Vascular Physiology - Blood Pressure
For those of you who love all things biology and living organisms especially vascular physiology and how the work in the human body then this is the quiz for you. If you are prepared to test your knowledge try it out.
- 1.
Which of the blood vessel layers contains smooth muscle and elastic fibers?
- A.
Internal elastic lamina
- B.
Tunica externa
- C.
Tunica intima
- D.
Tunica media
Correct Answer
D. Tunica mediaExplanation
Slide 5Rate this question:
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- 2.
In systemic circulation, blood pressure ______ as distance from the left ventricle increases and is lowest in the _______
- A.
Increases, capillaries
- B.
Decreases, capillaries
- C.
Decreases, blood entering right atrium
- D.
Increases, arterioles
Correct Answer
C. Decreases, blood entering right atriumExplanation
Slide 11-13. Blood pressure is highest in aorta and continuously decreases as it moves along systemic circulation.Rate this question:
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- 3.
When comparing the arterioles to capillaries, blood pressure is smaller in the ______ and diameter is larger in the _______
- A.
Capillaries, arterioles
- B.
Arterioles, capillaries
- C.
Capillaries, capillaries
- D.
Arterioles, arterioles
Correct Answer
A. Capillaries, arteriolesExplanation
Slide 9 & 12. Pressure continuously decreases as we move further through systemic circulation. BV diameter is smallest in the capillaries.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following are paracrine substances secreted by endothelial cells that dilate the BV (Select 3)
- A.
Prostacyclin
- B.
Endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF)
- C.
Nitric oxide
- D.
Endothelin-1
Correct Answer(s)
A. Prostacyclin
B. Endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF)
C. Nitric oxideExplanation
Note Nitric oxide is a type of EDRFRate this question:
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- 5.
During systole, an artery wall expands with new blood, whereas during diastole, the artery wall elastically retracts to original position, propelling blood forward.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Slide 24 & 25. Note this is in the arteries (the pressure resevoir) because they contain lots of elastic fibers. This does not happen in all BVRate this question:
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- 6.
A person's resting heart rate is 130/80, their pulse pressure is ___ mm Hg. Their mean arterial pressure is ____.
- A.
50, 96.67
- B.
130, 96.67
- C.
80, 50
- D.
50, 80
Correct Answer
A. 50, 96.67Explanation
Pulse pressure = Systolic - Diastolic = 130 - 80 = 50......................... MAP = DP + 1/3(Pulse pressure) = 80 + (1/3)*50 = 96.67Rate this question:
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- 7.
Blood flow is faster in venules than in capillaries
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Slide 37 & 38Rate this question:
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- 8.
Resistance is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the blood.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Resistance is directly proportional to viscosity of the blood. If there is greater viscosity there is more resistance.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The hematocrit ratio _______ (Select 3)
- A.
Is generally lower for a female than for a male
- B.
Is generally higher for a female than for a male
- C.
Is the % volume of blood that is Red blood cells
- D.
Would most likely increase in a person after moving to a higher altitude location
- E.
Would most likely decrease in a person after moving to a higher altitude location
Correct Answer(s)
A. Is generally lower for a female than for a male
C. Is the % volume of blood that is Red blood cells
D. Would most likely increase in a person after moving to a higher altitude locationExplanation
Hematocrit ratio is the % of blood volume that is red blood cells. It is higher generally higher in males. It would increase after moving to a high altitude location because the atmosphere would have less oxygen, triggering an increase in red blood cell production and therefore a higher hematocrit ratio.Rate this question:
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- 10.
If a blood vessel decreased in radius by 3 times, the resistance would ______ by a factor of _____ times
- A.
Decrease, 81
- B.
Increase, 81
- C.
Increase, 12
- D.
Decrease, 12
Correct Answer
B. Increase, 81Explanation
Resistance is inversely proportional to the 4th power of radius. Slide 46 & 48Rate this question:
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- 11.
The major source of resistance in systemic circulation is at the level of the ______
- A.
Arteries
- B.
Arterioles
- C.
Capillaries
- D.
Aorta
Correct Answer
B. ArteriolesExplanation
Arterioles are the small blood vessels that connect arteries to capillaries. They play a crucial role in regulating blood flow and blood pressure. Due to their small diameter, arterioles offer the greatest resistance to blood flow in the systemic circulation. This resistance is important for maintaining proper blood pressure and ensuring that blood is distributed appropriately to different organs and tissues. Therefore, the major source of resistance in systemic circulation is at the level of the arterioles.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following when increased, would increase resistance? (Select all that apply)
- A.
BV length
- B.
Hematocrit ratio
- C.
BV radius
- D.
Blood viscosity
Correct Answer(s)
A. BV length
B. Hematocrit ratio
D. Blood viscosityExplanation
All of the above are directly proportional to resistance (an increase in them would result in an increase in resistance). BV radius is inversely proportional (if you increase BV radius, there is less resistance). Also an increased hematocrit ratio means that the blood is more viscous, therefore has more resistance.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Total peripheral resistance is ______ the resistance of any individual artery.
- A.
Less than
- B.
Greater than
- C.
Equal
- D.
Independent
Correct Answer
A. Less thanExplanation
Total peripheral resistance (TPR) is a parallel type of resistance. Organ resistance is in series (you have to add all the individual resistances together).Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following are extrinsic mechanisms of controlling blood supply to organs? (Select 2)
- A.
ADH
- B.
Flow Autoregulation
- C.
Sympathetic/Parasympathetic input
- D.
Active Hyperemia
Correct Answer(s)
A. ADH
C. Sympathetic/Parasympathetic inputExplanation
Flow autoregulation and Active hyperemia are examples of local controls (along with reactive hyperemia and response to injury)Rate this question:
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- 15.
