Unwrapping Our World Ccchs Yr 8 Test
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- 1.
The earths crust is also known as the:
- A.
A. Hydrosphere
- B.
B. Atmosphere
- C.
C. Lithosphere
- D.
D. Stratosphere
Correct Answer
C. C. LithospHereExplanation
The earth's crust is the outermost layer of the earth, and it is composed of solid rocks and minerals. It is called the lithosphere because "litho" means rock in Greek, and the lithosphere is essentially the rocky layer of the earth. The hydrosphere refers to all the water on earth, the atmosphere is the layer of gases surrounding the earth, and the stratosphere is a specific layer within the atmosphere. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Lithosphere.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Sedimentary rocks are usually formed through the following process
- A.
A. heat, pressure, transformation, infiltration
- B.
B. erosion, transportation, deposition, cementation
- C.
C. global warming and UV rays
- D.
D. cooling magma
Correct Answer
B. B. erosion, transportation, deposition, cementationExplanation
Sedimentary rocks are usually formed through the process of erosion, transportation, deposition, and cementation. Erosion refers to the wearing away of rocks and soil by natural forces such as wind or water. Transportation occurs when the eroded materials are moved from one place to another by wind, water, or ice. Deposition happens when the transported materials settle down and accumulate in a new location. Finally, cementation occurs when the sediments are compacted and hardened by dissolved minerals, creating a solid rock. This process is commonly observed in the formation of sedimentary rocks like sandstone or limestone.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Ozone layer depletion is caused by chemicals including CFC's. Some of the major health problems include:
- A.
A. Heart disease and high cholesterol levels
- B.
B. Chronic Fatigue syndrome
- C.
C. Lung cancer
- D.
D. Skin cancer and eye problems
Correct Answer
D. D. Skin cancer and eye problemsExplanation
Ozone layer depletion is caused by chemicals including CFC's. These chemicals react with ozone molecules in the upper atmosphere, leading to the thinning of the ozone layer. When the ozone layer gets depleted, it allows more ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun to reach the Earth's surface. This increased exposure to UV radiation can cause various health problems, including skin cancer and eye problems. UV radiation is known to damage the DNA in skin cells, leading to the development of skin cancer. Additionally, prolonged exposure to UV radiation can also cause eye problems such as cataracts and damage to the cornea and retina.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The greenhouse effect is a warming up of the earths atmosphere. Some of the main gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect include
- A.
Carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide
- B.
Carbon monoxide, methane and CFC's
- C.
Oxygen and ozone
- D.
Nitrogen and Hydrogen
Correct Answer
A. Carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxideExplanation
The greenhouse effect is a phenomenon where certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap heat from the sun, causing the planet to warm up. The gases that contribute to this effect are carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. These gases are known as greenhouse gases because they absorb and emit infrared radiation, trapping heat in the atmosphere and preventing it from escaping into space. Carbon monoxide, methane, and CFCs are also greenhouse gases, but they are not mentioned as the main gases contributing to the greenhouse effect in this question. Oxygen and ozone do not contribute significantly to the greenhouse effect, and nitrogen and hydrogen are not greenhouse gases.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A persons' Carbon Footprint is defined as
- A.
The size of their shoe
- B.
The amount of CFC's a person produces
- C.
The amount of greenhouse gases produced by a person
- D.
The amount of carbon needed by a country
Correct Answer
C. The amount of greenhouse gases produced by a personExplanation
A person's carbon footprint is a measure of the amount of greenhouse gases they produce. This includes emissions from activities such as transportation, energy use, and consumption. Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere and contribute to climate change. Therefore, measuring and reducing carbon footprints is important in addressing environmental issues and promoting sustainability.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The Biosphere is
- A.
A. The layer inhabited by living things
- B.
B. The layer in the air just above the Lithosphere
- C.
C. The layer of water surrounding the earth
- D.
D. The area of earth where humans live
Correct Answer
A. A. The layer inhabited by living thingsExplanation
The correct answer is A. The Biosphere is the layer inhabited by living things. This refers to the part of the Earth where organisms exist and interact with their environment. It includes the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere, encompassing all ecosystems and supporting life in various forms. This answer accurately defines the Biosphere as the layer where living organisms can be found, distinguishing it from the other options which do not encompass the entirety of living things on Earth.Rate this question:
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- 7.
On the excursion to Bombo you counted the plants and animals found in the rock pools at the Boneyard. This is an example of studying the:
- A.
A. Atmosphere
- B.
B. Biosphere
- C.
C. Ionosphere
- D.
