Cause Of Valvular Heart Disease

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  • 1/36 Questions

    Peooplw who have had rheumatic fever are predisposed to developing heart valve diseases.

    • True
    • False
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Cause Of Valvular Heart Disease - Quiz
About This Quiz

This quiz explores the causes and characteristics of valvular heart diseases, focusing on stenosis, prolapse, insufficiency, and regurgitation. It tests knowledge on rheumatic fever's impact, cardiac valve anatomy, and diagnostic sounds in heart disease, enhancing understanding for medical professionals.

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  • 2. 

    Atrial chamber dilates and results in improper electrical conduction is know as Atrial fibrillation.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Blood can not flow through atrium due to narrowed or blocked mitral valve.

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  • 3. 

    Atrial fibrillation is a sign of mitral valve stenosis.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Atrial fibrillation is a condition characterized by irregular and rapid heartbeats. Mitral valve stenosis refers to the narrowing of the mitral valve, which is responsible for regulating blood flow between the left atrium and ventricle. When the mitral valve is stenosed, it can cause blood to back up in the left atrium, leading to atrial fibrillation. Therefore, atrial fibrillation can indeed be a sign of mitral valve stenosis.

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  • 4. 

    Insuffiency is when leaflets don not come together.  Regurgitation is when blood _____________.

    • Flows quickly

    • Flows backwards

    • Flows slowly

    • Does not flow

    Correct Answer
    A. Flows backwards
    Explanation
    Regurgitation is a condition where blood flows backwards. This means that instead of moving forward through the heart and into the rest of the body, the blood moves in the opposite direction, causing a disruption in the normal blood flow. This can occur due to a variety of reasons, such as a faulty valve or weakened heart muscles.

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  • 5. 

    There are four main valvular heart diseases: Stenosis, prolapse, insuffiency and regurgitation.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because there are indeed four main valvular heart diseases: stenosis, prolapse, insufficiency, and regurgitation. Stenosis refers to the narrowing of a heart valve, prolapse is the abnormal bulging of a valve, insufficiency occurs when a valve does not close properly, and regurgitation happens when blood flows backward through a valve. These conditions can lead to various symptoms and complications, and they often require medical intervention or surgical treatment.

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  • 6. 

    To hear the aortic place stethoscope at the right 2nd intercostal space near sternum. To hear the pulmonic: place sethoscope left 2nd intercostal space near sternum. To hear the tricuspid: place left 5th intercostal space near sternum. To hear the mitral: place apex of the heart in the left 5th intercostal space.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The explanation for the given correct answer is that the statement accurately describes the correct locations to place the stethoscope in order to hear the different heart sounds. The aortic sound can be heard at the right 2nd intercostal space near the sternum, the pulmonic sound at the left 2nd intercostal space near the sternum, the tricuspid sound at the left 5th intercostal space near the sternum, and the mitral sound at the apex of the heart in the left 5th intercostal space. Therefore, the answer "True" is correct.

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  • 7. 

    Mitral regurgitation produces a systolic murmur due to the incompetent leaky _____________.

    • Tricuspid valve

    • Mitral valve

    • Pulmonary valve

    • Aortic valve

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitral valve
    Explanation
    The leaky valve allows blood to flow backwards during systole from high pressure ventricle through a narrow opening into the low pressure atrium.

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  • 8. 

    Mitral stenosis produces a diastolic murmur becuase there is a larger than normal pressure difference between the atrium and ventricle during diastole, which forces blook through the narrowed mitral valve.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Mitral stenosis is a condition where the mitral valve, which separates the left atrium and ventricle, becomes narrowed. This narrowing causes a larger pressure difference between the atrium and ventricle during diastole, the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle. As a result, blood is forced through the narrowed mitral valve, leading to the production of a diastolic murmur. Therefore, the statement that mitral stenosis produces a diastolic murmur is true.

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  • 9. 

    Aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation produce systolic murmurs.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation are both conditions that affect the heart valves. Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve, which obstructs the flow of blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Mitral regurgitation, on the other hand, is a condition where the mitral valve does not close properly, causing blood to flow backward into the left atrium. Both of these conditions result in abnormal blood flow during systole, the phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts to pump blood. This abnormal blood flow creates turbulent sounds, known as systolic murmurs, which can be heard with a stethoscope. Therefore, the statement that aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation produce systolic murmurs is true.

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  • 10. 

    Congential biscuspid aortic valve could lead to left ventricle hypertrophy.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Congenital bicuspid aortic valve is a condition where the aortic valve, which controls blood flow from the heart to the aorta, has only two cusps instead of the normal three. This abnormality can lead to increased stress on the left ventricle, the chamber of the heart responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body. In order to compensate for the increased workload, the left ventricle may undergo hypertrophy, which is an enlargement of the muscle tissue. Therefore, it is true that congenital bicuspid aortic valve could lead to left ventricle hypertrophy.

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  • 11. 

    In aortic valve regurgitation, the aortic valve does not close completely at the end of systole. thus blood flowing back into ventricle produces a diadstolic murmur.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    In aortic valve regurgitation, the aortic valve fails to close properly after systole, allowing blood to flow back into the ventricle. This backward flow of blood creates a diastolic murmur, which is a sound heard during the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle. Therefore, the statement is true.

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  • 12. 
    The is the pressure graph ofr Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation - ProProfs

    The is the pressure graph ofr Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The explanation for the given correct answer is that the pressure graph represents the presence of both Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation. Therefore, the statement "The is the pressure graph of Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation" is true.

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  • 13. 

    Stenosis is _____________ and Prolapse is ________________.

    • Blood flows backwards and orifice is narrowed

    • Leaflets reflect backwards; orifice is narrowed

    • Orifice is narrowed; leaflets reflect backwards.

    • Both are orifice is narrowed

    Correct Answer
    A. Orifice is narrowed; leaflets reflect backwards.
    Explanation
    Stenosis refers to the narrowing of an orifice, which means that the opening or passage through which fluid or blood flows becomes narrower. On the other hand, prolapse refers to the condition where the leaflets of a valve or the walls of a structure reflect or move backwards, often causing a leakage or obstruction. Therefore, the correct answer is "orifice is narrowed; leaflets reflect backwards." This explanation clearly states the characteristic of each condition without explicitly mentioning the correct answer statement.

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  • 14. 

    Pulmonic stenosis is almost always congential.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Pulmonic stenosis refers to a narrowing or obstruction of the pulmonic valve, which is responsible for regulating blood flow from the heart to the lungs. The term "congenital" indicates that the condition is present at birth. Therefore, the statement that pulmonic stenosis is almost always congenital means that the narrowing or obstruction of the pulmonic valve is typically present from birth.

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  • 15. 

    Aortic stenosis produces a systolic murmur becasue there is a larger than normal pressure difference between the ____________ and ______________ during systole, which forces blood through the narrowed aortic valve.

    • Right atrium and pulmonary trunk

    • Right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

    • Left ventricle and aorta

    • Left atrium and aorta

    Correct Answer
    A. Left ventricle and aorta
    Explanation
    During systole, the left ventricle contracts and pumps blood into the aorta. In aortic stenosis, the aortic valve is narrowed, causing a larger pressure difference between the left ventricle and the aorta during systole. This increased pressure forces blood through the narrowed valve, resulting in a systolic murmur. The other options do not accurately describe the pressure difference and the location of the narrowed valve.

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  • 16. 

    Eccentric (dilated) hypertrophy is thickening of the ventricular wall and increased ventricular chamber diameter.  It may produce S3 heart sound and is due to ___________. (mitral valve regurgitation or aortic valve regurgitation)

    • Volume overload (increased preload)

    • Volume decrease

    • Decreased volume

    • Increased heart rate

    Correct Answer
    A. Volume overload (increased preload)
    Explanation
    Eccentric (dilated) hypertrophy refers to the thickening of the ventricular wall and an increase in ventricular chamber diameter. This condition is often associated with volume overload, which means an increased preload. Preload refers to the amount of blood that fills the ventricles during diastole. In cases of volume overload, there is an excessive amount of blood filling the ventricles, causing them to stretch and resulting in the thickening of the ventricular wall. This can lead to the production of an S3 heart sound. Therefore, the correct answer is volume overload (increased preload).

