The basic principles and practices of nursing as taught in educational programs for nurses. In a course on the fundamentals of nursing, traditionally required in the first semester of the program, the student attends classes and gives care to selected patients. A fundamental of nursing course emphasizes the importance of the fundamental needs of humans as well as competence in basic skills as prerequisites to providing comprehensive nursing care.

5 Sample Questions

A client undergoes a total abdominal hysterectomy. When assessing the client 10 hours later, the nurse identifies which finding as an early sign of shock?

  • A. Restlessness
  • B. Pale, warm, dry skin
  • C. Heart rate of 110 beats/minute
  • D. Urine output of 30 ml/hour

A mother comes to the clinic with her 5-year-old son who's complaining of a fever and sore throat. The nurse documents the client's tonsils as 3+. This means they're:

  • A. barely visible outside the tonsillar pillar.
  • B. halfway between the tonsillar pillar and the uvula.
  • C. touching the uvula.
  • D. touching each other.

The nurse measures a client's apical pulse rate and compares it with the radial pulse rate. The differential between these two pulses is called:

  • A. the pulse pressure.
  • B. the pulse deficit.
  • C. the pulse rhythm.
  • D. pulsus regularis.

Why should an infant be quiet and seated upright when the nurse assesses his fontanels?

  • A. The mother will have less trouble holding a quiet, upright infant.
  • B. Lying down can cause the fontanels to recede, making assessment more difficult.
  • C. The infant can breathe more easily when sitting up.
  • D. Lying down and crying can cause the fontanels to bulge.

A client comes to the clinic for a routine checkup. To assess the client's gag reflex, the nurse should use which method?

  • A. Place a tongue blade on the front of the tongue and ask the client to say "ah."
  • B. Place a tongue blade lightly on the posterior aspect of the tongue.
  • C. Place a tongue blade on the middle of the tongue and ask the client to cough.
  • D. Place a tongue blade on the uvula.

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