Wk 6 Lect 1 Pain And Pain Management

Freud's proposition that love is the attachment of libidinal energy to the mental representation of the loved person aligns with his psychoanalytic theory. According to Freud, libidinal energy is the driving force behind human behavior and is typically associated with sexual desire. He believed that love involves the redirection of this energy towards a mental image or representation of the loved individual. Therefore, the statement is true as it accurately reflects Freud's conceptualization of love.

Counsellors can provide various forms of assistance to individuals, including exposure therapy, continuing support, and identifying abnormal grief responses. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above."

Freud introduced the concept of grief work as a way to understand and cope with depression. Grief work refers to the psychological process of mourning and working through the emotions and pain associated with loss or grief. Freud believed that individuals needed to actively engage in this process in order to heal and move forward. Therefore, the statement that Freud introduced the idea of grief work is true.

The recovery and restitution phase refers to the process of rebuilding and finding new meaning in life after the loss of a loved one. It involves creating a life that still holds significance and purpose, even in the absence of the deceased person. This process can involve finding new hobbies, pursuing personal growth, and forming new connections with others. Therefore, the statement "The recovery and restitution phase is the recreation of a life that has meaning, even without the person that has died" is true.

The central assumption of the Gate Theory is that different parts of the CNS (Central Nervous System) are involved in the pain experience. This means that the perception of pain is not solely determined by the specific area where the pain is felt, but rather involves various regions of the central nervous system. Therefore, the statement is true.

The given statement is true. Grief is a psychological function that helps individuals detach themselves from their ties to the deceased. It allows them to process their emotions, accept the loss, and eventually move on with their lives. Grief involves a range of emotions such as sadness, anger, and denial, and it is a natural response to loss. By experiencing and expressing these emotions, individuals can gradually heal and find closure.

Parkes assumptive world theory suggests that individuals create their own subjective understanding of the world based on their assumptions, beliefs, and experiences. This theory emphasizes that our perception of reality is influenced by our own biases and preconceived notions. It highlights the importance of recognizing and challenging these assumptions to gain a more accurate understanding of the world around us.

In an evolutionary perspective, pain serves as a mechanism that both warns and protects us. It acts as a signal to alert us to potential harm or danger, prompting us to take necessary actions to avoid further injury or damage. This adaptive response has allowed our ancestors to survive and pass on their genes to future generations. Therefore, the correct answer is "a and b" as pain serves the dual purpose of warning and protecting us.

Grief counsellors are able to provide support for those suffering by normalising the diverse emotions experienced during the grieving process. They acknowledge that everyone grieves differently and that a wide range of emotions is normal. They also normalise the unusual experiences that individuals may have during grief, such as feeling disconnected from reality or having vivid dreams. Additionally, grief counsellors support individuals in expressing and processing their feelings, providing a safe space for them to share their emotions. Lastly, they understand that grief takes time and provide the necessary support and resources for individuals to grieve at their own pace.

The correct answer is "is not, are". This is because the subject "obesity" is singular, so it should be followed by the singular verb "is not". On the other hand, "overeating and sedentary lifestyles" are plural, so they should be followed by the plural verb "are".

The correct answer is "equally as" because it indicates that the psychological aspects of grief are just as intimidating as the physical ones. This suggests that both the emotional and physical aspects of grief can be equally difficult and challenging to deal with.

Susan's context of grief is within illness and death. This means that Susan experiences grief when she or someone close to her is suffering from an illness or when someone she knows passes away. Personal loss is not mentioned in the context, so it is not included in the answer.

The clients who get the most out of grief counseling are those who self-refer and those who are recently bereaved. Self-referred clients are more likely to actively engage in the counseling process and have a genuine desire to work through their grief. Additionally, clients who have recently experienced a loss are often more motivated to seek support and are more open to the counseling process. These factors contribute to a higher likelihood of success in grief counseling for these individuals.

Pain is subjective because it is experienced differently by each individual. It is influenced by factors such as personal perception, tolerance, and previous experiences. What may be extremely painful for one person may be tolerable for another. Therefore, pain can vary greatly from person to person, making it a subjective experience.

