1.
What name is applied to the broad, superior end of the heart that attaches to the major blood vessels?
Correct Answer
B. Base
Explanation
The base of the heart is the broad, superior part where the major blood vessels, such as the aorta, pulmonary arteries, and veins, are attached. This area is crucial because it anchors the heart to these vessels, allowing for the efficient flow of blood into and out of the heart. The base lies opposite the apex, which is the narrow, inferior end of the heart.
2.
Which organ is anchored to the bottom portion of the heart?
Correct Answer
B. DiapHragm
Explanation
The apex of the heart, or the bottom portion, is anchored to the diaphragm, a large dome-shaped muscle that plays a vital role in respiration. The diaphragm helps to support the heart's position in the thoracic cavity, ensuring stability during the heart's pumping action. This anchoring also aids in the transmission of forces generated by the diaphragm during breathing, which can affect the heart's function.
3.
Approximately how much of the heart mass lies to the left of the body midline?
Correct Answer
C. Two-thirds
Explanation
About two-thirds of the heart mass lies to the left of the body's midline. The heart is positioned slightly left of center in the thoracic cavity, which optimizes the space for the lungs and other organs. This asymmetrical placement ensures efficient blood flow through the major vessels that connect to the heart, such as the aorta and pulmonary arteries.
4.
Name the compartment between the lungs that contains the heart.
Correct Answer
C. Mediastinum
Explanation
The mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, located between the lungs. It contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, and other important structures. The mediastinum provides a protected space for the heart and major blood vessels, ensuring they are well-supported and can function effectively.
5.
How many times does a heart beat in a lifetime?
Correct Answer
D. 3 billion
Explanation
On average, a human heart beats about 3 billion times over a lifetime. This estimate is based on a heart rate of about 70 beats per minute and a lifespan of approximately 80 years. The heart's continuous, rhythmic contractions are essential for maintaining blood circulation and delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues.
6.
What is the approximate weight of the human heart?
Correct Answer
B. 250-350 grams
Explanation
The average weight of a human heart is approximately 250-350 grams, with slight variations between individuals and sexes. Generally, a male heart is slightly heavier than a female heart. The heart's weight is indicative of its muscular structure, which is necessary for generating the force required to pump blood throughout the body.
7.
The heart has four chambers that are utilized when beating. The upper chambers are called __________
Correct Answer
B. Atriums
Explanation
The heart's four chambers include two upper chambers called atria (or atriums) and two lower chambers called ventricles. The atria receive blood entering the heart; the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, and the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. The atria then pass this blood to the ventricles, which pump it out to the lungs and the rest of the body.
8.
A structure in the heart that temporarily closes, ensuring that blood moves in only one direction.
Correct Answer
B. Valve
Explanation
Valves in the heart, such as the mitral, tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valves, ensure that blood flows in only one direction. These valves open and close in response to pressure changes within the heart chambers, preventing backflow and maintaining efficient circulation. Proper valve function is crucial for the heart's role in pumping blood effectively.
9.
The wall of the left ventricle is thicker because it _______________
Correct Answer
B. Pumps blood to the entire body
Explanation
The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than that of the right ventricle because it needs to generate enough force to pump oxygenated blood throughout the entire body. This thick muscular wall allows the left ventricle to create the high pressure needed to propel blood through the systemic circulation, which includes all the body's tissues and organs.
10.
What is the name applied to the narrow, inferior end of the heart that protrudes into the left lung?
Correct Answer
A. Apex
Explanation
The apex is the narrow, inferior end of the heart that points downward, forward, and to the left. It protrudes into the left lung and is formed primarily by the left ventricle. The apex is an important anatomical landmark, often used in medical examinations to assess heart health and function.