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  • 17. 

    _____________ and __________ are most common causes of valve stenosis

    • Heridity; mutations

    • Calcific; old age

    • Pizza; beer

    • Generatonal; high fat diet

    Correct Answer
    A. Calcific; old age
    Explanation
    Calcific and old age are the most common causes of valve stenosis. Calcific refers to the buildup of calcium deposits on the valves, which can lead to narrowing and stiffness. As people age, their valves naturally degenerate and become less flexible, increasing the risk of stenosis. These factors, calcific deposits and old age, contribute to the narrowing of the valves and the development of valve stenosis.

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  • 18. 

    ________________ impairs left ventricular filling so that there is a decrease in EDV (preload)

    • Aortic Stenosis

    • Mitral Stenosis

    • Pulmonary Stenosis

    • Tricuspid Stenosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitral Stenosis
    Explanation
    Mitral stenosis refers to the narrowing of the mitral valve, which is responsible for controlling blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle of the heart. When the mitral valve is stenosed, it becomes difficult for blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, leading to impaired left ventricular filling. This results in a decrease in end-diastolic volume (EDV), also known as preload, which is the amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole. Therefore, mitral stenosis can impair left ventricular filling and lead to a decrease in EDV.

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  • 19. 

    Thinkend ventricular wall and unchanged or reduced ventricular chamber diameter is ______________; which yields decreased ventricular compliance and S4 heart sound.

    • Eccentric hypertrophy

    • Concentric hypertrophy

    • Nonconcentric hypertrophy

    • Noneccentric atrophy

    Correct Answer
    A. Concentric hypertrophy
    Explanation
    Concentric hypertrophy refers to an increase in the thickness of the ventricular wall without a significant change in the size of the ventricular chamber. This results in decreased ventricular compliance, meaning the ventricles are less able to stretch and fill with blood. The reduced compliance can cause turbulent blood flow and result in the S4 heart sound, which is an abnormal sound heard during diastole.

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  • 20. 

    Cardiac Valves are covered in

    • Epicardium

    • Endocardium

    • Myocardium

    • Endopericardium

    Correct Answer
    A. Endocardium
    Explanation
    Endocardium is enothelium.

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  • 21. 

    Turbulent flow of blood is produced when a rapidly moving stream flow into a relatively slowly moving stream.  This will produce a _________________.

    • Regurgitation

    • Stenosis

    • Murmur

    • Tachycardia

    Correct Answer
    A. Murmur
    Explanation
    When a rapidly moving stream of blood flows into a relatively slowly moving stream, it creates turbulence in the flow. This turbulence causes vibrations and abnormal sounds, known as murmurs, to be heard. Therefore, the correct answer is murmur.

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  • 22. 

    When a valve is composed of two cusps instead of three, is __________________.  They may show systolic murmur in early life.

    • Congential tricuspid aortic value

    • Congential biscupid aortic value

    • Degenerative valve

    • Degenerative ventricles

    Correct Answer
    A. Congential biscupid aortic value
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "congenital bicuspid aortic valve." A bicuspid aortic valve is a congenital heart defect where the aortic valve, which controls blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body, is composed of two cusps instead of the normal three. This condition is present from birth and can cause various symptoms and complications throughout life. One of the common signs is a systolic murmur, which can be heard during a physical examination, especially in early life.

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  • 23. 

    Disease progression in aortic stenosis is measured by________________.

    • MRI

    • ECG

    • XRAY

    • By hand

    Correct Answer
    A. ECG
    Explanation
    ECG (Electrocardiogram) is used to measure disease progression in aortic stenosis. It is a non-invasive test that records the electrical activity of the heart. In aortic stenosis, the narrowing of the aortic valve can cause changes in the electrical signals of the heart. By analyzing the ECG, healthcare professionals can assess the severity of the disease and monitor its progression over time. MRI and XRAY can also provide valuable information, but ECG is specifically used to measure disease progression in aortic stenosis.

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  • 24. 