If blood flow is abnormally high to the brain, a flow autoregulation mechanism would act to _____ the blood vessel diameter in order to _____ blood flow
- A.
Decrease, decrease
- B.
Increase, increase
- C.
Decrease, increase
- D.
Flow autoregulation mechanisms would not act in this situation
Correct Answer
A. Decrease, decreaseExplanation
In the given scenario, if blood flow to the brain is abnormally high, a flow autoregulation mechanism would act to decrease the blood vessel diameter in order to decrease blood flow. This mechanism helps to maintain a stable blood flow to the brain by adjusting the diameter of the blood vessels. By decreasing the diameter, the flow of blood is reduced, preventing excessive blood flow to the brain.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Epinephrine can cause both vasoconstriction and vasodilation on arteriolar smooth muscle
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
However alpha receptors (vasoconstriction) outnumber beta receptors (dilation) so constriction is usually seen. ****skeletal muscles contain more beta receptors and so dilation is seen there*****Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following hormones decrease blood pressure?
- A.
ANP
- B.
ADH
- C.
Angiotensis 2
- D.
Renin
Correct Answer
A. ANPExplanation
ANP, or atrial natriuretic peptide, is a hormone that is released by the heart in response to high blood pressure. It acts to decrease blood pressure by promoting the excretion of sodium and water in the kidneys, leading to increased urine production. This helps to reduce the volume of blood in the bloodstream, ultimately lowering blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Blood flow to coronary vessels occurs _____
- A.
Mainly during Diastole
- B.
Mainly during Systole
- C.
Equally throughout diastole and systole
- D.
No blood flow to coronary vessels
Correct Answer
A. Mainly during DiastoleExplanation
Because the coronary vessels are compressed during systole, flow occurs mainly during diastole.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Arteriolar control of the heart vessels is mainly controlled by (Select 2)
- A.
Adenosine
- B.
Sympathetic input
- C.
Flow autoregulation
- D.
Epinephrine
Correct Answer(s)
A. Adenosine
C. Flow autoregulationExplanation
Locally controlled by metabolic factors (adenosine) and flow autoregulation. Sympathetic input has little effect on coronary arterioles. Slide 94Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of the following organs have their arterioles controlled by sympathetic input (Select 2)
- A.
Skin
- B.
Brain
- C.
Heart
- D.
Skeletal muscles
Correct Answer(s)
A. Skin
D. Skeletal musclesExplanation
Brain and heart are controlled mainly by local metabolic controls.Rate this question:
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- 21.
At the venous end of a capillary bed, the net filtration pressure is directed _____________
- A.
Inwards towards the capillary (Negative net filtration)
- B.
Outwards escaping the capillary (Positive net filtration)
- C.
0
- D.
Inward or Outwards depending on where the capillary bed is located
Correct Answer
A. Inwards towards the capillary (Negative net filtration)Explanation
The arteriole end is positive (~ 10 mm Hg) and the venule end is negative (~ -7 mm Hg)Rate this question:
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- 22.
In a capillary, ionized and polar molecules will diffuse through the capillary wall by
- A.
Diffusing through the capillary plasma membrane
- B.
By passing through intercellular clefts
- C.
None of these
- D.
All of the these
Correct Answer
B. By passing through intercellular cleftsExplanation
Slide 107 & 114Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following is true regarding the veins/venous system (Select 2)
- A.
They are more compliant than arteries
- B.
About 60% of blood volume is in the systemic veins
- C.
A small change in venous volume will result in a large change in venous pressure
- D.
SV is independent of venous pressure
Correct Answer(s)
A. They are more compliant than arteries
B. About 60% of blood volume is in the systemic veinsExplanation
Veins are more compliant than arteries because they have thinner walls and larger lumens, allowing them to stretch and accommodate changes in blood volume. This compliance helps to maintain blood pressure and prevent damage to the blood vessels. About 60% of the blood volume is in the systemic veins, which act as a reservoir for blood and can be quickly mobilized to maintain blood flow to vital organs.Rate this question:
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- 24.
When the diaphragm contracts, (Select 2)
- A.
Pressure in the abdominal veins increases
- B.
Pressure in the abdominal veins decreases
- C.
Pressure in the intrathoracic veins increases
- D.
Venous return is enhanced
Correct Answer(s)
A. Pressure in the abdominal veins increases
D. Venous return is enhancedExplanation
Slide 130-132Rate this question:
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- 25.
Elephantiasis is caused by a malfunction mainly in the _________
- A.
Venous system
- B.
Endocrine system
- C.
Nervous system
- D.
Lymphatic system
Correct Answer
D. LympHatic systemExplanation
Slide 134Rate this question:
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- 26.
The largest drop in blood vessel pressure occurs at the level of _______
- A.
Arterioles
- B.
Arteries
- C.
Capillaries
- D.
Venules
Correct Answer
A. ArteriolesExplanation
Arterioles are small blood vessels that connect arteries to capillaries. They play a crucial role in regulating blood flow and blood pressure. Due to their small size and high resistance, arterioles experience the largest drop in blood vessel pressure. This is because the arterioles are responsible for controlling the amount of blood that flows into the capillaries, where exchange of nutrients and waste products occurs. Therefore, the correct answer is arterioles.Rate this question:
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- 27.
During muscle contraction, the increased oxygen consumption stimulates production/release of compounds locally that dilate the blood vessel and cause an increase in blood flow to the muscle. This is an example of _________.
- A.
Flow autoregulation
- B.
Myogenic flow autoregulation
- C.
Reactive hyperemia
- D.
Active hyperemia
Correct Answer
D. Active hyperemiaExplanation
This is active hyperemia because blood flow is increased in response to increased metabolic activity.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Oct 23, 2015Quiz Created by
Eddy Sidra