D. Stratosphere
Correct Answer
B. B. BiospHereExplanation
The excursion to Bombo involved counting the plants and animals in the rock pools at the Boneyard. This activity indicates a study of the biosphere. The biosphere refers to the part of the Earth's surface and atmosphere where living organisms exist. By counting the plants and animals in the rock pools, the focus is on the living organisms found in a specific area, which falls under the study of the biosphere.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Two examples of igneous rocks are
- A.
A. Sandstone and Basalt
- B.
B. Limestone and Sandstone
- C.
C. Basalt and Obsidian
- D.
D. Shale and Slate
Correct Answer
C. C. Basalt and ObsidianExplanation
Basalt and obsidian are both examples of igneous rocks. Basalt is a dark-colored, fine-grained rock that is formed from solidified lava. It is commonly found in volcanic areas. Obsidian, on the other hand, is a type of volcanic glass that is formed when lava cools rapidly. It has a smooth, glassy texture and is usually black or dark brown in color. Both basalt and obsidian are formed through the cooling and solidification of molten material, making them examples of igneous rocks.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Tides are mainly caused by:
- A.
A. Wind and rain
- B.
B. The earths gravity pulling on the moon
- C.
C. The suns gravity pulling on the earth
- D.
D. The moons gravity pulling on the earth
Correct Answer
D. D. The moons gravity pulling on the earthExplanation
The tides are mainly caused by the moon's gravity pulling on the earth. The gravitational force exerted by the moon creates a tidal bulge on the side of the earth facing the moon, as well as on the opposite side. As the earth rotates, different parts of the planet experience these tidal bulges, resulting in the rise and fall of the tides. While the sun also exerts a gravitational force on the earth, it is the moon's gravity that has a greater influence on the tides due to its closer proximity.Rate this question:
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- 10.
During stormy seas
- A.
A. waves add to beaches and sand dunes by depositing sand
- B.
B. there are more high tides and low tides
- C.
C. waves erode beaches and sand dunes
- D.
D. there is always a full moon
Correct Answer
C. C. waves erode beaches and sand dunesExplanation
During stormy seas, the powerful waves generated by the storm have a strong erosive force. These waves crash onto the beaches and sand dunes, causing the erosion of the sand. The force of the waves can wash away the sand and reshape the coastline, leading to the erosion of beaches and sand dunes.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Longshore drift means
- A.
A. sand gets transported down rivers to the ocean
- B.
B. sand is constantly moving along beaches
- C.
C. bird and fish habitats are depleted due to overfishing
- D.
D. getting lost at sea without a paddle
Correct Answer
B. B. sand is constantly moving along beachesExplanation
Longshore drift refers to the process by which sand is continuously carried and transported along beaches. It occurs when waves approach the shore at an angle, causing the sediment to move in a zigzag pattern parallel to the coastline. This movement of sand is an essential natural process that shapes and reshapes coastal areas, as well as contributes to the formation of barrier islands and sandbars.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Weathering is:
- A.
A. sun, rain, snow and wind
- B.
B. the process by which water moves fragments of rock and soil
- C.
C. the breakdown of the materials of the earths crust
- D.
D. whether it is raining or sunny
Correct Answer
C. C. the breakdown of the materials of the earths crustExplanation
Weathering is the process by which the materials of the Earth's crust are broken down. This can occur through various mechanisms such as physical, chemical, and biological processes. It involves the disintegration and decomposition of rocks, minerals, and soils, leading to their eventual transformation into smaller particles and new substances. Weathering plays a crucial role in shaping the Earth's surface and influencing the formation of landscapes over long periods of time.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Erosion is
- A.
A. the movement of rocks and soil by water, ice, wind & gravity
- B.
B. the rusting of metals
- C.
C. the breakdown of larger rocks into smaller rocks
- D.
D. the cause of global warming
Correct Answer
A. A. the movement of rocks and soil by water, ice, wind & gravityExplanation
Erosion refers to the process of the movement of rocks and soil by various natural forces such as water, ice, wind, and gravity. This process involves the wearing away and transportation of these materials from one place to another. It is a natural phenomenon that occurs over time and can lead to the formation of new landforms and landscapes. The other options, such as the rusting of metals, the breakdown of larger rocks into smaller rocks, and the cause of global warming, are not accurate definitions of erosion.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Metamorphic rocks are rocks that can transform or metamorphise into another type of rock through
- A.
A. erosion, deposition and cementation
- B.
B. large amounts of heat and pressure
- C.
C. From the suns UV rays
- D.