    Concentric hypertropy is due to ____________ for an extended period of time (chronic hypertension, aortic valve stenosis.)

    • Increased murmurs

    • Increased afterload

    • Decrease contractility

    • Decreased preload

    Correct Answer
    A. Increased afterload
    Explanation
    Concentric hypertrophy occurs when the heart muscle thickens in response to increased pressure or workload. This can be caused by conditions such as chronic hypertension or aortic valve stenosis. Increased afterload, which refers to the resistance the heart has to pump against, is a common factor in these conditions. When the heart has to work harder to overcome the increased afterload, it responds by thickening its muscle fibers, resulting in concentric hypertrophy. This helps the heart generate more force to overcome the increased resistance and maintain adequate blood flow.

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  • 25. 

    Common causes of mitral valve stenosis are _______________ and ______________.

    • Degenerative and rheumatic heart diease

    • Fatty foods and no exercise

    • Degenerative and unknown causes

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Degenerative and rheumatic heart diease
    Explanation
    Mitral valve stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of the mitral valve in the heart. The two common causes of this condition are degenerative heart disease and rheumatic heart disease. Degenerative heart disease refers to the gradual wear and tear of the mitral valve over time. Rheumatic heart disease, on the other hand, is caused by complications from untreated strep throat infections, which can lead to inflammation and scarring of the heart valves. These two causes are commonly associated with mitral valve stenosis.

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  • 26. 

    In order to meaure the valve area, as to size of functional area in valve it is done via

    • Ultrasound

    • X-ray

    • MRI

    • With a ruler

    Correct Answer
    A. Ultrasound
    Explanation
    Ultrasound is used to measure the valve area because it is a non-invasive imaging technique that can provide real-time images of the heart and its structures. It allows for accurate measurement of the valve area by visualizing the valve and assessing its opening and closing movements. Ultrasound also provides information about the blood flow through the valve, which is important in determining its functionality. X-ray and MRI can provide valuable information about the heart, but they are not commonly used for measuring valve area. Using a ruler is not a reliable method for measuring valve area as it cannot accurately assess the size and function of the valve.

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  • 27. 

    As patient comes into your office complaining of chest pains, shortness of breath.  You run and ECG and upon ascultation you hear  S4-S1-S2 which produce a gallop rthythm. What could this be? and where would you place your stethoscope to hear this sound?

    • Aortic stenosis; left 2nd intercostal space near sternum

    • Aortic stenosis; right 2nd intercostal space near sterum

    • Aortic regurgitation;left 5th intercostal space near sternum

    • Aortic regurgitation; in the middle of his back.

    Correct Answer
    A. Aortic stenosis; right 2nd intercostal space near sterum
    Explanation
    The correct answer is aortic stenosis; right 2nd intercostal space near sternum. Aortic stenosis is a condition characterized by narrowing of the aortic valve, causing obstruction of blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. This can result in symptoms such as chest pains and shortness of breath. The S4-S1-S2 sound heard upon auscultation indicates the presence of a gallop rhythm, which is a characteristic finding in aortic stenosis. To hear this sound, the stethoscope should be placed in the right 2nd intercostal space near the sternum, as this is the location where the aortic valve is best heard.

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  • 28. 

    Aortic Stenosis( produces a thickened valve that is narrower and smaller) and chronic hypertension produces an __________ heart sound.

    • S1

    • Rapidly S2

    • S4

    • S4

    Correct Answer
    A. S4
    Explanation
    S4 caused low ventricular compliance and it coincides with atrial contraction.

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  • 29. 

    In mitral valve stenosis, no abnormal heart sounds would be expected in this patient because there is no overfilling of the ventricles and no change in ventricular compliance.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    In mitral valve stenosis, the narrowing of the mitral valve restricts blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. This results in decreased filling of the ventricles and a decrease in ventricular compliance. As a result, there is no overfilling of the ventricles and no abnormal heart sounds, such as a murmur, would be expected in this patient. Therefore, the statement that no abnormal heart sounds would be expected in this patient is true.

