1.
Which of the following scientists used carboxylic acid as an antiseptic?
Correct Answer
A. JosepH Lister
Explanation
Joseph Lister used carboxylic acid as an antiseptic. Carboxylic acid, specifically phenol, was used by Lister as a disinfectant to prevent infection during surgeries. Lister is known as the pioneer of antiseptic surgery and his use of carboxylic acid significantly reduced the risk of post-operative infections.
2.
The first apparatus to be used for sterilization of surgical materials and equipments was invented in
Correct Answer
C. 1882
Explanation
The first apparatus for sterilization of surgical materials and equipment was invented in 1882. This invention marked a significant advancement in medical practices as it allowed for the elimination of bacteria and other harmful microorganisms from surgical instruments, reducing the risk of infections during surgeries. Prior to this invention, sterilization methods were not as effective, and the lack of proper sterilization techniques often led to complications and infections in patients. The invention of this apparatus revolutionized the field of surgery and paved the way for safer and more successful surgical procedures.
3.
The use of gloves as a protective wear during surgery started in
Correct Answer
C. 1897
Explanation
In 1897, the use of gloves as a protective wear during surgery started. This was a significant development in medical practices as it helped to prevent the transmission of infections from the surgeon's hands to the patient. Prior to this, surgeons did not use gloves and there was a higher risk of contamination and infection during surgical procedures. The introduction of gloves as a standard precautionary measure in surgery greatly improved patient safety and contributed to the advancement of modern surgical techniques.
4.
Which of these is not an aseptic measure?
Correct Answer
D. Spraying operating room with antiseptics
Explanation
Spraying the operating room with antiseptics is not considered an aseptic measure because it does not directly prevent the introduction of microorganisms into the surgical environment. Aseptic measures aim to maintain a sterile environment by preventing the entry of microorganisms and minimizing the risk of infection. Wearing surgical gowns, using surgical barriers, and practicing safe operating techniques are all examples of aseptic measures as they help to reduce the risk of contamination during surgery.
5.
Which of these is not a factor affecting the effectiveness of surgical hand antisepsis?
Correct Answer
C. The sterility of the operating room
Explanation
The sterility of the operating room is not a factor affecting the effectiveness of surgical hand antisepsis because it refers to the cleanliness and absence of microorganisms in the environment, rather than the actual process of hand antisepsis. Factors such as the cleansing method, duration of cleansing, and choice of antiseptic solution directly impact the effectiveness of surgical hand antisepsis by determining how thoroughly and efficiently the hands are cleaned and disinfected.
6.
Concerning antiseptics, which of these is odd?
Correct Answer
D. Antiseptic towel
Explanation
An antiseptic towel is the odd one out because it is not a commonly used form of antiseptic. Antimicrobial soaps, aqueous scrubs, and alcohol rubs are all widely used and recognized as effective antiseptics. However, an antiseptic towel is not a common product or method for disinfection.
7.
Prior to surgery, the following should be done except
Correct Answer
D. Removal of gloves
Explanation
Prior to surgery, it is necessary to remove finger rings, nail polish, and artificial nails as they can interfere with proper hand hygiene and potentially introduce contaminants into the surgical site. However, gloves should not be removed before surgery as they are an essential protective barrier for the surgical team and help prevent the spread of infection.
8.
All of the following are risk factors in surgery except
Correct Answer
D. Incidence of resistant microbes
Explanation
The incidence of resistant microbes is not a risk factor in surgery because it refers to the occurrence or prevalence of microbes that are resistant to antibiotics or other treatments. While the presence of resistant microbes can complicate treatment and increase the risk of infection, it is not a factor that directly increases the risk of surgical complications or adverse outcomes. In contrast, colonization with preexisting microbes, improper glucose control, and inadequate wound dressing protocol are all risk factors in surgery as they can increase the risk of infection, delayed healing, and other complications.
9.
Which of the following is a prevention strategy in combating infection during surgery?
Correct Answer
C. Use of razor in removing hair
Explanation
The use of a razor in removing hair is a prevention strategy in combating infection during surgery. This is because hair removal before surgery helps to reduce the risk of surgical site infections. Hair can harbor bacteria and other microorganisms, and removing it can decrease the chances of these organisms entering the surgical site and causing an infection. However, it is important to note that the use of clippers instead of razors is now recommended to minimize the risk of skin abrasions and subsequent infections.
10.
Which of the following has greater antimicrobial activity?
Correct Answer
B. Alcohol Chlorhexidiene
Explanation
Alcohol Chlorhexidiene has greater antimicrobial activity compared to the other options. Alcohol is widely used as a disinfectant due to its ability to kill a broad range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Chlorhexidiene is also a potent antimicrobial agent commonly used in healthcare settings for its effectiveness against various pathogens. Aloe, sulphur solution, and chlorinated water may have some antimicrobial properties, but they are not as powerful as alcohol chlorhexidiene in terms of killing microorganisms.