D. cooling down from volcanic magma
Correct Answer
B. B. large amounts of heat and pressureExplanation
Metamorphic rocks undergo a process called metamorphism, which involves the transformation of existing rocks into new types of rocks. This transformation occurs due to the application of significant amounts of heat and pressure on the rocks over a long period of time. These conditions cause the minerals within the rocks to recrystallize and rearrange, resulting in the formation of metamorphic rocks. Erosion, deposition, and cementation (option A) are processes associated with the formation of sedimentary rocks. The sun's UV rays (option C) do not play a significant role in the formation of metamorphic rocks. Cooling down from volcanic magma (option D) leads to the formation of igneous rocks, not metamorphic rocks.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The inner core of the earth contains
- A.
A.Magma and lava
- B.
B.Iron and nickel which is molten from the heat it is subjected to
- C.
C.Molten rock
- D.
D.Iron and nickel which is solid from the pressure it is under
Correct Answer
D. D.Iron and nickel which is solid from the pressure it is underExplanation
The inner core of the earth is composed mainly of iron and nickel. The immense pressure at the center of the earth causes these materials to be in a solid state, despite the high temperatures. This solid inner core is believed to be approximately 1,200 kilometers in radius and is surrounded by the liquid outer core.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Igneous rock is formed by
- A.
A. cooling of volcanic magma
- B.
B. sediments turning into rock through cementation
- C.
C. burning coal
- D.
D. transforming through heat and pressure
Correct Answer
A. A. cooling of volcanic magmaExplanation
Igneous rock is formed when volcanic magma cools and solidifies. Magma is molten rock that is found beneath the Earth's surface. When it erupts from a volcano and reaches the surface, it is called lava. As the magma or lava cools, it hardens and forms igneous rock. This process can occur quickly or slowly, depending on the rate of cooling. The composition and texture of the igneous rock are determined by factors such as the mineral content of the magma and the rate of cooling.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Wind, Solar and Geothermal power are example of
- A.
A. fossil fuels
- B.
B. renewable energy
- C.
C. calm energy
- D.
D. energy with pollutants
Correct Answer
B. B. renewable energyExplanation
Wind, solar, and geothermal power are examples of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy refers to sources of energy that can be replenished naturally and are not depleted over time. Wind power harnesses the energy from wind, solar power converts sunlight into electricity, and geothermal power utilizes heat from the Earth's core. These sources are considered renewable because they are continuously available and do not contribute to the depletion of natural resources.Rate this question:
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- 18.
One of the benefits of the thinning of the arctic ice is
- A.
More polar bears will die
- B.
Our biodiversity will reduce
- C.
It is easier to explore for minerals & for shipping
- D.
We get higher tides
Correct Answer
C. It is easier to explore for minerals & for shippingExplanation
As the Arctic ice thins, it becomes easier to explore for minerals and for shipping. With less ice cover, ships can access previously inaccessible areas, opening up new opportunities for shipping routes and resource extraction. This can lead to increased economic activity in the region.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Coal, natural gas and oil are all examples of
- A.
Clean energy
- B.
Fossil fuels
- C.
Renewable energy
- D.
Environmentally sustainable enrgy
Correct Answer
B. Fossil fuelsExplanation
Coal, natural gas, and oil are all examples of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. They are non-renewable resources, meaning they cannot be replenished in a short period of time. Fossil fuels are widely used for energy production due to their high energy density, but they also release carbon dioxide and other pollutants when burned, contributing to climate change and air pollution. Therefore, while they are valuable sources of energy, they are not considered clean, renewable, or environmentally sustainable.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Sewage treatment plants can accidentally release untreated effluent when
- A.
Toilets get blocked
- B.
High tide occurs
- C.
Large amounts of rain & flooding cause overflow
- D.
The weather gets hot
Correct Answer
C. Large amounts of rain & flooding cause overflowExplanation
During heavy rainfall or flooding, sewage treatment plants can become overwhelmed with the large amount of water entering the system. This can lead to the overflow of untreated effluent, as the plant may not have the capacity to properly treat and process the excess water and waste. This can result in the accidental release of untreated sewage into the environment, posing a risk to public health and the ecosystem.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The hydrosphere is
- A.
A big hydroelectric scheme in the Snowy Mountains
- B.
The earths crust
- C.
The air that surrounds the earth
- D.