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  • 30. 
    The information represents: - ProProfs

    The information represents:

    • Mitral valve stenosis

    • Aortic and pulmonic stenosis

    • Aortic and pulmonic valve regurgitation

    • Pulmonic stenosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Aortic and pulmonic valve regurgitation
    Explanation
    The given information represents different types of heart valve conditions. Mitral valve stenosis refers to the narrowing of the mitral valve, while aortic and pulmonic stenosis indicate the narrowing of the aortic and pulmonic valves respectively. However, the answer provided is aortic and pulmonic valve regurgitation, which implies that the valves are not closing properly and are allowing blood to flow backward. This condition is different from stenosis as it involves the leakage of blood rather than the narrowing of the valves.

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  • 31. 

    Systolic murmur, weakened pulse and left ventricular hypertrophy are signs and symptoms of _______________

    • Mitral valve stenosis

    • Aortic valve stenosis

    • Pulmonic valve stenosis

    • Aortic vavle regurgitation

    Correct Answer
    A. Aortic valve stenosis
    Explanation
    Systolic murmur, weakened pulse, and left ventricular hypertrophy are all signs and symptoms commonly associated with aortic valve stenosis. This condition occurs when the aortic valve becomes narrowed, leading to obstruction of blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. The narrowed valve causes turbulence and a characteristic murmur during systole. The weakened pulse is a result of decreased blood flow through the stenotic valve. Over time, the increased workload on the left ventricle can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy. Therefore, aortic valve stenosis is the most likely explanation for the given signs and symptoms.

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  • 32. 

    You notice a a sound like hooves of a galloping horse (protodiastolic gallop).  This sound is displaying what?

    • S4-S2-S1

    • S1-S2-S3

    • S4-S1-S3

    • S3-S4-S1

    Correct Answer
    A. S1-S2-S3
    Explanation
    This could be pathological in an adult. The S3 is heard when ventricles overfill, very close to the mitral valve opening. Large volume entering ventricle during rapid ventricular fillin; produces large EDV. example of aortic or mitral regurgitation.

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  • 33. 
    This represents: - ProProfs

    This represents:

    • Mitral and tricuspid valve stenosis

    • Mitral and aortic regurgitation

    • Mitral and tricuspid regurgitation

    • Pulmonary and mitral valvee stenosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitral and tricuspid valve stenosis
    Explanation
    The correct answer is mitral and tricuspid valve stenosis. This means that there is narrowing or constriction of the mitral and tricuspid valves, which are located between the atria and ventricles of the heart. This can lead to decreased blood flow from the atria to the ventricles, causing symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. It is important to diagnose and treat valve stenosis to prevent further complications and improve heart function.

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  • 34. 

    The S1 - S2- SSSSSSS is _______________

    • Systolic murmur

    • Leaky ventricle

    • Diastolic murmur

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Diastolic murmur
    Explanation
    A diastolic murmur refers to an abnormal sound heard during the relaxation phase of the heart's cycle. This could indicate a problem with the heart valves, such as aortic regurgitation or mitral stenosis. In contrast, a systolic murmur occurs during the contraction phase of the heart and is often associated with conditions like aortic stenosis or mitral regurgitation. Leaky ventricle is not a specific term used to describe a heart condition. Therefore, the correct answer is diastolic murmur.

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  • 35. 
    This picture represents - ProProfs

    This picture represents

    • Aortic or pulmonary stenosis

    • Aortic or mitral stenosis

    • Pulmonary or mitral stenosis

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Aortic or pulmonary stenosis
    Explanation
    The picture represents aortic or pulmonary stenosis because it does not clearly indicate any specific valve involvement. The narrowing or stenosis can occur in either the aortic or pulmonary valve, leading to obstruction of blood flow. The picture does not provide enough information to determine if mitral stenosis is present, so the correct answer is aortic or pulmonary stenosis.

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  • 36. 

    In the acute phase of aortic valve stenosis, the stenosis will correct itself.  It will produce an increase in EDV (preload) and eccentric hypertrophy.  But over time if not treated, the constants work agains the high afterload shift to a concentric hypertrophy and will eventually lead to heart failure.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    It willnot correct itself. But, all other statements are true.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Nov 15, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    Jobusch
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