The correct answer is "all of the above" because Worden's 4 core tasks of resolving grief include accepting the reality of loss, experiencing the pain of grief, adjusting to an environment where the deceased is absent, and withdrawing emotional energy from the dead and reinvesting in new. Therefore, all of these tasks are necessary in order to effectively resolve grief.

This statement is true because it states that widows are more prone to accidents, while widowers are more prone to homicide. The numbers 1.84 and 2.69 indicate the relative likelihood of these events occurring in each group.

This statement suggests that individuals who struggle to handle difficult situations in their early stages of life are likely to continue struggling in the future. It implies that the ability to cope with challenges is a trait that remains relatively constant over time. This explanation aligns with the answer "True" because it indicates that early coping skills can have a lasting impact on an individual's ability to cope later in life.

The correct answer is "all of the above". In Stroebe and Stroebe's phase model of grief, the first phase is characterized by numbness, shock, and disbelief. During this phase, individuals may feel emotionally numb, experience a sense of disbelief or denial about the loss, and may be in a state of shock. This initial phase is commonly observed in the early stages of grief and can vary in duration for each individual.

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. This means that pain is not only a physical sensation but also has an emotional component. It can be experienced as a result of actual tissue damage or the anticipation of potential damage.

The correct answer is "isolating." Pain can often make individuals feel isolated because it can be difficult for others to fully understand or empathize with their experience. It can also lead to a sense of isolation as it can limit one's ability to engage in activities or socialize with others.

The word "grief" is the most suitable answer because it specifically refers to the emotional experience of deep sorrow or sadness that is often associated with the loss of someone or something significant. While the other options - sadness, loss, and mourning - may also be related to the emotional experience, "grief" encompasses a broader range of emotions and is commonly used to describe the intense and prolonged feelings of sadness and mourning that follow a significant loss.

Historically, it was believed that the extent of pain was associated with tissue damage. This assumption stemmed from the idea that when tissues are damaged, pain signals are sent to the brain, resulting in the perception of pain. Therefore, the more extensive the tissue damage, the more intense the pain was thought to be. This belief has been challenged in recent years, as research has shown that pain is a complex phenomenon influenced by various factors, including psychological and social factors. Nonetheless, historically, tissue damage was considered a significant factor in the experience of pain.

A-beta nerve fibers do not send messages to the brain and instead act to keep the gate closed. These fibers are responsible for transmitting non-painful sensations, such as touch and pressure, from the body to the central nervous system. Their role is to inhibit the transmission of pain signals, helping to close the "gate" and reduce the perception of pain.

Little daily pains remind us to move. This answer suggests that when we experience small daily discomforts or aches, it serves as a reminder to keep our bodies active and in motion. Movement is important for maintaining overall health and preventing stiffness or further pain. Regular exercise and physical activity can help alleviate minor pains and promote a healthier lifestyle.

Mourning is the act of expressing grief, typically after the loss of a loved one. It involves various rituals, customs, and behaviors that are culturally specific and may include wearing black clothing, attending funerals, or participating in religious ceremonies. Bereavement refers to the state of experiencing grief after a loss, while loss refers to the actual event of losing someone or something. Guilt, on the other hand, is a feeling of responsibility or remorse for something that one has done wrong. Therefore, mourning is the most appropriate choice as it directly relates to the acts of expressing grief.

Adults also experience a similar reaction to the absence of an attachment figure, known as protest-despair-detachment. Therefore, the statement that adults are quite different from children in this regard is false.

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Bereavement is an objective experience because it refers to the loss of something, which is a tangible and measurable event. However, it is also an emotional experience because it involves the feelings of grief and sadness that come with the loss.

The given answer states that 25% of soldiers compared to 90% of civilians required analgesics for the same pain, with 60% reporting pain or no pain. This suggests that a higher percentage of civilians needed pain relief compared to soldiers. The significant difference in the percentage of civilians requiring analgesics (90%) indicates that civilians were more likely to experience pain and seek medication for it, while a smaller percentage of soldiers (25%) needed analgesics.