The layer of water on the earths surface
Correct Answer
D. The layer of water on the earths surfaceExplanation
The hydrosphere refers to the layer of water on the Earth's surface, including oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, and even underground water. It encompasses all forms of water, whether it is in liquid, solid (ice), or gaseous (water vapor) state. This answer correctly identifies the hydrosphere as the layer of water on the Earth's surface, distinguishing it from other options such as the earth's crust, the air that surrounds the earth, or a specific hydroelectric scheme in the Snowy Mountains.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The greenhouse effect is
- A.
Growing good fruit and vegetables in a greenhouse
- B.
The craze for buildong new greenhouses
- C.
The hole in the ozone layer getting bigger
- D.
When temperature rises due to trapping the suns heat
Correct Answer
D. When temperature rises due to trapping the suns heatExplanation
The greenhouse effect refers to the process in which certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap heat from the sun, causing an increase in temperature. This phenomenon is similar to how a greenhouse works, where the glass walls trap heat inside, allowing plants to grow in a controlled environment. The greenhouse effect is not related to growing fruit and vegetables in a greenhouse or the craze for building new greenhouses. It is also not directly linked to the hole in the ozone layer getting bigger, although both are environmental concerns.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Carbon dioxide is a a major contributor to global warming. The most obvious way humans contribute to carbon dioxide emissions is
- A.
Decomposing of plants and animals
- B.
Burning fossil fuels
- C.
Overgrazing by livestock
- D.
Using aerosol cans
Correct Answer
B. Burning fossil fuelsExplanation
Burning fossil fuels is the most obvious way humans contribute to carbon dioxide emissions. When fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas are burned for energy, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. This process is a significant contributor to global warming as carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth's atmosphere.Rate this question:
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- 24.
What is located at: Latitude 30˚ 52´ South & Longitude 143˚ 45´East ?
- A.
King Island
- B.
Kangaroo Island
- C.
Tasmania
- D.
King George Sound
Correct Answer
A. King IslandExplanation
Located at Latitude 30˚ 52´ South & Longitude 143˚ 45´East is King Island.Rate this question:
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- 25.
What is loacted at Latitude 34˚ 45´ South, Longitude 137˚ 00´East
- A.
Uluru
- B.
Murray River
- C.
Great Victorian Desert
- D.
Kangaroo Island
Correct Answer
D. Kangaroo IslandExplanation
Kangaroo Island is located at Latitude 34˚ 45´ South, Longitude 137˚ 00´ East.Rate this question:
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- 26.
What is located at latitude 25˚, 30’ South, longitude 153 00 East
- A.
Whitsunday Islands
- B.
Bathurst Island
- C.
Fraser Island
- D.
Steep Point
Correct Answer
C. Fraser IslandExplanation
Fraser Island is located at latitude 25˚, 30' South, longitude 153 00 East.Rate this question:
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- 27.
What is located at latitude 17˚20’South, longitude 145 45’East
- A.
Hood Point
- B.
Brisbane
- C.
Mount Bartle Frere
- D.
Lake Eyre
Correct Answer
C. Mount Bartle FrereExplanation
Mount Bartle Frere is located at latitude 17˚20'South, longitude 145˚45'East.Rate this question:
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- 28.
What is located at lat 25˚, 21’South, long 131˚ 02’East?
- A.
Lake Mackay
- B.
Uluru
- C.
The Gibson Desert
- D.
Lake Disappointment
Correct Answer
B. UluruExplanation
Uluru is located at lat 25˚, 21'South, long 131˚ 02'East. Uluru, also known as Ayers Rock, is a large sandstone rock formation in the southern part of the Northern Territory, Australia. It is a sacred site for the Indigenous Anangu people and is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Uluru is a popular tourist attraction and is known for its unique red color and changing hues at different times of the day.Rate this question:
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- 29.
What is located at lat 28˚ 15’S, long 138˚ 08’E?
- A.
Lake Gardner
- B.
Streaky Bay
- C.
Cape Spencer
- D.
Lake Eyre
Correct Answer
D. Lake EyreExplanation
Lake Eyre is located at the coordinates given (lat 28˚ 15'S, long 138˚ 08'E). It is a large salt lake in central Australia, known for being one of the lowest points on the continent. The lake is a significant feature of the Australian landscape and is often dry, but can fill with water during periods of heavy rainfall.Rate this question:
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- 30.
What is located at latitude 36˚ 27’South, longitude 148˚ 16’E?
- A.
Mt Kosciuszko
- B.
Cape Howe
- C.
Mt Bogong
- D.
Port Phillip
Correct Answer
A. Mt KosciuszkoExplanation
Mt Kosciuszko is located at latitude 36˚ 27'South, longitude 148˚ 16'E.Rate this question:
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