulate and form plaques. These plaques can narrow the arteries and restrict blood flow, leading to various cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Therefore, an excess of LDL in the bloodstream can contribute to the development of arterial deposits and hinder blood circulation.

An individual with high levels of LDL, also known as "bad" cholesterol, should avoid foods high in saturated fat. Saturated fat can raise LDL levels and increase the risk of heart disease. Unsaturated fats, on the other hand, can help lower LDL levels and improve heart health. Therefore, choosing foods high in unsaturated fats, such as avocados or nuts, would be beneficial. Soluble fiber can also help lower LDL levels, so foods high in soluble fiber, like oats or legumes, would also be a good choice. Moderate exercise is generally recommended for improving overall health but may not directly impact LDL levels.

A trained athlete typically has a lower resting heart rate due to their cardiovascular fitness. A heart rate of 65 bpm indicates that the athlete's heart is strong and efficient, pumping an adequate amount of blood with each beat. This lower heart rate allows the athlete to perform at a higher level of intensity for longer periods of time without becoming fatigued.

An immediate effect of exercise on the cardiovascular system is an increase in heart rate, breathing rate, and systolic blood pressure. However, an increase in stroke volume is not an immediate effect of exercise. Stroke volume refers to the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction, and while it typically increases with regular exercise, it does not occur immediately during exercise. Therefore, the correct answer is an increase in stroke volume.

Regular exercise has several positive effects on the cardiovascular system. Firstly, it leads to an increase in the size and strength of the heart, a condition known as cardiac hypertrophy. This allows the heart to pump blood more efficiently and effectively. Secondly, exercise increases stroke volume, which is the amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat. This means that the heart can deliver more oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues. Lastly, regular exercise also leads to a decrease in resting blood pressure. This is beneficial as it reduces the strain on the blood vessels and lowers the risk of cardiovascular diseases.